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ABFM BOARD REVIEW LATEST 2025 EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY RATED A+
Typology: Exams
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Greatest risk factor for developing dementia? A. Family Hx B. Phys Activity C. Aging D. Lack of mental exercise Correct Answer Aging What is the criteria for chorioamnionitis? How would you treat? Correct Answer Maternal Fever >38 plus one of the following....
test and the pt attempts to joke about not being able to perform word recall. A. Alzheimer's B. Lewy Body C. Vascular D. Frontotemporal Correct Answer C. Vascular
C. The patient is depressed D. The pt has mild cog impairment Correct Answer The patient has dementia
How often should you monitor a 3-3.9 cm AAA? Correct Answer Every 36 months How often should you monitor a 4-4.9cm AAA? Correct Answer Every 12 months How often should you monitor a 5-5.4 cm AAA? Correct Answer Every 6 months Most common cause of AAA Correct Answer Atherosclerosis Most common cause of Aortic Dissection Correct Answer HTN ( lumen problem) 68 yo M presents with aching pain in both thighs after walking 1 block. Pain subsides 1-2 mins after he stops ambulating. The best initial test is: A. ABI B. Bil leg US C. PVRs D MRA of LE Correct Answer A. ABI What is a normal ABI? Correct Answer 0.9-1.
What if you have a very high ABI? Correct Answer Noncompressible arteries (calcified likely) When obtaining ABI, AHA/ACC recommends obtaining the systolic BP in both arms and using the higher of the readings. However, if a difference in systolic BP >20mmHg between the arms, what is the most likely dx? Correct Answer Subclavian Artery Stenosis What medication can be given to help with pain with claudication? Correct Answer Cilostazol 72 yo F comes with sudden, severe R leg pain from knees to toes. PMHx HTN, DB. Vitals 160/90, pulse 120 and irregular, afebrile. R leg is cool to touch, pale in color, you're unable to obtain a posterior tibial or dorsalis pedis pulse. At this point, you should A. Start heparin and immediately consult vasc sx B. Immediately obtain US of the lower extremity C. Immediately obtain an echo D. Immediately obtain an AA US Correct Answer A. Start heparin and immediately consult vasc sx What are the 5 Ps of acute arterial occlusion? Correct Answer Pain Pallor Paresthesia
Pulselessness Paralysis TX: Heparin and consult vascular What is the most common source of acute arterial occlusion? Correct Answer Thromboembolism from the heart! Think A Fib 76 yo M with Hx of HTN, HLD, and smoking presents with with blue painful toes in the setting of intact pulses. The most likely diagnosis is A. Acute Gout B. Raynaud's C. Cellulitis D. Blue Toe Syndrome Correct Answer Blue Toe Syndrome Raynaud's secondary disease association Correct Answer Scleroderma/Sclerosis SLE What is GDMT for HFrEF? Correct Answer RAAS Inhibitor (ARNI or ACE) BB (carvedilol, metoprolol succ) MRAs (spironolactone) SGLT2 Inhibitor (empagliflozin)
How to treat LOW RISK, stable angina Correct Answer Stable Angina: pain only with exertion, alleviated at rest LOW RISK: Not LAD or multivessel disease (seen on stress) Tx: ASA, statin, BB/CCB. No PCI!! What is the appropriate first line test for hyperaldosteronism? Correct Answer - Aldosterone/renin ratio
What are the indications for dental antibiotic prophylaxis? Correct Answer - Infective endocarditis
What is the most common cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia? Correct Answer - Elevated indirect bilirubin level
Delirium vs Dementia Correct Answer Delirium: altered consciousness, major attention deficit, fluctuation, acute Dementia: appear to at least be making eye contact, less fluctuation When is delirium tremens onset? Correct Answer 48 - 96hrs 85 yo hospitalized, develops confusion post-operatively which is atypical. No hx of memory loss. Which tool should you use to assess? What can you do first-line? Correct Answer - CAM (confusion assessment method)
What do you need under the Clozapine Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy? A. Signed consent B. Serum levels C. neutrophil counts D. Training in pych Correct Answer C. Neutrophil counts What is the most common cause of chronic cough in adults? Correct Answer Upper airway cough syndrome (postnasal drip) What is the most common location for cysts in ADPKD? Correct Answer Liver (outside the kidney) What is first-line treatment for IBS with best quality evidence? Correct Answer Soluble Fiber ****This is according to the American College of Gastroenterologists G2P2 delivered, had GDMA1 in pregnancy, here for 6wk f/u. How do you follow-up her diabetes? Correct Answer A 2hr, 75g glucose tolerance test should be performed 4-12wks post-partum following a preg in which gestational DB was diagnosed.
