ABCTE MSE EXAM 1 QUESTION AND ANSWERS, Exams of Advanced Education

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ABCTE MSE EXAM 1

What is Reflection - A form of transformation that changes the object's orientation; top, bottom, left, right. This creates a mirror image Best method for showing the high and low temp for a city over a 12 month period? - color-coded bar graph What is a Venn diagram useful for? - Map logical relationships What is a pie chart most commonly used for? - Comparing percentages. What does the right-facing horseshoe shape indicate? - The numbers or values are a proper subset of the overarching set. What instrument would help you precisely measure an angle? - A Protractor What is the mode? - The number or numbers that occur most often in the data set. What is the mean? - The average of the number set. What is the Median? - The middle number or the average of the 2 middle numbers. What is the range of a number set? - Subtract the smallest from the largest number in the set. How many more faces does a cube have than a triangular pyramid? - 2 What are syllogisms? - Deductive reasoning strategies composed of major premise, minor premise, and a conclusion. What is inductive reasoning - Bases conclusions on specific examples and can sometimes not be logically valid. In the hydrologic cycle, which process transforms liquid to gas? - Evaporation - a physical change; it turns water into a gaseous state In the hydrologic cycle, which process turns gas to liquid? - Condensation. In the hydrologic cycle, which process turns solid to gas? - Sublimation (like when dry ice "smokes") In the hydrologic cycle, which process turns gas to liquid? - precipitation What is climate? - The overall weather pattern over time in a certain region.

What does "biotic" mean? - the living elements in a biome - plants, mammals, insects What does abiotic mean? - non-living element in a biome - pond, rain, sunlight. What is the purpose of the scientific method? - To use observation to test hypotheses and make predictions. What is the scientific method based on? - observation and the replication of results; hypotheses are formed and tested, with the hope that a theory can be created from the cycle of tested hypotheses. According to Darwin's idea of natural selection... - Populations pass down traits that help them adapt to their environment. 19th century scientist George Mendel believed that... - The emergence of one trait will not affect the emergence of another. How many planets in our solar system are known to have rings? - 4 - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Give an example of the rain shadow effect: - A town on the leeward side of the mountain receives little annual rainfall. Leeward side - Side of the mountain protected from the wind. What is the rain shadow effect? - Mountains push moist air to higher altitudes where it cools, and water vapor condenses to form rain or snow that only falls on the windward side. Can the gemstone sapphire be scratched by quartz? Why? - No, because it is a variety of corundum, which ranks a very high 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Quartz is a 7 on the scale. Where is lignite on the Mohs scale of hardness? - It is a very soft form of coal, so it is low. Where is talc on the Mohs scale of hardness? - It is a 1; it can be scratched with your fingernail. The liver is an organ in the ____________ system? - Digestive. The liver provides bile and other enzymes for the digestion of dietary fats. What are the rectus abdominus? - Muscles of the torso.

Where is the pituitary gland located, and what does it do? - It is located in the brain and it secretes a variety of hormones. Intense heat and pressure transform limestone into what? - Marble. What kind of rock is limestone? - Sedimentary rock. Anthracite is a form of what? - Coal. What is formica? - A man-made materiel invented in 1913. What is halite? - rock salt Would xenon be a good choice to fill a balloon with? - It wouldn't hurt anything, but xenon is heavier than air. What gas would be dangerous to fill a balloon with? - Hydrogen. It is highly reactive. Would nitrogen be a good choice to fill a balloon with? - It wouldn't hurt anything but it would approximate the weight of air and look like a "tired" helium balloon. Neutrals have a pH value of - greater than 7 to 14 If a substance is corrosive to metal and turns litmus paper red, it is _________ - an acid. Acids have characteristics of being sour, like lemon juice and vinegar. If a substance feels slippery and turns litmus paper blue it is ________ - a base. Examples are baking soda and ammonia. Acids have a pH value of - 0 - 6 Battery acid is at 0. what features are only found in plant cells? - cell wall and chloroplasts. Neutrals have a pH value of - zero. water, for example. Animal cells have _____ instead of cell walls? - cell membranes Why don't animal cells need chloroplasts for photosynthesis? - Because animals do not get their energy from light. What factor would hinder the normal development of a plant? - Stress - from things like soil conditions and restricted growing space would stunt plant growth. What was Darwin's major contribution to the scientific world? - Natural Selection (along with Alfred Russell Wallace)

What was Linnaeus' major contribution to the scientific world? - Taxonomic classification (he was an 18th century Swedish scientist) He laid the foundation for our hierarchical scheme for classifying plants and animals. What was Mendeleev's major contribution to Science? - He devised an early version of the periodic table. What was Mendel's scientific contribution? - He was a forefather in the field of genetics. What is the proper sequence in the water cycle? - Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection. which instrument would be useful in studying weather? - Anemometer Which instrument would be useful in measuring wind speed? - Anemometer Which instrument would be useful in measuring blood pressure? - Sphygmomanometer Which instrument would be useful in measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes? - Calorimeter Which instrument would be useful in measuring electric current running through its coil?

