ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE, Exams of Nursing

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ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ child with head lice rx'd with shampoo permethrin still has nits in her can she go to school? - correct answeryes as long as continue home remedy, nit combing and repeat permethrin shampoo in 6 days is diverticular bleeding painful? - correct answerno - abdominal pains BP recommendation for >65 - correct answer150/90 young boy left hip pain afebrile ESR normal WBC normal Radiograph knee and hip normal dx? rx? - correct answertransient synovitis rx: nsaids rx for SVTs but short-term and llong term - correct answerCCB eg verapamil, diltiazem 16 yo fatigue on OCPs ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ low bleed on periods normal TSH normal Hct normal RBC count MCV <80 what lab test next? - correct answerHgb electrophoresis - check beta thalassemia Signs of ALS - mainly motor sx - correct answerasymmetrical weakness in legs, feet, ankles slurred speech trouble swallowing SOB wt loss mcc urge incontinence in elderly - correct answerdetrusor instability what diabetes medications are good for prevention of developing DM in pre- diabetes pt - correct answermetformin "alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose) ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ rx osteoporosis if 10yr risk of major osteoporotic fracture > ___ % - correct answer20% pt with osteopenia (T <2.5) risk of fracture <20% what meds do you start on - correct answercalcium and vit d supplements test for meniscus tears - correct answerthessaly test This patient has low energy, menstrual irregularities, and a history of stress fractures, BMI <18...is consistent with ______ dx? what test does she need? - correct answerthe female athlete triad. She is at risk for altered bone density and needs a bone mineral density test. pt with exercise induced asthma pt can prevent this by? - correct answeralbuterol 10-15min before exercise does ankylosing spondylitis improve with exercise and activity? - correct answeryes also note: - pain worse in evening - stiffness worse in morning pt wwith ASCVD risk >7.5% should be started on? - correct answermoderate-or- high intensity statin note: - fibrates don't have effect on CVD and are not part of recommendation guidelines ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ what pneumococcal vaccine should 65yo receive - correct answerPCV13 now and PPSV23 in 1 year mcc hearing loss in newborn - correct answergenetics A 32-year-old female at 12 weeks gestation presents with an itchy vulvar lesion, which you diagnose as external genital warts. Which one of the following would be accurate advice regarding treatment? - The recurrence rate is low with treatment - Cryotherapy is the most effective treatment - Treatment should be based on patient preference - Treatment is effective in preventing congenital transmission - correct answerTreatment of genital warts should be based on patient preference and cost. There is no treatment that is more effective than others, and the recurrence rate for any treatment is relatively high. pt took extra pill prescribed by psychiatrist PMH: depression normal RR, HR diaphoretic resting symmetrical tremor 4+ reflexes ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ dx? - correct answerderotonin syndrome pt SOB d-dimer is positive what test to order next? - correct answerCT angiography of chest pt experience increase in floaters but not light flashes or loss of vision dark spot in the periphery of her right eye - correct answerretinal detachment rx COPD exacerbations - correct answerPrednisone, 40 mg daily for 5 days pt vs ptt - correct answerProthrombin Time (PT) Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) employees with >50 employees need to have what for nursing mothers? - correct answerreasonable unpaid break time to express milk pt with episodic pains in rectum happening for years occur 3-6weeks sharp, cramp-like pain last 1-15min no GI sx PE normal dx? - correct answerproctalgia fugax lesion in forearm ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Which one of the following radiologic features is most predictive of malignancy in a solitary pulmonary nodule? Smooth borders A ground-glass appearance Central calcification of the nodule A solid density - correct answerA ground-glass appearance others: >10mm upper lung location irregular borders no calcifications increasing size over time what HA1c cut off is used for managing elderly pt with DM - correct answerA1c 8 - 9 % most effective meds for fibromylagia - correct answerTCAs young boy still bedwets PE normal next step? - correct answerorder UA - if normal, reassure parents pt with