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ABCP BOARD EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH THE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
Typology: Exams
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IABP augmentation is contraindicated in patients with: A: prosthetic aortic valves B: aortic insufficiency C: VSDs D: peripheral atherosclerosis Correct Answer B The posterior intercostal arteries divide into an anterior and posterior branch, the anterior branch gives off to all of the following except: A: esophageal B: collateral intercostal C: lateral cutaneous D: mammary branch Correct Answer A Vessel layer with tough white connective (collagen) tissue with some elastic fibers. Correct Answer Tunica Adventitia
T/F: Generally speaking, more arteries deliver blood to an organ than veins drain the same organ Correct Answer False Is the azygous vein located on the right or left side of the spinal column? Correct Answer Right The advantage of continuous warm blood cardioplegia is: A: increased oxygen delivery B: significantly decreased myocardial oxygen tension C: a shift of the oxygen dissociation curve to the left D: lower myocardial oxygen consumption Correct Answer A The space between the axon collaterals of one or more neurons and the dendrite of another neuron is called what? Correct Answer Synapse The autonomic nervous system is divided into three divisions, which of these is not included? A: cranial B: peritoneal C: thoracolumbar D: cervical Correct Answer B
It has been theorized that there are two types of adrenergic receptors; ____________ and ______________ receptors. Correct Answer Alpha and Beta The EKG records activation of all of the following except: A: atria B: activation of the septum C: activation of the ventricles D: calcified valve Correct Answer D What is the easiest way to diagnose a cardiac problem? Correct Answer Physical Exam Which method of diagnosis is superior in revealing the size and shape of the heart and its relationship to the chest? A: physical examination B: EKG C: chest x-ray D: cardiac catheterization Correct Answer C What is the name for the most popular technique to insert a catheter? Correct Answer Seldinger technique
Normal O2 saturation in the PA is ____________. Correct Answer 70 - 80% Normally, the site with the lowest O2 saturation would be the ____________. Correct Answer SVC T/F: The SVC has a lower venous saturation than the IVC Correct Answer True Catheterization of the left heart is more difficult than the right - all of the following techniques have been utilized except: A: percutaneous needle puncture of the LA B: percutaneous needle puncture of the LV C: percutaneous needle puncture through the Aorta D: retrograde catheterization Correct Answer C Which of the following best corresponds to the equation for cardiac output? (aside from BSA x CI) (done during a cardiac cath procedure) Correct Answer CO = (O2 consumption) / (arterial O content - venous O2 content) __________ ____________ _____________ __________ is a technique used to dilated stenosed coronary arteries with the inflation of a small balloon located at the tip of a catheter. Correct Answer Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PCTA)
It has been documented that ________ percent of patients who underwent PCTA eventually required coronary bypass because of angioplasty failure. Correct Answer 35.5% Which shows a sign of dysfunction? A: wedge pressure >10mmHg mean B: aortic systolic pressure <140mmHg C: SVC <6mmHg D: IVC O2 saturation 75-85% Correct Answer A What is the name of a congenital defect in which there is an opening between the aorta near the aortic valve and PA? Correct Answer Aortopulmonary Window A ___________ of the aorta is a constriction which may vary from slight to complete occlusion. Correct Answer Coarctation All of the following are symptoms of coarctation expect what? A: hypotension B: frank congestive heart failure C: exertional dyspnea D: HTN Correct Answer A
What is the most common site of a coarctation of the aorta? Correct Answer Just distal to the subclavian artery Which of the following in NOT a characteristic of a Left to Right Shunt? A: dyspnea B: fatigue C: growth D: diminished growth Correct Answer C What is the connection made with a Fontan procedure? Correct Answer RA to PA Which type of ASD is most common? Correct Answer Ostium secundum Which of the following can contribute to heparin resistance? A: obese patients B: inflammatory disease C: aprotinin therapy D: Factor VIII deficiency Correct Answer B
