Abdomen ARDMS Review Pathology Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+, Exams of Medicine

Download Abdomen ARDMS Review Pathology Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!

Abdomen ARDMS Review Pathology Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ Denning [Date] [Course title]

What type of thyroid carcinoma is most lethal? A) medullary B) anaplastic C) papillary D) follicular - Answer: B) anaplastic Adrenal hemorrhage is most commonly seen in ________________________. A) adults over 70yrs B) juvenile patients with chromosomal defects C) adults over 50yrs D) newborns - Answer: D) newborns A right renal mass will displace the IVC: A) laterally B) medially C) superiorly D) inferiorly - Answer: B) medially A patient presents with an acute onset of left scrotal pain this morning. The US exam demonstrates small hydrocele and an ellarged body and tail of the epidydimis. there is minimal flow demonstrated in the body and tail but the head appears normal. These findings are most suggestive of: A) focal epididymitis of body and tail B) torsion of epididymal body C) focal epididymitis of the head D) sperm granuloma - Answer: B) torsion of epididymal body ________________________ is the most common malignant neoplasm found in the prostate A) central zone sarcoma B) metastasis

C) adenocarcinoma D) transitional cell carcinoma - Answer: C) adenocarcinoma What is caput medusa? A) tortuous vessels around umbilicus caused by portal HTN B) formation of splenorenal varices C) failure of TIPS shunt D) formation of gastroesophageal varices - Answer: A) tortuous vessels aroubd umbilicus caused by portal HTN Which of the following statements is true regarding retroperitoneal lymph nodes? A) both normal and abnormal lymph nodes exhibit mild posterior shadowing B) normal lymph nodes exhibit posterior enhancement C) abnormal lymph nodes exhibit posterior enhancement D) a lymph node is considered abnormally enlarged once it reaches a maximum dimension of 3 cm - Answer: C) abnormal lymph nodes exhibit posterior enhancement Which of the following foreign body types is visualized on sonography than with radiography? A) rose thorn B) glass C) broken needle D) gravel - Answer: A) rose thorn Tuberculosis and ___________________ will demonstrate similar ultrasound findings in the spleen A) infarction B) hamartoma C) hemangioma D) sarcoidosis - Answer: D) sarcoidosis

A patient presents with a history of fever and vomitting with increased levels of amylase and lipase. While scanning the abdomen you note a complicated cyst in the anterior pararenal space on the left side. These findings are most consistent with: A) splenic aneurysm B) splenic varices C) GI Tract Mass D) pancreatic pseudocyst - Answer: D) pancreatic pseudocyst Grave's disease refers to a type of ___________________. - Answer: hyperthyroidism Which of the following would not be associated with jaundice? A) stone at ampulla of vater B) hepatitis C) sphincter of oddi dysfunction D) mucocele of GB - Answer: D) mucocele of GB Which testicular tumor will cause b-hCG levels to rise but AFP levels will be normal? A) yolk sac tumor B) choriocarcinoma C) embryonal cell carcinoma D) epidermoid cyst - Answer: B) choriocarcinoma _____________________ usually leads to increased levels of b-hCG and AFP. A) yolk sac tumor B) choriocarcinoma C) embryonal cell carcinoma D) epidermoid cyst - Answer: C) embryonal cell carcinoma Which of the following describes how to differentiate adenomyomatosis of the GB from cholesterolosis of the GB?A) Adenomyomatosis is usually a focal process and cholesterolosis is a diffuse process.