• Galvanometer Metaphase occurs during what? - Mitosis - the process of cell division, usually divided into 4 phases. What is Metaphase? - The second part of mitosis in which the spindle fibers line up the chromosomes in the middle of the cell. What is photosynthesis? - The process by which plants use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into stored energy or food. Why is photosynthesis perhaps the most important function on earth? - Because it is responsible for the creation of an environment suitable for humans and other species to survive. What is Mitosis? - Cell division What is meiosis? - Cell reproduction. In cells, what is respiration? - The process whereby cells created energy from food. What is an example of exothermic process through chemical reaction? - A candle flame burning.

What is the exothermic process? - Releases heat and causes the temperature of the immediate surrounding to rise. Explain the endothermic process. - The process absorbs heat and cools the surroundings. What is a key to classifying if a process is exothermic or endothermic? - Note how the temperature of the surroundings changes. What are some nonrenewable energy sources? - Coal, natural gas, and oil. What classifies something as a nonrenewable energy source? - They are not replenished as fast as they are used. What are some renewable energy sources? - Wind, solar and biomass. What is biomass energy? - It comes from burning waste products that come in the form of wood, crops, algae and other materials. When white light passes through a prism, what is the results? - Light is broken apart into the colors of the visible light spectrum. What is it called when light is broken apart into the colors of the light spectrum? - Refraction. (it is bent) Red light is bent LESS than the other colors of light which is why it is above the other colors of the rainbow which are bent more and more as they move towards violet light. What is the formula for distance? - d = rt which of the 4 states of matter cannot change volume? - Solids. A solid keeps its shape unless it is broken. If it DOES change its SHAPE... if it's broken, the VOLUME doesn't change. It is the only state of matter that cannot be compressed. What best describes a black hole? - A region of space-time where gravity is so strong that not even light can escape. What is an effective means to measure a students fluency level? - The student reads a grade-level text while the teacher measures the child's expression to gauge how individual words and meaningful phrases are read. What should students do first when asked to write an essay? - Free write - this allows students to gather ideas and determine what is important to them. Steps in the writing process? - Free write, outline, draft, edit, publish.

Explain Jargon: - A specialized vocabulary, usually understood by a group of people who share a vocation or similar interest. Explain Dialect: - Regional version of a language. Explain Patois: - A regional version of a language. Explain Argot: - A version of language shared by criminals. What is interpretive writing? - Writing that helps the reader understand an event, story, or topic. UNDERSTAND is the key word.(interpret) What is expository writing? - Writing that is used to explain, describe, or give information about a topic. What is persuasive writing? - Writing that attempts to convince the reader What is narrative writing? - A genre of writing that tells a story from the writers imagination or experience. What is Scanning? - Technique employed when looking for a specific word or phrase. What is Skimming? - Rapidly reviewing the text to gain a general sense of the content. What is an example of someone showing Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills? (BICS) - Jose chatting with friends during lunch. BICS important steps in language acquisition. What strategy is most effective in helping a 1st grader become a better writer? - Providing feedback and praise in a post-writing conference. What is the heart of the alphabetic principle? - Making the connection between phonemes and graphemes .... "D" is repeated in a song to show that "D" in the word dog makes the same sound as in dinosaur and dirt. ad lazarum - an argument which exploits the belief that the poor are innately wise. ad hominem - argument that focuses on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. red herring - argument that introduces irrelevant information to distract from the issue at hand. ad nauseum - argument that relies on repetition.