All of the following may prolong and ACT except: A: hemodilution B: thrombocytopenia C: operative stress (post sternotomy) D: hypothermia Correct Answer C If pulmonary blood flow is low, the symptoms would suggest a _________ to _________ shunt. Correct Answer Right to Left Two procedures to help correct pulmonary stenosis or atresia are: A: Fontan or Rastelli B: Fontan or Glenn C: Rastelli or Glenn D: Glenn or BT Shunt Correct Answer A What are the 3 potential ways by which inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain by occur during CPB? Correct Answer Global or Regional Cerebral Hypoperfusion Macroembolization Microembolization
What is the name for an abnormally low RBC count? Correct Answer Anemia What is the shape of an RBC? Correct Answer Biconcave disc Which of the following is the most common leukocyte in the blood? A: neutrophils B: eosinophils C: basophils D: lymphocytes Correct Answer A (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas) ___________ is a term that describes leukocytes passing through capillary pores into the body tissues Correct Answer Diapedesis ____________ is a term that describes the chemical attraction of certain cells to an area of invasion Correct Answer Chemotaxis various functions of platelets involve participation in or initiation of _____________ mechanisms Correct Answer Hemostatic For perfusion purposes, the rule of thumb for blood volume in peds is ______cc/kg Correct Answer 90cc/kg
T/F: Type O plasma contains no agglutinins and therefore can be transfused to any blood type Correct Answer False T/F: Blood with a 15g hemoglobin will transport approximately 20mL of oxyhemoglobin Correct Answer True (15g x 1.34mL = 20.10mL O2 in the form of oxyhemoglobin) What breaks down fibrinogen? Correct Answer Plasmin Lymph re-enters the general circulation at a rate of ______mL per hour Correct Answer 125 Numerous surfaces can activate platelets and cause them to adhere to surfaces, all of these are examples of this except: A: negative charge B: exposed collagen C: foreign material D: wettable surfaces Correct Answer A Which of the following effects is not a result of the complement split product C5a? A: mass cell degranulation
B: chemotaxis of neutrophils C: lysosomal enzyme release D: membrane lysis Correct Answer D What is the total oncotic pressure of an average capillary? Correct Answer 28mmHg ______________ is the intermittent contraction and relaxation of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters. It is responsible for controlling blood flow though the capillary. Correct Answer Vasomotion It is said that there are approximately how many capillaries in the normal adult? A: 3.6 billion B: 3.6 million C: 300, D: 30,600A Correct Answer A What is the approximate effective hydrostatic pressure at the arterioles end of the capillary? A: - 7mmHg B: 32mmHg
C: 17mmHg D: 25mmHg Correct Answer B T/F: The starling hypothesis states that under normal condition there is a state of near equilibrium of the mean forces determining fluid movement through the capillary membrane. Correct Answer True More than half of the lymph is derived from what? Correct Answer Liver and intestines The mean effective hydrostatic pressure and the mean effective osmotic pressure results in a slight ____________ (excess/deficit) of fluid and plasma protein movement into the ____________________ (capillary space/interstitial space). Correct Answer Excess, interstitial space From Poiseuille's Law, pressure equals flow multiplied by what? Correct Answer Resistance The bodies 2 main lymphatic drainage vessels are: A: right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct B: left lymphatic duct and right lymphatic duct C: cervical and thoracic ducts D: axial and appendicular ducts Correct Answer A
T/F: Fluid does not flow through a tube uniformly, it flows in concentric layers. Correct Answer True What is it called when the heart is failing to pump blood into the aorta under sufficient pressure? A: shock B: heart failure C: heart attack D: ischemic disease Correct Answer A Which of the following is not one of the 3 broad areas used to describe shock? A: hypovolemic B: bacteremic C: circulatory D: cardiogenic Correct Answer C (bacteremic is another name for septic) Technically, a cardiac cycle begins at the end of: A: atrial systole
B: atrial diastole C: ventricular diastole D: ventricular systole Correct Answer D The P wave of an EKG represents what event? Correct Answer Atrial systole __________ Law of the Heart states that the heart will automatically eject all of the blood that enters in over a broad range of volumes. Correct Answer Starling Which of these does the right vagus nerve innervate? A: AV node B: Bundle of His C: SA node D: None of the Above Correct Answer C T/F: Vagal nerve stimulation causes inhibition of the SA and/or AV node, causing slower heart rate and decreasing contraction. Correct Answer True Which of the following buffer bases is found in both the plasma and erythrocytes?