CHF ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ currently on lisinopril, carvedilol what drug should be added on to decrease mortality and risk of hosp? Digoxin Furosemide Isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (BiDil) Losartan (Cozaar) Spironolactone (Aldactone) - correct answerspirinolactone don't add ARB - because never use ACEi with ARB exclusively BF babies need iron supplements from __ months? - correct answer4 months which of the following meds cause vit b12 def? Aspirin Enalapril Metformin Simvastatin Hydrochlorothiazide - correct answermetformin others: - h1 blocker - PPi ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ should you screen for cervical cancer in pt with hysterectomy? - correct answerno age of CRC screen - correct answer50 - 75 pt with acute lumbar pain with radiculopathy no signs of cauda equina syndrome, cancer, infection or fracture is imaging needed? - correct answerno rx: 6 weeks pain meds, PT all infants with down syndrome should be screened for? - correct answercardiac problems - echocardiogram vision - congenital cataracts; test with red reflex hearing thyroid hematologic feeding abnormaliies croup in 2yo child not in severe distress ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ peripheral neuropathy seizure d/o newly dx with depression what rx? - bupropion - citalopram - duloxetine - nortriptyline - correct answerduloxetine pt with HTN wants nonpharmacologic intervention to manage BP - correct answermonitor home BP readings limit sodium 2400mg/day diet veggies, fruits limit alcohol 2drinks/day for men and 1drink/day for women screening rule for AAA - correct answerone time abdominal duplex ultrasound male 65 - 75 yr ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ ever smoked 100 cigarettes in lifetime COPT pt complain of breathlessness uses inhalers - albuterol prn and LABA daily and Anticholinergic daily what can improve his breathing problem? - Replace his inhaled medications with nebulized alternatives - Replace his tiotropium with ipratropium (Atrovent) - Order home oxygen - Refer for outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation - correct answerPulmonary rehabilitation - use for COPD pt who are optimally medically managed - imrpoved exercise capacity, dyspena and health-related QOL note oxygen only improve mortality but not sx pcos pt amenorrhea obese ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ high testosterone started on lifestyle modifications (wt loss, exercise) what meds can be added as part of initial management? - correct answermetformin - helps with abnormal menstruation diffuse ST elevations on EKG acute sharp chest pain relieved by leaning fwd rx? - correct answerpericarditis rx: colchicine +/- NSAIDs Severe pain and skin changes outside the realm of cellulitis, including bullae and deeper discoloration, are strong indications of necrotizing fasciitis. +fever + high HR + extreme pain movement of joint rx? - correct answersurgical debridement pt with thyroid nodule >1cm next step? - correct answermeasure TSH if results abnormal, do a radionuclide thyroid scan >=2 cases of influenza A (H1N1) in a nursing home is an outbreak ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ B) Linezolid (Zyvox) C) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) D) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) and levofloxacin (Levaquin) E) Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) and vancomycin (Vancocin) - correct answerPiperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin - covers MRSA, pseudomonas, strep - covers gram +ve, gram -ve and anerobes 2-18 yo BMI categories <5th percentile 5 - 85th percentile 85 - 94th percentile >95 percentile - correct answer2-18 yo BMI <5th percentile - underwt 5 - 85th percentile - nml 85 - 94th percentile - overwt >95 percentile - obese < 2yo BMI categories > 95th percentile - correct answer< 2yo BMI categories > 95th percentile overwt ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ there is no obese category Which one of the following is true regarding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection? A) Most infections in the United States occur between August and December B) Corticosteroids should be a routine part of treatment C) The diagnosis is usually based on positive serology D) It is rarely associated with bacterial co-infection - correct answerIt is rarely associated with bacterial co-infection Infection: Nov-April Don't use steroids for rx first line rx CAP in infant/school-aged child - correct answeramoxicillin adolescent - azithromycin to cover m. pneumonaie non-obese 2-8 yo child with OSA rx? - correct answeradenotonsillectomy ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ - peak tonsil