Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

AAPA ASPC BOC CERTIFICATION EXAM SELF-QUIZ CARDS (PATHOLOGISTS' ASSISTANT CERTIFICATION), Exams of Health sciences

AAPA ASPC BOC CERTIFICATION EXAM SELF-QUIZ CARDS (PATHOLOGISTS' ASSISTANT CERTIFICATION) QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/14/2025

Wanjiruesther
Wanjiruesther 🇰🇪

5

(2)

1.2K documents

Partial preview of the text

Download AAPA ASPC BOC CERTIFICATION EXAM SELF-QUIZ CARDS (PATHOLOGISTS' ASSISTANT CERTIFICATION) and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

AAPA ASPC BOC CERTIFICATION EXAM

SELF-QUIZ CARDS (PATHOLOGISTS'

ASSISTANT CERTIFICATION) QUESTIONS

WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker) Epithelial ovarian cancer PSA (prostate specific antigen) Prostate cancer AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) Hepatocellular CA and germ cell cancers of the ovary and testes CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) Colon cancer HER2/neu Breast cancer (carcinoma) Estrogen receptor Breast carcinoma Calcitonin Medullary thyroid carcinoma Chromogranin A Neuroendocrine tumors

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) Gestational Trophoblastic tumors and some Germ Cell tumors Thyroglobulin Thyroid cancers and thyroid disease S- 100 Melanoma Funisitis Inflammation/infection of the umbilical cord Accreta Partial of complete absence of decidua with adherence of the placenta directly to myometrium Succinturiate Lobes Accessory lobes Circummarginate Placenta extrachorialis with a flat transition from villous to membranous chorion Circumvallate Placenta extrachorialis with a folded or rolled transition from villous to membranous chorion Placental infarct Ischemic necrosis of placenta villi Placental abruption Hemorrhage into the decidua with separation and compression of the placenta Velamentous insertion The cord and umbilical vessels insert into the membrane

Amnion nodosum slightly raised round plaques with a shiny surface that leave a depression when picked off Squamous metaplasia of the amnion raised gray/white plaques which can only be dislodged with difficulty False knot local dilatation of umbilical vessels or masses of Wharton's jelly chorioamnionitis inflammation of the fetal membranes Average female heart weight 250 - 300 g Average male heart weight 300 - 350 g Average kidney weight 150 g Average parathyroid weight 35 - 40 mg Average spleen weight 150 g Average liver weight 1400 - 1600 g Left ventricular wall thickness 1.3-1.5 cm

Right ventricular wall thickness 0.3-0.5 cm Average pancreas weight 90g male, 85g female Average thyroid weight 15 - 20 g Glioma Tumors derived from glial cells including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas Astrocytoma The most common category of glioma tumors which can be well differentiated (astrocytoma) or less differentiated (anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma) Oligodendroglioma 5% to 15% of gliomas. Most common in the fourth and fifth decades found mostly in the cerebral hemispheres with a predilection for white matter. Glioblastoma A less differentiated of high grade astrocytomas with necrosis and vascular or endothelial cell proliferation Medulloblastoma A tumor found predominantly in children and exclusively in the cerebellum. The tumor is often largely undifferentiated. Meningioma Predominantly benign tumors of adults, usually attached to the dura, that arise from the meningothelial cell of the arachnoid.

Metastatic tumors to the brain Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI tract Schwannoma Tumors that arise from the Schwann cell and are associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. They cause local compression of the involved nerve or adjacent structure. Neurofibroma Benign nerve sheath tumor occurring sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type

  1. The most common form occurs in the skin (cutaneous neurofibroma) or in the peripheral nerve (solitary neurofibroma). Tuberous sclerosis An autosomal-dominant syndrome characterized by the development of hamartomas and benign neoplasms involving the brain and other tissues. Macule Flat, circumscribed area of any size distinguished from surrounding skin by coloration. Papule Elevated solid area 5 mm or less in diameter Nodule Elevated solid area more than 5 mm in diameter Plaque Elevated flat-topped area, usually more than 5 mm in diameter Vesicle Fluid-filled raised area 5 mm or less in diameter Bulla