What antihypertensive med is useful for both BP and OSA? Correct Answer Spironolactone! Aldosterone can play a role in HTN and disordered breathing 17 yo, normal PFTs, still having episodic SOB/chest tightness. PFTs revealed normal expiratory findings including normal FEV and FVC, but had a flattened inspiratory flow loop (the bottom part) What is going on? Correct Answer Vocal Cord Dysfunction!
Tx: HRT as soon as possible (within a year of dx) UTERUS: estrogen/progesterone (IUD) What are the hormones for PCOS? Correct Answer LH >>>FSH What treatment is the most efficacious for Fibromyalgia? Correct Answer Exercise!! FDA approved med is cymbalta, but exercise is better. What is the vision loss pattern of glaucoma? Correct Answer Peripheral vision loss (increased pressure pushes on periphery of the ophthalmic) What is the vision loss pattern of macular degen? Correct Answer Central vision loss How do you manage Levothyroxine in pregnancy? Correct Answer - Increase by 30% by taking an extra dose 2 days per week for a total of 9 weekly doses
In someone with stable angina and documentaed coronary atherosclerosis. positive stress test and underwent coronary angiography, which showed atherosclerotic dz without stenting..... What medications have been shown to decrease cardiac and all- cause mortality in pts with CAD? Correct Answer - Xarelto What is first line treatment for bacterial sinusitis? Correct Answer Tx: Augmentin for 5-7 days What should you monitor with SLE flare? Correct Answer Anti- dsdna, complement, ESR/CRP, UA (for lupus nephritis), WBC, BMP What do you need prophylaxis for HIV with CD4 <200? What do you need prophylaxis for HIV with CD4 <100? What do you need prophylaxis for HIV with CD4 <50? Correct Answer <200: Bactrim for PJP <100: Bactrim for Toxo <50: Azithro for MAC Pt sustains nondisplaced radial head fracture, how would you treat this? A. Immobilization for 3 days then ROM exercise B. Long arm posterior splint for 6 weeks C. Long arm cast for 6 weeks D. Referral to ortho for cast
E. Referral to ortho for surgery Correct Answer A. Immobilization for 3 days with ROM What is the best approach to vaccine hesitancy? Correct Answer Presumptive approach rather than participatory What lab abnormalities would you expect in multiple myeloma? What is the difference between MGUS and MM? Correct Answer MM LABS:
In an old person with depression, what class of meds is the best when considering adverse effects? Correct Answer SSRIs! Better than SNRIs What is guideline-directed therapy for PAD? Correct Answer - Low dose ASA
<8 for older pts with comorbidities What is the recommendation for statins in DB tx? Correct Answer Moderate intensity for primary prevention for CVD in all pts with db age 40- 75 High Intensity for known multiple atherosclerotic risk factors What are the USPSTF guidelines for DB screening? Correct Answer Screen age 35-70 for those overweight or obese (BMI>25) Diagnosis for Diabetes....
What DB medication is associated with Fournier's? Correct Answer SGLT- 2 What DB medication is associated with increased HF? Correct Answer TZDs What percent weight reduction was found to lower the risk of developing diabetes? Correct Answer 5 - 10% What is the most common cause of AKI? Correct Answer ATN What are pigmented, muddy brown casts associated with? Correct Answer ATN What are the indications for urgent dialysis? Correct Answer - Fluid Overload refractory to diuresis
How does CKD change your potassium? Correct Answer Increases! Kidney is responsible for excretion What are causes of Hypokalemia? Correct Answer 1. GI Losses (Diarrhea, vom, bowel prep)
Bactrim Heparin BB DIg NSAIDs Physical exam of Hyperkalemia? Correct Answer - Muscle weakness
If you have a pt who you are concerned is experiencing ACS, what do you do? Correct Answer *Give O2, aspirin, and nitro *Repeat trop in 2-3 hours DAPT duration after stent placement:
You have a pt with acute STEMI.... how do you decide whether to perform PCI vs fibrinolytic? Correct Answer If PCI can't be performed within 120 mins of first medical contact, fibrinolytic therapy (alteplase, tenecteplase, or reteplase) should be given
Which of the following is true with regard to screening for depression? A. Brief, 2-question screens for depression are equivalent to longer ones B. The Edinburgh Postnatal Dep Scale should not be routinely used at the 1st pp visit C. There are few standardized scales that can be used for screening D. USPSTF does NOT rec screening adults and adolescents for depression Correct Answer A PHQ-2 Qs: