AAOS EMT Exam 2 Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2023-2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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AAOS EMT Exam 2 Questions With 100%

Correct Answers 2023-

Shock - Correct Answer-inadequate cellular perfusion; hypoperfusion Care of a patient in anaphylaxis (symptoms, priorities, medications, other care?) - Correct Answer-Sever allergic reaction Signs & Symptoms: itching or burning, hives, edema (swelling), pallor, cyanosis, weak pulse, drop in blood pressure Histamine causes reaction Vasodilate, walls permeable, airways restrict Widespread vascular dilation, increased permeability, and bronchoconstriction Give Epinephrine: 0.3 mg, IM Call med control before assisting patient with injection Scene size-up - Correct Answer-• Scene safety

• Scene management -Impact of the environment on patient care -Addressing hazards -Violence -Need for additional or specialized resources -Standard precautions -Multiple-patient situations Primary Assessment - Correct Answer-Primary assessment for all patient situations -Level of Consciousness (LOC) -ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) -Identifying life threats -Assessment of vital functions -Initial general impression -Begin interventions needed to preserve life -Integration of treatment/procedures needed to preserve life Primary Assessment - Correct Answer-Determine Priority of Patient: Only checking for life threats Load and go:

If life threat, decreased level of consciousness, compromised ABCs For Trauma: Rapid Assessment (sweep with hands checking for immediate life threat) Secondary Assessment - Correct Answer-History Taking -Determining chief complaint -MOI/NOI -Associated signs and symptoms -Investigation of Chief Complaint -Past medical history -Pertinent negatives (negative findings that warrant no care or intervention) Secondary Assessment -Perform a rapid full-body scan -Focused assessment of pain -Assessment of vital signs (BP, pulse, O2, respiratory rate & quality) -Physical examination SAMPLE (Secondary Assessment) - Correct Answer-Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications Pertinent past medical history Last oral intake Events leading up to the injury/illness OPQRST (Secondary Assessment) - Correct Answer-Onset of event Provocation or palliation (what makes it worse or better?) Quality (what does it feel like?) Region/radiation (where is pain and does it radiate/spread from site?) Severity Timing (exact time pain started) AVPU - Correct Answer-Level of Consciousness: Alert Verbal Pain Unconscious If unconscious, check breathing/pulse; if there is a pulse, check airway first If slow respiratory rate (7-10): use BVM ABCs ABCs - Correct Answer-Airway

Breathing: Rate, Rhythm, Quality Circulation: skin color, temperature, rate/rhythm/quality of pulse Stomach Quadrants/Regions - Correct Answer-Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ): Stomach, Spleen Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ): Liver Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ): Intestines Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ): Colon, Appendix Thorough Assessment - Correct Answer-Eyes, head, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, etc. Subcutaneous emphysema - Correct Answer-Air trapped under skin, usually in chest Jugular Venous Distention (JVD) - Correct Answer-When checking arteries/veins in neck; check for distention/bulging Check when patient in semi-Fowler position Cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-Compression of the heart caused by blood or fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output Unstable Pelvis - Correct Answer-Palpate inward and downward (apply gentle posterior or downward pressure with the palms of your hands to the iliac crests of) If unstable, likely internal bleeding due to high amount of vessels and arteries. -Treat for shock Treat for Shock - Correct Answer-Warm blankets (from warmer), heat, high-flow oxygen Patient Reassessment - Correct Answer-Stable Patient: 15 minutes Unstable Patient: 5 minutes -Restart Primary assessment -Recheck vitals -How are your interventions working? Causes of Shock - Correct Answer-Pump Failure Poor Vessel Function Low Fluid Volume

Pump Failure - Correct Answer-Cardiogenic shock Obstructive shock (tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism) Poor Vessel Function - Correct Answer-Distributive shock (septic shock, neurogenic shock, anaphylactic shock, psychogenic shock) Low Fluid Volume - Correct Answer-Hypovolemic shock (hemorrhagic shock, non- hemorrhagic shock) Compensated Shock - Correct Answer-The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss. Signs & Symptoms: -Anxiety -Agitation -Restlessness -Feeling of impending doom -Weak, rapid pulse -Pallor/Cyanosis -Shallow, rapid breathing -Nauseau/vomiting -Capillary refill longer than 2 seconds in infants or children -Marked thirst -Narrowing pulse pressure Decompensated Shock - Correct Answer-The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling. Signs & Symptoms: -Falling blood pressure (systolic of 90 mm Hg or lower in adult) -Declining mental status, altered LOC -Labored or irregular breathing -Ashen, mottled, or cyanotic skin -Thready or absent peripheral pulses -Dull eyes, dilated pupils -Poor urinary output Anaphylactic Shock - Correct Answer-Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction. Cardiogenic Shock - Correct Answer-A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions. Distributive Shock - Correct Answer-A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.

Hypovolemic Shock - Correct Answer-A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion. Neurogenic Shock - Correct Answer-Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries. Obstructive Shock - Correct Answer-Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues. Psychogenic Shock - Correct Answer-Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope). Septic Shock - Correct Answer-Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection. Shock - Correct Answer-A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion. Pulse Pressure - Correct Answer-The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure cardiac tamponade - Correct Answer-Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output. Hypoxic drive - Correct Answer-COPDers drive to breathe. It is their lack of oxygen that keeps them trying to breathe. Can kill a COPDer by giving them too much oxygen b/c causes them to lose their hypoxic drive. Hypercapnic drive - Correct Answer-high CO2 levels cause body to breathe in to expel CO2 and increase oxygen Aspirin - Correct Answer-Names: Bayer Action: Anti-platelet, prevent clotting, anti-inflammatory, anti-fever Indications: Relief of mild pain, headache, muscle aches, fever; CHEST PAIN of CARDIAC origin Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, recent bleeding Doses: 160 to 325 mg; chewable tablets

Adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding Route: PO (oral) Epinephrine - Correct Answer-Names: (EpiPen) Action: Stimulates nervous system, cause bronchodilation Indications: Anaphylactic reaction