EMT-B Exam Study Guide: Chapters 1-8 Review with Questions and Answers, Exams of Medicine

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Questions And Answers

Today's EMS providers are trained according to the __________. 2010 Federal EMS Provider Standards 1995 U.S. DOT Guidelines 2009 National EMS Education Standards 1999 National EMS Curriculum - correct answer 2009 National EMS Education Standards Which of the following has training in limited advanced life support skills, inluding IV therapy? - correct answer Advanced EMT (AEMT) Which of the following is required to work as an EMT? - correct answer A current basic life support/CPR credential EMS, as we know it today, has its origins in the 1966 __________. White Paper

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Red Report EMS Chronicles Prehospital Roundtable - correct answer White Paper One of the most important recent advances in prehospital care is the - correct answer AED Which of the following is a nationally recognized component of an EMS system? - correct answer Public education Which of the following is an advantage of enhanced 9-1-1 systems over regular 9-1-1 systems? - correct answer Potential use of GPS technology Who is ultimately responsible for ensuring quality control for all EMTs as an EMS agency? - correct answer The medical director A proactive approach to public health focuses on - correct answer prevention of injury and illness

Questions And Answers

By definition, pandemic illnesses have - correct answer spread throughout the world Doing what is best for the patient is known as - correct answer Patient advocacy Empathy requires the EMT to - correct answer Consider the needs of others Dressing and acting appropriately while on duty are examples of - correct answer Professional attributes Roles and responsibilities of the EMT include - correct answer Providing on-scene leadership EMRs such as fire fighters, law enforcement officers, and park rangers, are an integral part of the EMS system because: - correct answer They often arrive at the scene before the ambulance and EMTs Which of the following errors is an example of a knowledge-based failure? - correct answer An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug

Questions And Answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy? - correct answer Community awareness programs that emphasize the dangers of drinking and driving If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its device terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should - correct answer Recognize that this does not mean the device will save more lives The ____ deals with the well-being of the EMT, career progression, and EMT compensation - correct answer Human resources department Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis? - correct answer Additional information and evidence indicates that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed Which of the following agencies is the federal source for the EMT education standards? - correct answer National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) What is the primary job of the EMT? - correct answer Ensure personal safety

Questions And Answers

This act of legislation protects people with disabilities from being denied access to programs and services that are provided by state or local governments. - correct answer Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Which of the following is NOT a component of an EMS system under the EMS Agenda for the Future? - correct answer Certification reciprocity Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? - correct answer Providing cervical spine immobilization The roles and responsibilities of an EMT include all of the following except - correct answer Providing legal advice to patients An example of teamwork and diplomacy is - correct answer Being able to communicate while giving respect to the listener The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - correct answer Limits the availability of a patient's health care information Why is EMS research a vital part in the evolution of patient management? - correct answer Research provides data that identify treatments that are beneficial and/or lifesaving for trauma patients and

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those that are not. Participation in EMS research empowers the EMT to help shape the future of trauma care. What is Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) and how is it used to help ensure the safety of patients? - correct answer Continuous quality improvement is a circular system of continuous internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system. By looking at all the components of an EMS system, the CQI process seeks to identify areas that need improvement and enables the problems to be resolved through remediation and training rather than through punitive measures. Which of the following precautions can always be taken by an EMT to reduce the risk of becoming ill? - correct answer Handwashing, with or without water What agency is responsible for enforcement of safety guidelines in the workplace? - correct answer OSHA What are the minimum infection control precautions for all patient contact situations? - correct answer Gloves and eye protection Which of the following is the EMT required to wear when treating patients with suspected tuberculosis? - correct answer N95 mask

Questions And Answers

Which of the following statements regarding tetanus-diphtheria- pertussis (Tdap) immunizations is correct? - correct answer Td boosters are recommended every 10 years Physiological signs of stress include - correct answer Tensed muscles Common sources of stress for EMTs include - correct answer Disturbing sights, smells, and sounds When does acute stress occur? - correct answer During a stressful situation Which of the following can help reduce stress levels? - correct answer Exercise Which of the following can help improve the quality of sleep? - correct answer Limiting caffeine intake If you feel you have been harassed at work, you should first - correct answer Report it to a supervisor Employee assistance programs (EAPs) provide - correct answer Counseling services

Questions And Answers

Denial, anger, and bargaining are stages of the - correct answer Grieving process Which of the following is a common characteristic of mental health problems? - correct answer Lack of impulse control Your patient is refusing care. Which of the following should you do first?