A: organic phosphates B: inorganic phosphates C: hemoglobin D: plasma proteins Correct Answer B The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called what? Correct Answer Pulse Pressure If pressor receptors in the carotid or aortic sinuses are triggered, which of the following is NOT an expected response? A: vasodilation B: decreased HR C: decreased BP D: increased SVR Correct Answer D ___________________ is defined as the pressure exerted by any one gas in a mixture of gases or in a liquid. Correct Answer Partial Pressure What percent of oxygen carried in blood is dissolved in the water of plasma and cells? A: 3% B: 9%
D: 16% Correct Answer A The majority of CO2 in the blood is carried in which form? Correct Answer Bicarbonate ions O2 content/O2 capacity = what? Correct Answer O2 saturation The partial pressure of water vapor in alveolar air is ________mmHg. Correct Answer 47mmHg During hypothermia, which of the following is true? A: less O2 is released to the tissues B: less O2 is available to the tissues C: More O2 is released to the tissues D: O2 content and delivery are unaffected Correct Answer A Carbon dioxide is _______ times more soluble than oxygen. Correct Answer 20x High gas flow:blood flow ratios result in: A: hypercapnia
B: proper oxygenation C: hemolysis D: hypoxia Correct Answer C Hypothermia causes all of the following except: A: left shift of the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve B: decreased metabolic rate C: decreased pCO D: decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen Correct Answer D Rank the correct order from the greatest to the least gas percentage in atmospheric air: O2, CO2, nitrogen, water Correct Answer Nitrogen (78%), O2 (20%), water (1%), CO2 (0.03%) What is the normal plasma volume of a 70kg adult man? A: 12 liters B: 3 liters C: 5 liters D: 10 liters Correct Answer B The most important buffer system in the body is the ______________ system. Correct Answer Bicarbonate
What is the form of energy that facilitates the active transport of sodium across the membrane? Correct Answer ATP The positions of the V1 positive electrode for the chest or precordial lead is located where in the patient? A: 4th intercostal space, right sternal border B: 4th intercostal space, left sternal border C: equal distance between V2 and V D: 5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line Correct Answer A The VDD pacing system does what? A: paces the atrium B: senses only the ventricles C: senses only the atrium D: pacing the ventricles Correct Answer D __________ is used to treat excessive bleeding from systemic hyperfibrinolysis Correct Answer Amicar What drug inhibits the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin? Correct Answer Amicar
What is the normal dosage for neo-synephrine? Correct Answer 0.1-0.5mg intravenously Name a drug that causes vasodilation through beta-adrenergic actions and alpha-adrenergic blockage. A: xylocaine B: digoxin C: timolide D: phenothiazine Correct Answer D ____________ is the most important extracellular electrolyte in maintaining fluid balance. Correct Answer Sodium Which of the following is NOT a process that calcium is involved in? A: muscle contraction B: muscle tone C: water retention D: coagulation Correct Answer C What is the minimum priming volume for a 3/8" tubing? Correct Answer 21.71 cc/ft
In order to use a 1/2" venous line, the patient should be above ______kg. Correct Answer 65kg The purpose of the cardiotomy is to filter and ___________ suctioned blood. Correct Answer Defoam All of the following are purposes of the cardiotomy reservoir except: A: holder for excess blood volume B: removes pump sucker blood C: filters suctioned blood D: defoams suctioned blood Correct Answer B T/F: vent cannulation through the RSPV may permit air into the left heart if the sump is removed after the heart resumes beating. Correct Answer True Pressure produced by a liquid is referred to as ___________ pressure. Correct Answer Hydrostatic T/F: Barbiturates are employed by most centers along with DHCA to augment cerebral protection during intracranial surgery cases. Correct Answer True
What substance is responsible for defoaming the blood/what is the defoaming agent used in cardiotomies? Correct Answer Antifoam A Suctioning is responsible for what percent of hemolysis? A: 5-10% B: 50% C: 95% D: 30% Correct Answer C How many microns are gas filters? Correct Answer 0.2 microns How do you test the occlusion on a roller pump? Correct Answer Hold the fluid column 30 inches above the roller pump and look for a drop rate of 1cm/min How much more energy does it take to produce pulsatile perfusion compared to non-pulsatile perfusion? Correct Answer 2.3x more energy Which of the following has been suggested to be a benefit of pulsatile perfusion?