Fluid-filled raised area more than 5 mm in diameter; a large vesicle Blister Common term used for vesicle or bulla Pustule Discrete, pus-filled raised area Scale Dry, horny, platelike excrescence; usually the result of imperfect cornification Lichenification Thickened and rough skin characterized by prominent skin markings; usually the result of repeated rubbing in susceptible persons Excoriation A traumatic lesion characterized by breakage of the epidermis, causing a raw linear area usually due to scratching. atrial septal defect (ASD) Abnormal opening in the atrial septum (left to right shunt) ventricular septal defect (VSD) Incomplete closure of the ventricular septum allowing a shunt from left to right ventricles (most common congenital anomaly) patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) The ductus arteriosus remains open after birth (left to right shunt) Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) Incomplete closure of the AV septum and inadequate formation of the tricuspid and mitral valves (left to right shunt)

Tetrology of Fallot (TOF) Four features:

  1. VSD
  2. obstruction to the right ventricular outflow tract (subpulmonary stenosis)
  3. an aorta that overrides the VSD
  4. right ventricular hypertrophy (right to left shunt). Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) Ventriculoarterial discordance, such that the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery emanates from the left ventricle (right to left shunt). Truncus arteriosus A single great artery that receives blood from both ventricles, accompanied by an underlying VSD, and that gives rise to the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulations (Right to left shunt). Tricuspid Atresia Complete occlusion of the tricuspid valve orifice (right to left shunt). Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) Narrowing or constriction of the aorta. An "infantile" form with tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch proximal to a PDA and an "adult " form in which there is a discrete ridge-like infolding of the aorta, just opposite the closed ductus arteriosus. Pulmonary Stenosis and Atresia Obstruction at the pulmonary valve either as an isolate defect or as part of a more complex anomaly. 46XX Normal female karyotype

46XY

Normal male karyotype 45X Turner Syndrome

  • Streak ovaries
  • Short stature
  • Lymphedema of neck, hands, and feet
  • Hypogonadism in females 47XXY Klinefelter Syndrome
  • Leading cause of male infertility
  • Male hypogonadism 47XY+ Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)- congenital heart defects; Simian crease; mental retardation; predisposition to leukemia. 47XY+ Trisomy 13 - Patau Syndrome - polydactyly, cleft lip and palate, renal defects, microcephaly, rocker-bottom fee 47XY+ Trisomy 18 - Edwards Syndrome - overlapping fingers, renal malformations, rocker-bottom feet, prominent occiput Neimann-Pick disease

Lysosomal Storage Disease - Sphingomyelinase deficiency, extensive neurologic involvement, progressive wasting and early death Tay-Sachs disease Lysosomal Storage Disease - hexosaminidase deficiency, cherry red spot on retina, motor and mental deterioration, common in people with Eastern European origins Gaucher disease Lysosomal Storage Disease - glucocerebrosidase deficiency, most common storage disease, "Gaucher cells" are found in spleen liver and bone marrow. Marfan Syndrome Disorder of connective tissue, tall stature, long tapering fingers, increased risk of aortic dissections and mitral valve prolapse Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) A law passed in 1988 that established quality testing for all laboratory testing to ensure accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of patient test results Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) A government department responsible for regulation relating to general workplace safety and protecting the health of US workers. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) A voluntary organization that accredits more than 80% of US healthcare organizations. The testing standards focus on quality improvement and are designed to promote quality outcomes. The Laboratory Accreditation Program of the College of American Pathologists (LAP-CAP) A voluntary accreditation program that accredits only laboratory testing sites and not the entire healthcare organization. Their philosophy is "that all clinical laboratory testing needs to adhere to the same requirements" and all testing is inspected

Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA) An organization that initially focused on accrediting physician office laboratories. Today they accredit many other types of test sites including those in small hospitals. Their philosophy is one of education and problem solving Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The US agency charged with tracking and investigating public health trends. Their stated mission is "To promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury and disability. American Association of Pathologists' Assistants (AAPA) A not-for-profit volunteer organization of allied health practitioners dedicated to the advocacy and advancement of the pathologists' assistant profession. American Society for Clinical Pathology The world's largest professional membership organization for pathologists and laboratory professionals. Their mission is to provide excellence in education, certification and advocacy on behalf of patients, pathologists and laboratory professionals Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) The primary goal of this act was to make it easier to detect and prosecute fraud and abuse and enable workers of all professions to change jobs without loss or interruption of health insurance protection. Safeguarding patient privacy with respect to health related information was a paramount concern Food and Drug Administration (FDA) A federal agency responsible for monitoring trading and safety standards in the food and drug industries. National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS)

The international agency for accreditation and approval of educational programs in the clinical laboratory sciences and related health professions.