• correct answer Let him know what your concerns are When dealing with the family of a child who has just died, you should - correct answer Allow the loved ones to be with the child if possible Which of the following is published by the US D.O.T and provides guidance for hazardous material incidents? - correct answer The Emergency Response Guidebook Which if the following is the most common type of high-risk call EMS providers respond to? - correct answer Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) When dealing with a confused patient, you should - correct answer Orient the patient often

Questions And Answers

Confined-space fires present a high risk of - correct answer Inhalation injury Gross negligence requires - correct answer A willful or reckless disregard for the standard of care A patient successfully sued your EMS employer and was awarded compensatory and punitive damages. This means the agency was found guilty of - correct answer Gross negligence You are dispatched to the residence of a person who frequently calls 9- 1-1 for emergency care. You should: - correct answer Respond under the assumption that an acute emergency exists Two EMTs witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patient's emotional needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The EMTs ignored the coworker's treatment of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from ever happening again. This lack of action on the part of the two EMTs is considered - correct answer Legal but unethical You and your partner are the first to arrive at a potential crime scene with a critically injured patient involved. The scene is safe. Your first priority is to - correct answer Provide immediate patient care

Questions And Answers

If an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report: - correct answer It was not performed in the eyes of the law Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan Law is correct? - correct answer Such laws will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence An EMT would MOST likely be held accountable for abandonment if he or she - correct answer Did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient You have been tasked by your medical director with assisting in the development of your EMS agency's institutional standards. When developing these standards, it is important to - correct answer Be reasonable and realistic to avoid overburdening EMS personnel You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death? - correct answer Dependent lividity All of the following are considered protected health information (PHI) except - correct answer Location of the call

Questions And Answers

You suspect a 6-year-old girl has broken her leg after falling from the swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should - correct answer Try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed For a do not resuscitate (DNR) order to be valid, it must - correct answer Clearly state the patient's medical problem You are dispatched to a middle school for a 16-year-old female experiencing an asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in severe respiratory distress. The school nurse informs you that she has tried several times to contact the patient's parents but has not been successful. You should - correct answer Provide treatment up to your level of training and transport the child at once Which of the following types of consent allows treatment of a patient who is unconscious or mentally incapacitated? - correct answer Implied Acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm is called - correct answer Assault The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called - correct answer Standard of care

Questions And Answers

You receive a subpoena to testify in court regarding a case that occurred two years ago in which you and your partner did not attempt resuscitation of a cardiac arrest patient. Upon receiving the subpoena, you should - correct answer Notify the director of your EMS system and obtain legal counsel You are caring for a patient with pancreatic cancer. The patient is emaciated and only responds to loud verbal stimulus with the occasional moan. He offers no other response. The family tells you that there is no DNR but they do provide you with a Physician Order for Life Sustaining Treatment (POLST), which provides medical orders and is signed by the patient's physician. As you review the documentation, your partner reports that the patient has stopped breathing and has no carotid pulse. You should - correct answer Contact medical control for guidance Credentialing refers to - correct answer The process by which the qualifications to practice are determined Once your ambulance is dispatched to an emergency, you have an obligation to respond. This is known as - correct answer Duty to Act

Questions And Answers

Upon arrival at the scene, your partner began assessing vital signs without talking to the patient. This demonstrates - correct answer Failure to obtain consent Suppose your partner had introduced himself and asked permission to examine the patient. If the patient nodded and extended his arm, this would be considered - correct answer Expressed consent What is the best way to care for your patient once he tells yu he does not want to go to the hospital? - correct answer Let him know how important it is that he accept transport to the hospital While caring for a patient, you hear a neighbor cry for help; a child is drowning just around the corner. You and your partner leave, telling the patient you must respond to this incident and will send another ambulance for him as soon as possible. This decision is an example of - correct answer Abandonment On another call that day, your patient consented to treatment and transport after you told her she could be experiencing a serious medical emergency. This is an example of - correct answer Serving in the patient's best interest If a patient says he has used heroin recently, who should you tell about this? - correct answer You should report the heroin use to the nurse,