A: increased TPR B: increased kidney function C: increased arterial blood pressure D: increased metabolism Correct Answer B A properly set roller pump is: A: just occlusive B: just nonocclusive C: completely occlusive D: no occlusion Correct Answer A In term of mg, the customary heparinizing dose is: A: 10mg/kg B: 5mg/kg C: 1mg/kg D: 3mg/kg Correct Answer D T/F: The necessary flow rate to perfuse the tissues is determined by the ratio of the amount of oxygen needed to the oxygen content in the blood Correct Answer True
Which organ can be easily protected by having an LV vent present? A: Liver B: Brain C: Lungs D: Kidneys Correct Answer C Which of the following fits the hemodynamic criteria for an LVAD? A: a CI of 1.8-2.0 B: a pulmonary artery wedge pressure greater than 10-20mmHg C: a MAP less than 80mmHg D: a MAP less than 70mmHg despite maximal medical therapy excluding IABP Correct Answer A Spontaneous arrest occurs when the myocardial temp falls to what degree C? Correct Answer 10 - 20 degrees C T/F: between 1 and 6 volts of 60 cycle current are sufficient enough to cause continual ventricular fibrillation. Correct Answer True What is normal resting coronary blood flow? Correct Answer 250cc/min
Which of the following is not a complication seen from the use of coronary perfusion for myocardial protection? A: subendocardial hemorrhagic necrosis B: coronary artery laceration C: dislodgement of arteriosclerotic material D: pulmonary edema Correct Answer D The driving pressure will cause gas to diffuse from a high pressure to what? A: low pressure B: nothing C: same D: volume Correct Answer A Coronary blood flow is about what percentage of cardiac output? A: 4-5% B: 1-2% C: 10-12% D: 5-8% Correct Answer A
Which of the following is a physiologic effect of IAB counterpulsation? A: increased CI B: increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure C: decreased stroke index D: decreased systemic diastolic BP Correct Answer A T/F: As temperature increases, pressure drop increases Correct Answer False Which of the following mechanical complications was reported as the most common in neonatal ECMO circuits? A: clots in blood path B: oxygenator failure C: cannula problems D: air in circuit Correct Answer A Where would the cross clamp be placed when repairing a descending aortic dissection? A: proximal to the innominate artery B: between the innominate artery and the left carotid artery
C: between the left carotid artery and the left subclavian artery D: distal to the left subclavian artery Correct Answer D Which of the following is not a situation which would result in diminished balloon waveforms during IABP therapy? A: balloon malposition B: hypervolemia C: decreased volume of driving gas to balloon D: patient is no longer balloon dependent Correct Answer B Which point in pregnancy does a woman have the greatest risk of a dissecting aneurysm? Correct Answer Third trimester With a flow of 4L/min and a reservoir level of 1L what will be the reaction time? Correct Answer 15 seconds What is the greatest hazard with a with exchanger? Correct Answer water to blood leak T/F: Arteriosclerosis decreases arterial compliance causing increased pulse pressure. Correct Answer True For a 70kg man, the normal plasma volume is _________ and the normal interstitial fluid volume is __________.