growth at this age pt with CKD - low ferritin - low hgb - low hct - MCV <80 rx? - correct answeriron supplement - Ferrous sulfate orally adolescent child (teens) pain in groin or anterior thigh or referred pain to knee + limping dx? - correct answerslipped capital femoral epiphysis pt with PSD should be started on ____ or ptesent CVD eg MI, stroke - correct answeraspirin clopidogrel older adult + FABER +FADIR hip pain dx? - correct answerhip labral tear FABER and FADIR detect intra-articular pathology ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ whct is dx? - correct answerOpioid-induced hyperalgesia management - reducing the current opioid dosage - eliminating the current opioid and starting another opioid. pt unable to conceive regular periods denies heat/cold tolerance sperm test normal what test to order next? A) Observation for 1 year B) TSH, free T4, and prolactin levels C) Hysterosalpingography D) An estradiol level E) A luteal-phase progesterone level - correct answerA luteal-phase progesterone level - check progesterone level after ovulation - should be >5 after Day21 of cycle to indicate ovulation - if <5, then no ovulation - need to check TSH, T4 and prolactin for anovulation - if >5, then need to do hysterosalpingography for any obstruction rx acute flare up/exacerbations of MS - correct answersteroids ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ rx for serotonin syndrome - correct answerbenzos - lorazepam, diazepam if non-responsive to benzos - cyproheptadine dx of sepsis severe sepsis septic shock - correct answerdx of sepsis - high WBCs severe sepsis - high WBCs and organ dysfunction (Cr >0.5, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia) septic shock - hyperlactatemia, hypotension refractory to IV fluids list things that minimize pain of lidocaine injection - correct answer- buffer the solution with sodium bicarbonate - warm solution to room temp - inject into subQ tissue - rapid insertion of needle in skin - inject slowly and steadily while withdrawing the needle children with what diseases are indicated for second dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine? - correct answer- sickle cell disease ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ - anatomic of functional asplenia - HIV+ - immunocompromised with renal failure or leukemia leading cause of death in RA pts A) Infections B) Coronary artery disease C) Thromboembolic disease D) Lymphoma E) Lung cancer - correct answerCAD what do you advice parents of a 5yo with uncomplicated femoral anteversion (in- toeing) - correct answerobservation Effective treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder include A) Freudian analysis B) benzodiazepines C) amphetamine salts D) atypical antipsychotics E) repetitive exposure to fearful stimuli - correct answerrepetitive exposure to fearful stimuli rx postherpatic neuralgia - correct answerlidocaine patches ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ The findings in this patient are most likely a result of A) HIV infection B) histoplasmosis C) coccidioidomycosis D) tuberculosis E) cryptococcosis - correct answerhistoplasmosis - birds,bats pt with hx easy bruising currently asymptomatic Platelets - less than normal A workup is negative for - autoimmune causes, including Graves disease, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster, hepatitis C, and Helicobacter pylori dx? rx? - correct answeridipathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura rx: steroids Terminally ill cancer patients who receive palliative chemotherapy are are _____ likely to die at home are _____ likely to undergo CPR ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ are _____ likely to undergo mechanical ventilation are referred to hospice ______ (earlier or later) in their disease course - correct answerTerminally ill cancer patients who receive palliative chemotherapy are are less likely to die at home are more likely to undergo CPR are more likely to undergo mechanical ventilation are referred to hospice later in their disease course rx COPD exacerbation - correct answerOral prednisone for 5 days tamoxifen vs raloxifene - breast - bone - endometrium - correct answertamoxifen - breast: estrogen antagonist - bone: estrogen agonist - endometrium: estrogen agonist raloxifene - breast: estrogen antagonist ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ - bone: estrogen agonist - endometrium: estrogen antagonist CI for OCPs - correct answerAge ≥35 years and smoking ≥15 cigarettes per day ●Multiple risk factors for arterial cardiovascular disease (such as older age, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension) ●Hypertension (systolic ≥160 mmHg or diastolic ≥100 mmHg) ●Venous thromboembolism ●Known