Questions And Answers

physician assistant, or physician who accepts transfer of care from you at the hospital. This information will be important to continuity of patient care. As healthcare providers, we should regard drug addiction as an illness, not a crime. You would not need to notify law enforcement unless there are extenuating circumstances. All radio communications in the United States are regulated by the - correct answer Federal Communications Commission (FCC) You are providing a patient report via radio to medical control. Your report should include - correct answer A summary of care You are assessing a 75-year-old woman with shortness of breath. As you are asking her questions about her chief complaint and medical history, you progressively move closer and closer to her. In doing this, it is important to remember that - correct answer As you physically get closer to the patient, a greater and greater sense of trust must be established In which manner should you act and speak with a patient? - correct answer Calm and confident Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is correct? - correct answer Standing over a child increases his or her level of anxiety

Questions And Answers

When communicating with a visually impaired patient, you should - correct answer Determine the degree of the patient's impairment You and your partner are dispatched to a residence with an "ill person". When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old man, does not speak English. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should - correct answer Us e short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and - correct answer Chief complaint The patient care report (PCR) ensures - correct answer Continuity of care Your EMS system utilizes a computerized PCR in which you fill in the information electronically and then send it to an emergency department via a secure Internet server. When completing your PCR after a call , you should - correct answer Complete a thorough and accurate narrative because drop-down boxes cannot provide all of the information that needs to be documented

Questions And Answers

Despite your numerous, sincere efforts to convince a 40-year-old man to consent to EMS treatment and transport, he refuses. After explaining the potential consequences of his refusal and determining that the patient has decision-making capacity, you ask him to sign an EMS refusal form, but he refuses to do that as well. You should - correct answer Ask a family member, law enforcement officer, or bystander to sign the form verifying that the patient refused to sign Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a - correct answer Base station A _____ receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency - correct answer Repeater After being dispatched on an emergency call, you should expect the dispatcher to provide you with all of the following information except - correct answer The general geographic location of the incident When communicating information over the radio, you should - correct answer use the words "affirmative" or "negative instead of "yes" or "no"

Questions And Answers

When obtaining patient care orders from a physician via a two-way radio, it is important to remember that - correct answer The physician's instructions are based on the information you provide Which of the following statements regarding standing orders is correct?

• correct answer Standing orders should be followed when physician contact is not possible Two-way communications that requires the EMT "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes which mode of communication? - correct answer Simplex After delivering your patient to the hospital, you sit down to complete the handwritten PCR. When documenting the patient's last blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this mistake, you should - correct answer Draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it You are part of the response to a motor vehicle collision on a busy highway. There are multiple vehicles involved and multiple casualties. The police and local fire department are all part of the same response. In order to facilitate effective communications among response agencies - correct answer an interoperable communications system should be utilized

Questions And Answers

Describe some of the administrative information that can be found on a PCR - correct answer • Time the incident was reported

• Time the EMS unit was notified
• Time the EMS unit arrived at the scene
• Time the EMS unit left the scene
• Time the EMS unit arrived at the receiving facility
• Time the patient care was transferred The suffix "-ectomy" means - correct answer Surgical removal of "Hepato" in the word "hepatitis" means - correct answer Liver "Arterio" in the word "arteriosclerosis" means - correct answer Artery The prefix "multi-" means - correct answer Many "Encephalo" in the word "encephalitis" means - correct answer Brain The prefixes meaning "half" include - correct answer "hemi" and "semi"