Why would the word "closet" be a challenge for a first grader to read? - It has 2 syllables and is difficult to "sound out" What is the best definition for the word "maladroit?" - Inept - because the Latin prefix mal - means "bad," as in the words malpractice and malevolence. Inept has the prefix "in" which also has a negative impact on words such as incomplete and insoluble. Why is the following not punctuated correctly? The directions on the screen reminded me to log-out. - "Log-out" is not used as an adjective in this construction; therefore, a hyphen is not needed between two words. When searching for information on the internet, why is it important to use quotation- mark-enclosed phrases in a search engine? - It will find the most pertinent information and will help students narrow their investigation. Why is it important to "read with expression and great emphasis on punctuation" when reading with young readers? - Reading aloud as students follow along in the text is a great way for students to learn the correlation between the page and the sounds. Fluency not only concerns speed, but expression, accuracy, and a knowledge of punctuation and how it affects the text. What is the structure and purpose of a fable? - They teach a lesson about abstract moral ideas, wisdom, and foolishness, and make them concrete through characters and events. What is the structure and purpose of a myth? - A story that explains the creation of a people. What is the structure of a fairy tale? - A tale of some length involving magic and adventures woven around a virtue, but tends to be lengthy and involve feats of magic. What describes the structure of a legend? - Stories of human heroes and their incredible exploits. When measuring fluency with understanding a student in 4th grade should have an average reading rate of how many standard words per minute? - 149 When measuring fluency with understanding a student in 2nd grade should have an average reading rate of how many standard words per minute? - 120 When measuring fluency with understanding a student in 6th grade should have an average reading rate of how many standard words per minute? - 177 When measuring fluency with understanding a student in 7th grade should have an average reading rate of how many standard words per minute? - 191

What is one component of a complete and comprehensive phonics program? - Systematic phonics instruction with focus on phonemes. What are synonyms for the word "MARCH?" - Parade, progress, stride. As a verb, MARCH means to move forward with long steps in a vigorous manner. Parade and stride are synonyms of the verb form. As a noun, MARCH means forward movement, so progress is a reasonable synonym. Expository writing is - Subject-oriented and contains facts and information using little dialogue. The word ibid means - in the same place. It is Latin. Authors use this convention when writing end notes and bibliographies in order to avoid having to rewrite lengthy citations. What is characteristic of expository writing? - Subject-oriented with little dialogue. Expository text is written to inform, to explain, to describe, to present information, or to persuade. Narrative writing - Person-oriented and based on life experiences. argumentative writing - impassioned Instructive writing - contains step-by-step directions Homonym - Words that are spelled the same, and in most instances sound the same, but have different meanings. (bear) Synonym - Words that mean similar things (eradicate and obliterate) Antonym - words that mean the opposite of one another. (high and low) In literature, what is the plot? - The series of events that moves the narrative along. What genre is associated with the literary term roman a clef - Fiction. It is a text based on actual events and historical figures but presented with a fictional façade. In literature, what is the setting? - Describes a place, historical period, time of day, and other relevant information for the story. It gives the reader a sense of where the story is taking place. In literature, what is the Motive? - It explains why characters do certain things. In literature, who is the antagonist? - The "bad guy" who opposes the protagonist in the story.

What are examples of classic "coming of age" novel scenarios? - First kiss, first love, first loss. A phoneme - The smallest unit of sound that can be distinct from one another. Indicated in print by the surrounding slashes. By the end of second grade, an emerging reader should be able to - decode and read a large number of words with one and two syllables. What is pragmatics? - The study of how language works in specific situations. "Speaker meaning" is part of that - what is he trying to say? Analytic phonics - Whole-word phonics, is the whole-to-part approach to word study. Synthetic phonics - part-to-whole approach to word study. What are students taught in the Analytic phonics approach? - Teaching sight words and their relevant phonics generalizations, with the belief that this knowledge is then applied to other words. What are students taught in Synthetic approach? - First taught sounds represented by letters, so later they are able to form phonetic generalizations. The Latin prefix ferr means - iron the Latin prefix circum means - around - circumference the Latin prefix cred means - belief, credence, credit, credo, credible the Latin prefix dyna means - power... dynamite What is an example of a systematic approach to phonics instruction? - Programs that emphasize letter-sound relationships (phonics) in known words with minimal isolation. Which is considered a cause of the outbreak of WWII in both Asia and Europe? - The rise of nationalism. Before WWII, nationalist movements gained power in Germany, Italy, and Japan (soon to be the three major Axis powers) What is a key idea of the Declaration of Independence? - Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. Why did the Declaration of Independence come about? - The 13 British colonies in North America wanted to govern themselves and laid out their list of grievances against the British in this document.

