Abdomen Mock Exam Questions with Complete Answers Graded A+, Exams of Law

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Abdomen Mock Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+ [Document subtitle] Denning [Date] [Course title]

Which of the following structures is used as a sonographic landmark in locating the gallbladder fossa? a. main portal vein b. main lobar fissure c. intersegmental fissure d. ligamentum venosum - Answer: b. main lobar fissure Which of the following conditions is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis? a. alcohol abuse b. biliary disease c. hyperlipidemia d. parathyroid disease - Answer: b. biliary disease Gerota fascia provides a protective covering around which of the following organs? a. liver b. spleen c. kidney d. prostate - Answer: c. kidney Increased pressure within the portosplenic venous system will most likely lead to which of the following conditions? a. fatty infiltration b. intestinal angina c. portal hypertension d. portal vein thrombosis - Answer: c. portal hypertension Normal diameter of the main portal vein in the adult patient should not exceed: - Answer: c. 1.3 cm The integrity of which of the following structures is evaluated with the Thompson test? a. calf muscles

b. rotator cuff c. Achilles tendon d. carpal tunnel nerve - Answer: c. Achilles tendon A small hyperechoic pancreas is identified on ultrasound. this is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? a. islet cell tumors b. cystic fibrosis c. chronic pancreatitis d. fatty infiltration - Answer: c. chronic pancreatitis Which of the following structures is a part of the endocrine system? a. liver b. spleen c. pancreas d. gallbladder - Answer: c. pancreas Which of the following is a sonographic finding of an echinococcal cyst? a. target lesions b. cystic masses c. complex masses d. septated cystic mass - Answer: d. septated cystic mass A predisposing risk factor associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma may include a history of: - Answer: d. ulcerative colitis A synovial cyst located in the medial popliteal fossa describes a: - Answer: b. Baker cyst Liver length should be measured:

a. at midclavicular level b. at the level of the right anterior lobe c. medial to the right kidney d. at the level of the right posterior lobe - Answer: a. at midclavicular level An ultrasound is requested to rule out Budd-Chiari syndrome. The sonographer should thoroughly evaluate which of the following organs? a. liver b. spleen c. kidneys d. adrenal glands - Answer: a. liver Which of the following structures divide the left lobe of the liver into two segments? a. left portal vein and ligamentum of Teres b. left hepatic vein and ligamentum venosum c. left hepatic vein and ligamentum of Teres d. main portal vein and ligament venosum - Answer: c. left hepatic vein and ligamentum of Teres Cholecystokinin is stimulated after food reaches the: - Answer: d. duodenum The gallbladder is located on the posterior surface of the liver and: a. medial to the IVC b. anterior to the main lobar fissure c. medial to the right kidney d. superior to the main lobar fissure - Answer: c. medial to the right kidney The most important measurement when evaluating for pyloric stenosis is the: a. length of the pyloric canal b. transverse diameter of the pyloric canal

c. thickness of the pyloric muscles d. anterior posterior diameter of the pyloric canal - Answer: c. thickness of the pyloric muscle A patient presents with a history of severe back pain, weight loss, and painless jaundice. An abnormality in which of the following organs is most likely to correlate with these symptoms? a. liver b. spleen c. pancreas d. gallbladder - Answer: c. pancreas "Current jelly" stool is a clinical finding in which of the following abnormalities? a. appendicitis b. Crohn disease c. pyloric stenosis d. intussusception - Answer: d. intussusception Which of the following structures surrounds the liver? a. Gerota's fascia b. greater omentum c. surgical capsule d. Glisson's capsule - Answer: d. Glisson's capsule Which of the following conditions is associated with Mirizzi syndrome? a. biliary atresia b. pancreatic neoplasm c. gallbladder neoplasm d. impacted stone in the cystic duct - Answer: d. impacted stone in the cystic duct A spaghetti-like echogenic tubular structure within a bile duct is a sonographic finding associated with:

a. ascariasis b. clonorchiasis c. hydatid disease d. schistosomiasis - Answer: a. ascariasis Gallbladder wall thickening is NOT a sonographic finding in: a. benign ascites b. nonfasting patients c. hyperalbuminemia d. congestive heart failure - Answer: c. hyperalbuminemia The Whipple procedure is a surgical resection of which of the following organs? a. liver b. spleen c. pancreas d. gallbladder - Answer: c. pancreas A fluid collection caused by extravasated bile is termed a: a. biloma b. seroma c. hematoma d. lymphocele - Answer: a. biloma Spontaneous separation of the intima and media layers of an artery describes a(n): a. rupture b. aneurysm c. dissection d. pseudoaneurysm - Answer: c. dissection