Questions And Answers

"Rhino" in the word "rhinorrhea" mean - correct answer Nose Which of the following roots can mean "white"? - correct answer "leuk/o" and "alb" "Adeno" in the word "adenectomy" means - correct answer Gland A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as - correct answer Distal humerus fracture The topographic term used to describe the parts of the body that are nearer to the feet is - correct answer Inferior Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal" - correct answer Posterior A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. Which aspect of the body has sustained the initial injury? - correct answer Plantar Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called - correct answer Abduction

Questions And Answers

A patient with pneumothorax has unilateral chest expansion. This means that - correct answer Only one side of the chest rises when he inhales A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is the ______ position - correct answer Fowler A pregnant patient is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. This means that - correct answer She has excessive vomiting You are transporting a 34-year-old patient who is unresponsive, and his patient care report includes the abbreviation BS. Based on this information, the patient care record - correct answer Should define the abbreviation to ensure clarity You are transporting a 26-year-old female patient who is 7 months pregnant. The patient care record indicates that the patient is primigravida. The prefix in this term indicates that the patient is - correct answer Pregnant for the first time You are transporting a 30-year-old female patient with a decreased level of consciousness. The patient care record includes the abbreviation OBS in the patient's past medical history. Based on this information, you can conclude that the patient has a history of - correct answer Organic brain syndrome

Questions And Answers

What is the root word for"pain"? - correct answer "Alges" What is the root word for "weakness"? - correct answer "Asthen" What is the term for "on one side"? - correct answer "Unilateral" What is the acronym for "no known allergies"? - correct answer "NKA" What medical term means "double vision"? - correct answer "Diplopia" What is the medical term for "coughing up blood"? - correct answer "Hemoptysis" What is the abbreviation for "hypertenstion"? - correct answer "HTN" What is the danger of using abbreviations? - correct answer Miscommunication. If a provider uses acronyms, abbreviations, or symbols that are not widely known, it can result in miscommunication, which could result the patient's death

Questions And Answers

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct? - correct answer Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited The air you breathe is _____ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _____ oxygen - correct answer 21%, 16% The _____ plane separates the body into left and right halves - correct answer Midsagittal The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae - correct answer 7 Which of the following is not a facial bone? - correct answer Mastoid A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in - correct answer Calcium Skeletal muscle is also called - correct answer Voluntary muscle The firm cartilaginnous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called - correct answer Cricoid cartilage

Questions And Answers

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of - correct answer Beta-1 receptors White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by - correct answer Protecting the body from infection The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except - correct answer Breath holding Which of the following skin layers contain sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings? - correct answer Dermis The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they - correct answer Are located behind the abdominal cavity Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the - correct answer Thyroid gland Which of the following statements regarding the kidney is correct? - correct answer The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance

Questions And Answers

Which of the following conditions would affect the "Q" portion of the V/Q ratio? - correct answer Pulmonary embolism Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle? - correct answer Clavicle, scapula, and humerus Which of the following is a function of the upper airway? - correct answer Warms and humidifies inhaled air Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood? - correct answer Pulmonary artery Which of the following is not a part of the life cycle of sperm? - correct answer Deposited by the seminal vesicles You observe the patient as you approach. He is lying face-up. As you look at the front side of his body, which plane of the body are you observing? - correct answer Coronal After opening the patient's airway and confirming spontaneous respirations, you check for a pulse on his neck just lateral to the trachea.What artery are you palpating? - correct answer Carotid

Questions And Answers

You determine the patient has a strong pulse and perform a rapid assessment. While assessing the lower extremities, you observe marked swelling in the right thigh. What bone is in this location? - correct answer Femur Which of the following substances is the main element that the bone cells use to create a hard and resilient structure? - correct answer Calcium You perform an assessment while en rout to the hospital. You note bruising and instability of the right cheekbone. What is the proper name for this bone? - correct answer Zygoma The larger bone of the forearm at the wrist is the - correct answer Radius The forearm makes up part of the elbow. The elbow is an example of what type of joint? - correct answer Hinge (Pivot better answer) Explain what occurs in the body as a result of respiratory compromise. - correct answer Respiratory compromise is the inability of the body to move gas effectively. It occurs when either ventilation or respiration is impaired. The heart and brain cells cannot survive without a constant supply of oxygen, and will die in minutes.