thrombogenic mutations ●Known ischemic heart disease ●History of stroke ●Complicated valvular heart disease (pulmonary hypertension, risk for atrial fibrillation, history of subacute bacterial endocarditis) ●Systemic lupus erythematosus (positive or unknown antiphospholipid antibodies) ●Migraine with aura at any age ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ B) Examination for tender points C) Laboratory testing - correct answerdetailed symptom history what vitamin increase absorption of iron - correct answervitamin c which one of the following NSAIDs would you recommend as being LEAST likely to be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction? A) Celecoxib (Celebrex) B) Diclofenac (Zorvolex) C) Ibuprofen D) Meloxicam (Mobic) E) Naproxen (Naprosyn) - correct answernaproxen pt with 4 day history of hoarseness cough +sputum tender sinuses nasal congestion afebrile normal ear and lung exams dx? rx? - correct answeracute laryngitis symptom relief - most likley viral ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ FEV/FVC ratio in obstructive vs restrictive lung disease - correct answerobstructive <0.7 restrictive >0.7 pt with DOE, crackles in lung fields, dry cough, FEV/FVC ratio >0.7 - signs of restrictive lung disease what drug is cause? A) Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) B) Conjugated estrogens (Premarin) C) Omeprazole (Prilosec) D) Solifenacin (Vesicare) E) Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin) - correct answernitrofurantoin other drugs that cause ILD: - amiodarone all preg women should be screen for ___ at 11 to 16 weeks - correct answerasymptomatic bacteriuria - UA and culture signs of autism - correct answerdelayed social development language delay ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ abnormal sensitivity to normal noises athlete with low risk stress fracture of tibia counselled on no wt bearing for 5 weeks after 5 weeks, pt can walk with no pain. when can pt return to physical activity? - correct answerafter normal physical exam of the tibia most stress fractures heel in 6 - 10 weeks no need for XRay to confirm heel as long as pt has no pain walking, can return to actvitieis <40 yo male blood in semen normal testes and prostate exam pt is sexually active what next? - correct answerget STD screen - it is normal to see blood in semen in <40yo men ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ - high statin which pain med can be used in pt with renal failure - correct answerfentanyl methadone - hepatic metabolism rx aseptic olecranon bursitis vs septic olecranon bursitis both present with swelling at elbow - correct answerseptic bursitis - swelling, redness and warmth, fever - aspiration and antibiotics aseptic bursitis - swelling oNLY - compression rx cut off for ankle=brachial index - correct answer<0.90 more severe PAD 0.91 - 0.99 borderline PAD 1 - 1.40 normal >1.5 imcompressible vessels assoc with DM, elderly ppx drug for lyme disease A) Amoxicillin B) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ C) Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin) D) Doxycycline E) Clarithromycin (Biaxin) - correct answerdoxycycline rx superficial burn (painful patches of erythema and dry skin, no blisters) A) Cleaning the wound with povidone iodine (Betadine) B) Covering the wound with an occlusive dressing C) Applying aloe D) Applying hydrocortisone 1% cream E) Starting broad-spectrum antibiotics - correct answerapply aloe, honey, lotion initial screening for hemochromatosis A) Serum transaminases B) A CBC and a serum iron level C) Testing for the HFE gene D) Ferritin and transferrin saturation E) Total iron binding capacity - correct answerFerritin and transferrin saturation - will be elevated then check HFE complication of hypoparathyroidism A) somnolence B) low vitamin D ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ C) muscle flaccidity D) hyperkalemia E) refractory heart failure - correct answerhypocalcemia - refractory heart failure - muscle twitch - muscle spasm/ tetany - seizures - altered mental status - stridor rx options for narrow complex SVTs - correct answeradenosine vagal maneuvers which psychosis drug are assoc with high risk of death due to stroke and cardiac arrest in elderly - correct answer2nd generation anti-psychotics eg quietapine The most common source of chest pain in children is A) pulmonary B) cardiac C) musculoskeletal D) gastroesophageal E) psychogenic - correct answermsk <10mm hyperplastic polyp in colon when to repeat next screen - correct answer10 yrs ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ single dose of inhaled epinephrine or albuterol for respiratory distress if hx of asthma, atopy or allergy s/e bisphosphonate - correct answerosteonecrosis of