B) Adenomyomatosis is usually a diffuse process and cholesterolosis is a focal process. C) the polyps in cholesterolosis do not exhibit the comet tail artifact but polyps with adenomyomatosis do demonstrate the artifact D) the polyps in cholesterolosis do exhibit the comet tail artifact but polyps with adenomyomatosis do not demonstrate the artifact - Answer: C) the polyps in cholesterolosis do not exhibit the comet tail artifact but polyps with adenomyomatosis do demonstrate the artifact Which of the following is commonly associated with contaminated water and causes debris/occlusion within intra-hepatic portal system? A) schistosomiasis B) pyogenic abscess C) amebic abscess D) candidiasis - Answer: A) schistosomiasis Which of the following is NOT a medication that can be used to treat patients with hypothyroidism? A) levothyroxine B) iron supplements C) iodine supplements D) coumadin - Answer: D) coumadin Primary testicular carcinoma is usually ______________ and secondary testicular malignancy is usually _____________. A) heterogeneous, isoechoic B) hypoechoic, isoechoic C) unilateral, bilateral D) hypervascular, hypovascular - Answer: C) unilateral, bilateral Which of the following is not usually treated by surgical intervention? A) pyloric stenosis B) spigelian hernia

C) appendicitis D) inussusception - Answer: D) inussusception Adrenal cortical cancer causes neoplasm formation due to abnormal proliferation of cortical cells. The mass can grow large in size, (_______ cm). It leads to elevated ____________ levels and is associated with _______________ due to high levels of this hormone. Most patients also have ______________ syndrome. - Answer: 6 androgen hirsutism Cushing What is one of the most common findings on a transrectal ultrasound in prostatitis? A) hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area B) heterogeneous gland with hypervascularity C) homogeneous gland with hypovascularity D) multiple microcalcifications - Answer: A) hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area Which of the following is an expected sonographic finding with complete duplication of the collecting system of the kidney? A) circumferential cortex at the upper pole B) circumferential cortex at the upper, mid, and lower poles C) circumferential cortex at the lower pole D) circumferential cortex at the mid pole - Answer: D) circumferential cortex at the mid pole Which of the following is least likely to cause anterior displacement of the aorta? A) mass in left diaphragm crura B) retroperitoneal fibrosis C) spinal mass D) lymphadenopathy - Answer: A) mass in left diaphragm crura

the left and right crura cross just anterior to the aorta and extend to the spine on both sides of the aorta ________________________ causes the development of scar tissue and fibrous plaque formation that usually involves the _________________________ of the penis - Answer: Peyronie Disease tunica albuginea The ________________ lobe of the liver does not normally atrophy with chronic BUdd Chiari syndrome - Answer: caudate Which liver function level is the most sensitive indicator for alcoholism? A) AFP B) AST C) GGTP D) ALT - Answer: C) GGTP gamma glutamyl transpeptidase Acute onset of scrotal pain with a 1cm hypoechoic mass located between testicle and epi head. Normal flow is demonstrated. A) adenomatoid tumor B) seminoma C) sarcoidosis D) torsion of the appendix testis - Answer: D) torsion of the appendix testis Which of the following is potential collateral pathway formed in patients with cirrhosis? A) blood moves away from emissary veins and into the umbilical vein B) blood moves away from the coronary and short gastric veins into the esophageal veins C) blood moves from the gastric vein into the splenic vein D) blood moves from the splenic vein into the coronary vein - Answer: B) blood moves away from the coronary and short gastric veins into the esophageal veins

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause for: A) renal failure B) acute pancreatitis C) chronic pancreatitis D) cholecystitis - Answer: C) chronic pancreatitis Which is the following is a cause of parasitic cholangitis? A) biliary ascariasis B) ulcerative colitis C) HIV infection D) gram neg bacteria - Answer: A) biliary ascariasis If pneomobilia is suspected, visualization of what acoustic artifact would support that diagnosis? A) slice thickness B) ring down C) range resolution D) posterior enhancement - Answer: B) ring down The diaphragm sign, displaced crus sign, and bare area sign are indicative of what abnormality? A) ascites B) pneumonia C) diaphragmatic hernia D) pleural effusion - Answer: D) pleural effusion Chronic moderate congestive heart failure can cause this tributary of the IVC to be visualized sonographically due to the formation of a collateral pathway. A) coronary vein B) portal vein

C) azygous vein D) umbilical vein - Answer: C) azygous vein Which of the following is a common cause of transudate pleural effusion? A) CHF B) pneumonia C) malignancy D) tuberculosis - Answer: A) CHF The most common extra-testicular neoplasm is: A) AV malformation B) lipoma C) hamartoma D) adenomatoid tumor - Answer: D) adenomatoid tumor Splenic torsion is most commonly associated with: A) ectopic spleen B) Gaucher disease C) accessory spleen D) asplenia - Answer: A) ectopic spleen Which of the following statements best describes the appearance of color Doppler evaluation of a testicular abscess? A) there will be focal areas of increased vascularity in the central abscess and limited color flow demonstrated at the periphery of the abscess B) Due to fluid accumulation with inflammation, color Doppler does not usually demonstrate flow around or within an abscess. C) There will be significant increase in vascularity within the abscess due to inflammation

D) There will be no color flow demonstrated centrally with increased color flow displayed around the periphery of the abscess. - Answer: D) There will be no color flow demonstrated centrally with increased color flow displayed around the periphery of the abscess. The ______________ zone is the prostate zone most commonly affected by BPH. A) peripheral B) paraprostatic C) central D) transitional - Answer: D) transitional What is sonographic appearance of psudomyxoma peritonei? A) mucinous secretions and tumor formation within abdomen that cause the liver to be pushed inferiorly against the diaphragm B) mucinous secretions and tumor formation within the lower abdomen cause bowel to be matted down against posterior abdomen wall C) multiple echogenic foci throughout the abdominal wall D) multiple echogenic foci throughout the psoas muscle - Answer: B) mucinous secretions and tumor formation within the lower abdomen cause bowel to be matted down against posterior abdomen wall What type of GB disease is more common in males and diabetic patients? A) chronic cholecystitis B) emphysematous cholecystitis C) GB perforation D) cholangitis - Answer: B) emphysematous cholecystitis Which of the following Doppler findings is most consistent with uncomplicated epididymo-orchitis? A) high resistance RI 0. B) high resistance RI 1. C) low resistance RI 0. D) low resistance RI 0.8 - Answer: C) low resistance RI 0.

Distal cholangiocarcinoma is most commonly found ______________ and a Klatskin tumor is most commonly found _______________. A) left lobe, right lobe B) extrahepatic CBD near porta hepatis, at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts C) near the dome of the live, in the CBD near the porta hepatis D) at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, outside the liver in the CBD - Answer: B) extrahepatic CBD near porta hepatis, at the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts When diaphragmatic paralysis is suspected: A) The pt. should be evaluated for free air in the abdomen B) thick linear calcification form in the affected side C) the diaphragmatic thickness should be measured during inspiration and expiration D) pt should be evaluated for free air in duct - Answer: C) the diaphragmatic thickness should be measured during inspiration and expiration Which of the following is not a sonographic appearance of prostatitis? A) Increased vascularity seen with color Doppler B) increased gland size C) heterogeneous gland D) solid hypoechoic mass - Answer: D) solid hypoechoic mass When a pancreas transplant has enteric drainage: A) bowel should be evaluated for obstruction B) urinary bladder should be evaluated for abnormalities C) allograft will be located in chest D) it is common for stomach to be dilated with pancreatic juices - Answer: A) bowel should be evaluated for obstruction Which of the following statements describes the appearance of a testicular prosthetic on the US image?

A) solid, round structure with homogeneous, hypoechoic texture compared to native teste B) Round structure with reflective borders and an anechoic lumen C) Solid, oblong structure with homogeneous, hypoechoic texture compared to the native teste. D) Homogeneous, hypoechoic structure with sound attenuation posteriorly causing decreased visibility of the posterior borders of the prosthesis - Answer: B) Round structure with reflective borders and an anechoic lumen What is a potentially life threatening complication of portal HTN? A) ascites formation B) pulmonary embolism C) ruptured gastroesophageal varices D) portal embolism - Answer: C) ruptured gastroesophageal varices Which of the following is false regarding differences between ADPKD and MCKD? A) ADPKD affects both kidneys and MCKD usually affects only one kidney B) MCKD is fatal early in life if it is bilateral. ADPKD is usually not fatal but can reduce renal function C) MCKD can be caused by an insult occuring in utero, between 14-18 weeks. ADPKD is an inherited genetic disorder. D) The liver, pancreas, and spleen can also demonstrate cystic changes with MCKD - Answer: D) The liver, pancreas, and spleen can also demonstrate cystic changes with MCKD Most patients with adrenal cortical cancer have associated: A) Conn Disease B) Addison Disease C) Budd Chiari Syndrome D) Cushing Syndrome - Answer: D) Cushing Syndrome "C"--cortical, Cushing The most common parasitic infection in humans is:

A) schistosomiasis B) hydatid disease C) pneumocystis carinii D) hepatits - Answer: A) schistosomiasis Chronic infection in ST organs typically leads to: A) multiple aneurysms B) cavernous transformation C) small bowel obstruction at duodenum resulting in fecalith formation around head of pancreas D) systemic hypertension - Answer: A) multiple aneurysms A lab report demonstrates that a testicular tumor contains choriocarcinoma cells and embryonal cell carcinoma. Which of the following describes the tumor? A) seminomatous tumor B) mixed germ cell tumor C) mature teratoma D) metastatic tumor - Answer: B) mixed germ cell tumor Which of the following describes the Doppler appearance of liver transplant rejection? A) mottled appearance of liver w/ascites B) high resistance flow in hepatic artery C) Nodular formations within liver D) low resistance in PV - Answer: B) high resistance flow in hepatic artery The _________________ zone is the prostate zone most commonly affected by malignancy. A) transitional B) central C) peripheral D) paraprostatic - Answer: C) peripheral

Which of the following is most likely to demonstrate a simple cyst with gravity dependent debris in the right lobe of the liver? A) early echinococcal infection B) chronic focal nodular hyperplasia C) early schistosomiasis infection D) chronic hydatid infection - Answer: A) early echinococcal infection honeycomb or water lily sign sign in chronic infections with thick calcified walls A patient presents with a palpable scrotal mass. There is no evidence of fever, AFP levels are normal, only beta hCG is elevated. These findings are most suggestive of: A) epidermoid cyst B) embryonal cell tumor C) seminoma D) yolk sac tumor - Answer: C) seminoma What is the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary system? A) duplicated collecting system B) dromedary hump C) ectopic kidney D) pancake kidney - Answer: A) duplicated collecting system Ascites may appear complex and contain debris/septation if there is associated: A) viral infection B) bacterial infection C) internal bleeding D) all of the above - Answer: D) all of the above

The most common cause of acute scrotal pain in postpubertal men is: A) torsion B) acute epididymitis C) orchitis D) hydrocele - Answer: B) acute epididymitis A hematoma in the rectus abdominis muscle that occurs below the arcuate line that extends into: A) Morison pouch B) Space of Retzius C) umbilicus D) pouch of Douglas - Answer: B) Space of Retzius linea alba stops blood from crossing midline What abnormality is often associated with medullary sponge kidney? A) Nephrocalcinosis B) Nephrolithiasis C) Granula formation D) pyelonephritis - Answer: A) Nephrocalcinosis what is the expected Doppler signal with an advanced cirrhosis case? - Answer: monophasic with minimal respiratory phasicity What is the most common cause of cholangitis? A) AIDS B) adenomyomatosis C) choledocolithiasis D) Klatskin tumor - Answer: C) choledocolithiasis

Cholangitis is defined as: - Answer: bile duct wall thickening (pus formation can occur). The biliary tree is dilated and the common bile duct wall may show a smooth or irregular thickening. the lateral segment of the left lobe of the liver is most often involved. Also known as oriental sclerosing cholangitis A liver piggyback anastamosis has _______ anastamosis site(s) while interposition liver anastamosis has _______ site(s) - Answer: 1 2 Which of the following is the most common cancer of the GI tract? A) Kaposi sarcoma B) Krukenberg tumor C) Adenocarcinoma D) Gastric sarcoma - Answer: C) Adenocarcinoma