What contributed to the model of representative democracy that served as the foundation for the government of the United States? - The Athenian Democracy of ancient Greece What is plutocracy? - "Rule by the rich" and it is contrary to the ideal of a representative democracy. what is deliberative democracy supported by Jurgen Habermas? - a system of democracy which calls for decision-making based on a thorough debate among citizenry. What contributed to the start of the Vietnam War? - The Geneva Peace Accords signed by France and Vietnam. It ended the war in Indeochina, but set the stage for war in Vietnam by dividing Vietnam in two. What were some feature of the Vietnam War after it began? - The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the Paris Peace Agreement. What was a key event of the Korean War? - The invasion at Inchon. Which amendment officially abolished slavery in the Constitution? - The 13th, ratified in December 1865 "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except for punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Which Ammendment? - 13th Amendment What is "simple interest?" - based on the amount of the principle only. Multiply the principle by simple interest rate which will yield the new principle. What is annual compound interest rate? - based on the principle and the amount of interest earned. Which economist wrote the following? " It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest." - Adam Smith, "Inquiry into the Nature and the cause of the Wealth of Nations" 1776 "Inquiry into the Nature and the cause of the Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith suggested what? - People's interest in their own economic gain is what will provide a strong and stable economy. Which religious leader helped bridge the communications between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War? - Pope John Paul II

How did Pope John Paul II help out during the cold war between the Soviet Union and the United States? - During the mid 1980s, he participated in talks between Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet Leader, and US President Ronald Reagan. He is credited with playing a pivotal role in the breakdown of the communist Soviet regime. What is Plato known for? - Philosophical dialogues. He was Aristotle's teacher. What is Aristotle known for? - The structure of ancient drama; he penned his Poetics, an examination of the structure and origin of Greek tragedy. What are Lao Tzu and Asoka known for? - They are prominent Asian figures known for their concern with philosophy and government. What Depression-era development marked a significant change in the way the United States government conducted business? - Deficit spending. Hoover felt this was prohibitively risky, while Roosevelt believed it necessary in order to offer immediate relief from the Depression. When the President of the United States is tried for impeachment in the Senate, which officer of government presides over the trial? - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Who is the President of the Senate? - The Vice President of the United States. The Mississippi River flows through which states? - It begins in Minnesota, then flows through or along the borders of Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. What is "Manifest Destiny?" - The phrase used by US Leaders in the 1840s to explain the desire of continental expansion. It was "destiny" to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific. What was "suffrage?" - The movement in the late 1800s for women to have the right to vote. It concluded with the passage of the 19th amendment. What was the Open Door Policy? - It sought to establish equal trading rights for all nations trading in China. What was the New Deal? - Started by FDR during the depression of the 1930s What was Manifest Destiny fueled by? - high birthrate, increase in immigration, two recent economic depressions, and opportunities for new commerce. What document, written in 1215, limited the power of government in England and is considered a prelude to modern constitutional law? - Magna Carta

The Magna Carta is often called the "Cornerstone of Freedom" and is considered the model for the Bill of Rights. What important section had a great impact on US Constitutional law? - The section that prevented the King from imprisoning his subjects without lawful reason. What was the Mayflower Compact? - A way of ensuring that everyone who traveled on the Mayflower to the new world follow the laws the community set out. What are the Federalist Papers? - Written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, after the Constitution was written, to help convince states they should ratify the Constitution. What is the Declaration of Arbroath? - It gave Scotland independence from England in 1320 In 1896 the Supreme Court upheld segregation policies in which landmark case? - Plessy v. Ferguson Describe Plessy v. Ferguson - set the standard of "separate but equal" which meant that as long as there were equal facilities, they could have separate facilities for blacks and whites. Describe Brown v. Board of Education - Supreme court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson with this in 1954 when it determined separate facilities were inherently unequal. The discovery of which natural resource led to an enormous population growth in California? - Gold. Who and where was Gold first discovered in California? - James Marshall found it at Sutter's Mill in January 1845. What role did Frederick Douglass play in the Civil War? - Principle leader of the abolitionist movement. He worked along side President Lincoln in fighting for constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights and other civil liberties for blacks. The Anglo-Powhatan Wars were fought by which group of European Colonists? - Settlers of Jamestown The ritual of auto da fe was a feature of which historical phenomenon? - The Spanish Inquisition. Public execution... repaired the relationship between God and the perpetrator of heresy. The Spanish Inquisition officially ended in 1834. Helen Hunt Jackson published "A Century of Dishonor" in which decade? - 1880s

What did "A Century of Dishonor" assert? - That much of the economic prosperity in the US had resulted from lies, broken treaties, and forced relocations of Native Americans by the federal government. On a relief map, what does the color green usually represent? - Lowlands. Low elevations. On a relief map, what does the color brown and red usually represent? - Mountains, depending on their elevation. Which cultural icon represents the massive of influx of women into the work force during WWII? - Rosie the Riveter... a woman in work clothes flexing her bicep; the caption reading, "We can do it!" The American Revolution preceded what? - The Declaration of Independence. 1776 What were the dates of the Lewis and Clark expedition? - 1804 - 1806 What are the dates of the American Civil War? - 1861 - 1865 What would be a primary source for learning about a historical event? - A newspaper article; primary sources are authoritative documents, preferably eye-witness accounts.