Which of the following peritoneal spaces most commonly demonstrates ascites? a. lesser sac b. paracolic gutter c. subphrenic space d. subhepatic space - Answer: d. subhepatic space Which of the following structures lies within the anterior pararenal space? a. spleen b. kidneys c. pancreas d. adrenal glands - Answer: c. pancreas The crura of the diaphragm are located: a. anterior to the IVC and abdominal aorta b. posterior to the IVC and abdominal aorta c. anterior to the IVC and posterior to the abdominal aorta d. posterior to the IVC and anterior to the abdominal aorta - Answer: d. posterior to the IVC and anterior to the abdominal aorta Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which of the following pathologies? a. polycystic disease b. hepatic vein thrombosis c. portal hypertension d. hepatocellular carcinoma - Answer: c. portal hypertension Carcinoma in which of the following structures can directly extend into the gallbladder? a. spleen b. lung c. kidney

d. stomach - Answer: d. stomach Enlargement of the gallbladder caused by obstruction of the common bile duct by a distal external neoplasm is termed: a. Bouveret sign b. Mirizzi syndrome c. Courvoisier sign d. Budd-Chiari syndrome - Answer: c. Courvoisier sign Which of the following structures define the superior and inferior borders of the retroperitoneum? a. diaphragm and pelvic rim b. pancreas and urinary bladder c. crura of the diaphragm and symphysis pubis d. posterior peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall muscles - Answer: a diaphragm and pelvic rim Elevation in prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is suspicious for: a. prostatitis b. hydronephrosis c. prostatic carcinoma d. benign prostatic hypertrophy - Answer: c. prostatic carcinoma Thrombosis involving the hepatic veins describes which of the following conditions? a. Mirizzi syndrome b. Caroli disease c. Budd-Chiari Syndrome d. Couinaud syndrome - Answer: c. Budd-Chiari Syndrome A sonogram of the RUQ demonstrates a calculus lodged in the cystic duct. This finding is a predisposing factor for developing:

a. cholangitis b. acute cholecystitis c. adenomyomatosis d. portal vein thrombosis - Answer: b. acute cholecystitis Which of the following structures may be mistaken for an extrarenal pelvis? a. renal vein b. adrenal cyst c. fetal lobulation d. hypertrophied column of Bertin - Answer: a. renal vein An irregular complex, solitary liver mass in a febrile patient is most suspicious for a(n): a. hepatoma b. cystadenoma c. amebic abscess d. echinococcal cyst - Answer: c. amebic abscess Which of the following terms is more commonly used to describe an enlarged or dilated vein? a. varix b. venule c. aneurysm d. perforator - Answer: a varix Which of the following conditions most commonly caused formation of a hepatic abscess? a. hepatitis b. cholelithiasis c. acute pancreatitis d. ascending cholangitis - Answer: d. ascending cholangitis

Which of the following structures is located in the anterolateral portion of the pancreatic head? a. splenic vein b. common bile duct c. gastroduodenal artery d. portosplenic confluence - Answer: c. gastroduodenal artery A sonogram demonstrates an echogenic thyroid mass with a prominent hyperechoic peripheral halo. This mass is most suspicious for which of the following neoplams? a. goiter b. lipoma c. adenoma d. carcinoma - Answer: c. adenoma Which of the following organs is responsible for manufacturing heparin? a. liver b. spleen c. pancreas d. adrenal gland - Answer: a. liver The length of a normal spleen should not exceed: a. 8 cm b. 10 cm c. 13 cm d. 17 cm - Answer: c. 13 cm Which type of aneurysm is most commonly associated with a bacterial infection? a. true aneurysm b. mycotic aneurysm c. ectatic aneurysm

d. dissecting aneurysm - Answer: b. mycotic aneurysm The stomach produces which of the following enzymes? a. gastrin b. pepsin c. amylase d. cholecystokinin - Answer: b. pepsin Which of the following conditions is associated with rebound pain at McBurney point? a. pancreatitis b. cholecystitis c. appendicitis d. Crohn disease - Answer: c. appendicitis Which of the following is the best defense against the spread of disease? a. wearing gloves b. wearing a mask c. wearing a gown d. frequent hand washing - Answer: d. frequent hand washing Which of the following is the most common clinical symptom associated with portal vein thrombosis? a. jaundice b. weight loss c. lower extremity edema d. severe abdominal pain - Answer: d. severe abdominal pain Which of the following structures indicates the neck of the urinary bladder? a. trigone b. hypogastric artery

c. urethral orifice d. superior vesical artery - Answer: c. urethral orifice A retroperitoneal ultrasound is ordered to follow up on a previously documented hydronephrosis of the right kidney. An image of the right kidney demonstrates a small hyperechoic focus. This focus is most suspicious for: a. calculus b. carcinoma c. hemangioma d. angiomyolipoma - Answer: d. angiomyolipoma Regarding the patient's previous history of hydronephrosis, the sonographer's technical impression on this current image should include: a. Grade 1 hydronephrosis b. Grade 2 hydronephrosis c. Grade 3 hydronephrosis d. Grade 4 hydronephrosis - Answer: b. Grade 2 hydronephrosis The sonogram of the distal abdominal aorta is most consistent with a(n): a. pseudoaneurysm b. ectatic aneurysm c. dissecting aneurysm d. abdominal aortic aneurysm - Answer: b. ectatic aneurysm Which of the following vascular structures does the arrow identify? a. right renal vein b. main portal vein c. right renal artery d. proper hepatic artery - Answer: c. right renal artery

The pathology identified in this sonogram is most suspicious for: a. porcelain gallbladder b. Mirizzi syndrome c. acute cholecystitis d. gallbladder carcinoma - Answer: c. acute cholecystitis The finding(s) in this sonogram are most suspicious for a(n): a. hydrocele b. ascites c. inguinal hernia d. epididymal cyst - Answer: a. hydrocele The calipers are measuring which of the following structures? a. splenic vein b. splenic artery c. pancreatic duct d. common bile duct - Answer: c. pancreatic duct The arrow is most likely identifying which of the following? a. adenoma b. hepatoma c. normal liver parenchyma d. focal nodular hyperplasia - Answer: c. normal liver parenchyma Which of the following structures do the arrows identify? a. rugae b. haustra c. polyps d. diverticulum - Answer: b. haustra

An incidental finding is identified in this sonogram of the spleen. This sonogram is most suspicious for a(n): a. adenoma b. lipoma c. metastatic lesion d. cavernous hemangioma - Answer: d. cavernous hemangioma A patient presents with a history of alcohol abuse. Which of the following splenic pathologies is most likely identified in this sonogram? a. infarction b. polysplenia c. lymphoma d. splenomegaly - Answer: d. splenomegaly With this pathological finding, the sonographer should evaluate for: a. pancreatitis b. cholelithiasis c. biliary obstruction d. venous collaterals - Answer: d. venous collaterals Which of the following pathologies is identified in this sonogram of the RUQ? a. cholangitis b. Courvoisier sign c. choledocholithiasis d. cholangiocarcinoma - Answer: c. choledocholithiasis An abnormal finding identified in this sonogram is most consistent with a: a. hydroureter

b. ureterocele c. bladder carcinoma d. bladder diverticulum - Answer: d. bladder diverticulum A patient presents with a history of uncontrolled hypertension and painless hematuria. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonogram is most suspicious for a: a. complex renal cyst b. malignant neoplasm c. necrotic angiomyolipoma d. hypertrophied column of Bertin - Answer: b. malignant neoplasm Which of the following conditions is also identified in this sonogram? a. renal failure b. multiple renal cysts c. hydronephrosis d. renal vein thrombosis - Answer: c. hydronephrosis Which of the following congenital anomalies is identified in this image of the left kidney? a. renal ptosis b. fetal lobulation c. dromedary hump d. junctional parenchymal defect - Answer: b. fetal lobulation Which of the following is identified by the arrows? a. scrotal pearl b. malignancy c. microcalcifications d. tubular ectasia of the rete testis - Answer: d. tubular ectasia of the rete testis

A large anechoic structure is demonstrated in the superior portion of the left scrotum. This structure is most likely represents a: a. scrotal cyst b. hydrocele c. testicular cyst d. epididymal cyst - Answer: d. epididymal cyst Which of the following congenital anomalies is most likely identified in this sonogram of the right kidney? a. horseshoe kidney b. fetal lobulation c. renal duplication d. crossed fused ectopia - Answer: c. renal duplication On the basis of the cortical thickness, which of the following abnormalities is most likely identified in this single image of the right kidney? a. pyelonephritis b. acute tubular necrosis c. chronic renal disease d. medullary sponge disease - Answer: c. chronic renal disease Which of the following congenital anomalies is most likely demonstrated in this sonogram? a. renal ptosis b. horseshoe kidney c. sigmoid kidney d. renal duplication - Answer: c. sigmoid kidney Which of the following abnormalities is the most likely cause of the sonographic finding(s) in this image of the distal calf? a. cellulitis

b. muscle tear c. multiple lipomas d. superficial thrombophlebitis - Answer: a. cellulitis Which of the following peritoneal spaces demonstrate a fluid collection? a. subphrenic space and Morison pouch b. subphrenic and subhepatic spaces c. subphrenic space and lesser sac d. subhepatic space and Morison pouch - Answer: b. subphrenic and subhepatic spaces The sonographer's technical impression of the gallbladder should state: a. cholelithiasis b. acute cholecystitis c. hydropic gallbladder d. probably noninflammatory wall thickening - Answer: d. probably noninflammatory wall thickening Which of the following structures separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe of the liver? a. left portal vein b. falciform ligament c. main lobar fissure d. ligamentum venosum - Answer: d. ligamentum venosum A questionable mass is identified in the anterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. Which of the following structures border this region? a. left hepatic and right hepatic veins b. right portal and right hepatic veins c. middle hepatic and right hepatic veins d. right hepatic and main portal veins - Answer: c. middle hepatic and right hepatic veins

A mass displacing the renal calyces is documented on a recent intravenous pyelogram. A sonogram over this area demonstrates a smooth circular anechoic renal mass. This mass is most suspicious for: a. a simple cyst b. a cystadenoma c. an extrarenal pelvis d. hydronephrosis - Answer: a. a simple cyst When hydronephrosis is encountered, the sonographer should evaluate the urinary bladder for evidence of a(n): a. infection b. obstruction c. duplication d. inflammation - Answer: b. obstruction Which of the following structures is most likely located adjacent to an omental cyst? a. stomach b. left kidney c. umbilicus d. gallbladder - Answer: a. stomach To aid in demonstrating posterior acoustic shadowing, the sonographer should: a. decrease image depth b. decrease the dynamic range c. increase the transducer frequency d. decrease the number of focal zones - Answer: c. increase the transducer frequency A patient presents with a mass in the lateral aspect of the neck. An anechoic structure is demonstrated just beneath the jawline. Which of the following cystic structures is most likely identified? a. lingual cyst b. parotid gland cyst

c. thyroglossal cyst d. brachial cleft cyst - Answer: d. brachial cleft cyst Extension of pancreatic inflammation into the surrounding tissues is termed a(n): a. abscess b. pseudocyst c. hemorrhage d. phlegmon - Answer: d. phlegmon The IVC is considered enlarged after the diameter exceeds: a. 1.7 cm b. 2.5 cm c. 3.0 cm d. 3.7 cm - Answer: d. 3.7 cm Which of the following organs is associated with an elevation of aldosterone? a. testes b. thyroid c. pancreas d. adrenal gland - Answer: d. adrenal gland An incidental finding of a round, homogeneous, solid mass medial to the splenic hilum is identified. The mass is most likely a(n): a. gastric neoplasm b. accessory spleen c. adrenal adenoma d. visceral lymph node - Answer: b. accessory spleen Which of the following vascular structures is commonly mistaken as the pancreatic duct?

a. splenic artery b. splenic vein c. gastric artery d. gastroduodenal artery - Answer: a. splenic artery Cortical thickness of the normal adult kidney should measure a minimum of: a. 0.7 cm b. 1.0 cm c. 1.5 cm d. 2.0 cm - Answer: b. 1.0 cm Which of the following conditions is associated with a complete failure of the adrenocortical function? a. Cushing disease b. Addison disease c. Caroli disease d. Graves' disease - Answer: b. Addison disease The main renal arteries arise from the lateral aspect of the aorta approximately 1.5 cm inferior to the: a. celiac axis b. portosplenic confluence c. caudate lobe of the liver d. superior mesenteric artery - Answer: d. superior mesenteric artery Which of the following blood values is most commonly associated with internal hemorrhage? a. platelets b. leukocytes c. hematocrit d. hemoglobin - Answer: c. hematocrit

Which of the following is an abnormal flow characteristic of the hepatic veins? a. pulsatile b. hepatopetal c. multiphasic d. spontaneous - Answer: b. hepatopetal Which of the following organs is associated with the "olive sign"? a. liver b. stomach c. appendix d. gallbladder - Answer: b. stomach Which of the following patient positions is typically used during a thoracentesis? a. prone b. sitting c. decubitus d. Trendelenburg - Answer: b. sitting Which of the following structures is commonly mistaken as a renal neoplasm? a. psoas muscle b. extrarenal pelvis c. junctional parenchymal defect d. hypertrophied column of Bertin - Answer: d. hypertrophied column of Bertin Which of the following lab tests will likely elevate in cases of nonobstructive jaundice? a. serum albumin b. indirect bilirubin c. alkaline phosphatase d. conjugated bilirubin - Answer: b. indirect bilirubin

Which region of the gallbladder is located most superiorly? a. body b. neck c. fundus d. phrygian cap - Answer: b. neck Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk in developing a thyroid malignancy? a. Graves disease b. de Quervain syndrome c. Hashimoto disease d. Addison disease - Answer: c. Hashimoto disease Which of the following invasive procedures removes a small piece of living tissue for microscopic analysis? a. core biopsy b. paracentesis c. fine-needle biopsy d. cyst aspiration - Answer: a. core biopsy A pancreatic pseudocyst is most commonly located in which of the following regions? a. lesser sac b. subphrenic space c. pararenal space d. Morison pouch - Answer: a. lesser sac A patient presents to the ED w/ severe LUQ pain. Lab values demonstrate an elevation in serum lipase. An abdominal ultrasound is ordered to rule out: a. cirrhosis

b. splenomegaly c. biliary disease d. hepatic malignancy - Answer: c. biliary disease Which of the following anatomical variants demonstrates an outward bulge to the lateral renal cortex? a. fetal lobulation b. dromedary hump c. junctional parenchymal defect d. hypertrophied column of Bertin - Answer: b. dromedary hump A congenital anomaly associated with the fusion of both kidneys within the same body quadrant describes: a. a cake kidney b. a renal ptosis c. a horseshoe kidney d. crossed fused ectopia - Answer: d. crossed fused ectopia A patient with a recent history of angioplasty presents with a pulsatile inguinal mass. A fluid collection adjacent to the common femoral artery is identified. Color and spectral Doppler demonstrates turbulent blood flow within the fluid collection. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic findings are most consistent with a(n): a. femoral hernia b. hematoma c. pseudoaneurysm d. arteriovenous malformation - Answer: c. pseudoaneurysm Which of the following vascular structures should be documented when evaluating for an inguinal hernia? a. internal iliac artery b. inferior epigastric artery

c. superior epigastric artery d. saphenofemoral junction - Answer: b. inferior epigastric artery Which of the following tasks is a function of the spleen? a. regulate serum electrolytes b. remove foreign material from the blood c. convert excess amino acids into glucose d. maintain homeostasis of calcium concentration - Answer: b. remove foreign material from the blood An abnormality of the gallbladder wall exhibiting a "comet tail" artifact describes: a. pneumobilia b. adenomyomatosis c. porcelain gallbladder d. gallbladder carcinoma - Answer: b. adenomyomatosis A transplant kidney is more commonly placed in which of the following regions? a. LLQ b. periumbilical area c. right lower quadrant d. right upper quadrant - Answer: c. right lower quadrant Which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays the sonographic appearance and location of a Meckel diverticulum? a. hyperechoic mass located near the anal canal b. isoechoic mass located near the ileocecal valve c. anechoic or complex mass, slightly to the right of the umbilicus d. complex mass, slightly inferior to the ligamentum venosum - Answer: c. anechoic or complex mass, slightly to the right of the umbilicus

Which of the following terms describes a noninflammatory degenerative change in a tendon? a. tenalgia b. tendonitis c. tenodynia d. tendinosis - Answer: d. tendinosis Within 5 years, the risk for rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 5 cm in diameter is: a. 5% b. 15% c. 25% d. 75% - Answer: a. 5% Before the bifurcation, the last major visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the: a. lumbar artery b. hypogastric artery c. median sacral artery d. inferior mesenteric artery - Answer: d. inferior mesenteric artery Which of the following abnormalities commonly coexists in patients with a popliteal aneurysm? a. synovial cyst b. deep vein thrombosis c. congestive heart failure d. abdominal aortic aneurysm - Answer: d. abdominal aortic aneurysm Which of the following peritoneal spaces is located superior to the liver? a. lesser sac b. prevesical space c. subphrenic space d. Morison space - Answer: c. subphrenic space