jaw esophagitis esophageal ulceration atypical femoral shaft fracture hypocalcemia pt IUD inserted within 7 days after menstrual bleeding began does she need back up contraception? - correct answerNO only if inserted after 7 days of menstrual bleed - use backup contraception for the next 7 days rx SEVERE c diff infection vs MILD - correct answersevere - oral vanc mild/mod - oral metro pt with celic disease has increase risk of A) Diverticulitis ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ B) Ulcerative colitis C) Crohn's disease D) Colon cancer E) Osteoporosis - correct answerosteoporosis - decrease vit c and d absorption Which one of the following would be appropriate to detect endometriosis? A) A CA-125 assay B) Transvaginal ultrasonography C) CT of the pelvis D) MRI of the pelvis E) Colonoscopy - correct answertransvaginal ultrasonography severity of anorexia nervosa is based on which one of the following? A) Refusal to eat B) The frequency of episodes of binge eating or purging behavior C) Body mass index (BMI) D) The presence or absence of amenorrhea E) Orthostatic changes in pulse or blood pressure - correct answerBMI >17 mild 16 - 16.9 moderate 15 - 15.9 severe <15 extreme ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ conditions that increase risk latent TB progress to active disease - correct answerlung cancer DM alcoholism immunosuppression silicosis when is the only time to give pps antibiotics to prevent bacterial endocarditis with dental/GI procedures - correct answerprosthetic valve hx endocarditis heart transplant pt that develop valvular disease NOTE - NOT mvp or mr one benefit of treatment of GDM is a decreased risk for A) maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus after delivery B) maternal preeclampsia C) perinatal death D) a small-for-gestational-age infant - correct answermaternal precelampsia ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ D) 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D E) 25-hydroxyvitamin D - correct answer25-hydroxyvitamin D sharply demarcated rash lesions with raised borders surrounding a paler region containing a darker center (target lesions) what is this? rx? - correct answererythema multiforme - hsv - acyclovir Which one of the following, especially in homeless people, is a vector for Bartonella quintana, which causes trench fever, an influenza-like syndrome with relapsing fever? A) Fleas B) Maggots C) Bedbugs D) Scabies E) Lice - correct answerbody lice rx otitis media A) Amoxicillin, 40-50 mg/kg, for 10 days B) Amoxicillin, 80-90 mg/kg, for 10 days C) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), 90 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin and 6.4 mg/kg/day of clavulanate, divided into two doses, for 7 days ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ D) Cefdinir, 14 mg/kg/day for 10 days E) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), 10-20 mg/kg for 7 days - correct answerAmoxicillin, 80- 90 mg/kg, for 10 days UNLESS - child has recent rx amox in last 30days - concurrent purulent conjunctivitis - hx AOM unresponsive to amox then rx with amox/clav rx exercise induced asthma - correct answerinhaled daily steroids + albuterol prn 15 yo male with night time cough and wheezing. you suspect asthma. next step? A) Treat empirically with a short-acting $-agonist B) Perform spirometry C) Order radiologic testing D) Start an inhaled corticosteroid E) Start a leukotriene inhibitor - correct answerspirometry pt with lower abdominal/pelvic pain. On examination, with the patient in a supine position, you palpate the tender area of her lower abdomen. When you have her raise both legs off the table while you palpate the abdomen, her pain intensifies. ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ dx? A) Appendicitis B) A hematoma within the abdominal wall musculature C) Diverticulitis D) Pelvic inflammatory disease E) An ovarian cyst - correct answerhematoma in abdominal wall Mild cognitive impairment is characterized by which one of the following? A) Localized motor dysfunction B) Impairment in at least one activity of daily living C) Impairment in at least one instrumental activity of daily living D) The presence of the APO E4 allele E) Objective evidence of memory decline - correct answerin between normal cognition and dementia Objective evidence of memory decline + ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ E) Methylphenidate combined with atomoxetine - correct answerBehavioral treatment alone >5yo with ADHD (elementary age) rx? A) Behavioral treatment alone B) Methylphenidate (Ritalin) alone C) Atomoxetine (Strattera) alone D) Methylphenidate combined with behavioral treatment E) Methylphenidate combined with atomoxetine - correct answerMethylphenidate combined with behavioral treatment pt taking PPI, amoxicillin and clarithromycin which of the following anti-HTN meds would be affected by this? A) Amlodipine (Norvasc) B) Clonidine transdermal (Catapres-TTS) C) Hydrochlorothiazide D) Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ E) Ramipril (Altace) - correct answeramlodipine - metabolized by cyp450 clarithromycin inhibits cyp450 high amlodipine lead to hypotension, edema, AKI DM pt with high glucose levels at night currently on lantus at night what next A) Adding rapid-acting insulin at breakfast B) Adding rapid-acting insulin at lunch C) Adding rapid-acting insulin at dinner D) Increasing the nightly insulin glargine dose E) Increasing the insulin glargine dosage and giving two-thirds in the morning and one-third at night - correct answerAdding rapid-acting insulin at dinner DM pt with high glucose levels before dinner ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ currently on lantus at night what next A) Adding rapid-acting insulin at breakfast B) Adding rapid-acting insulin at lunch C) Adding rapid-acting insulin at dinner D) Increasing the nightly insulin glargine dose E) Increasing the insulin glargine dosage and giving two-thirds in the morning and one-third at night - correct answerAdding rapid-acting insulin at lunch pt with bradycardia on EKG + feeling tired for past few months next steps A) Clearance for eye surgery with no further evaluation B) An exercise treadmill test C) A 48-hour Holter monitor ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ fullness in his left lower quadrant with nonspecific tenderness diffusely and no guarding or rebound dx? A) Viral gastroenteritis B) Acute colitis C) Constipation D) Urinary tract infection E) Nephrolithiasis - correct answerconstipation - hard stools - <3 BM in a week - straining on pooing Which one of the following therapeutic interventions improves outcomes in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? A) Early initiation of antibiotics B) Surfactant therapy C) Pulmonary artery catheterization D) Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ E) Starting mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes - correct answermechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes 36 week gestation high BP 4+ proteinuria next steps? A) Start labetalol (Trandate) and discharge home on bed rest with close follow-up B) Start magnesium sulfate and induce labor now C) Start magnesium sulfate, administer corticosteroids, and induce labor in 48 hours D) Start magnesium sulfate, lower blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg, and induce labor at 37 weeks gestation E) Arrange for urgent cesarean section - correct answerStart magnesium sulfate and induce labor now steroids not recommended after 34weeks ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ pt had otitis media 3weeks ago and was started on amox 90mg/kg/day for 10d now another AOM presents rx? A) Amoxicillin, 45 mg/kg/day for 10 days B) Amoxicillin, 90 mg/kg/day for 10 days C) Amoxicillin, 90 mg/kg/day for 10 days followed by prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin for 6 months D) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), 90 mg/kg/day for 10 days E) Amoxicillin/clavulanate, 90 mg/kg/day for 10 days followed by prophylactic treatment with amoxicillin for 6 months - correct answerAmoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin), 90 mg/kg/day for 10 days typmanostomy - for 3 AOM in 6 months Which one of the following is the best exercise to improve function in older adults living in nursing homes? ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ DOC to improve delirium in hospitalized patients? - correct answerhaloperidol rx RSV A) Aerosolized ribavirin B) Supplemental oxygen C) Intravenous corticosteroids D) Macrolide antibiotics - correct answerhydration and oxygenation pt with a fib on warfarin which of the following would decrease response to warfarin and require higher dose to maintain INR A) malnutrition B) hypothyroidism C) heart failure D) acute kidney injury E) progressive nonalcoholic cirrhosis - correct answerhypothydroidism visceral carcinoma increased vit k intake dm ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ hld 75 yo hx knee replacement on warfarin presents with DVT in popliteal fossa what next? A) Aspirin B) Clopidogrel (Plavix) C) Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) D) Intravenous tenecteplase (TNKase - correct answerrivaroxaban daily for 3 months preferred TB test for mexicans/immigrants who have been vaccinated with BCG - correct answerInterferon-gamma release assays which one of the following findings would denote the highest risk for death or myocardial infarction? A) New-onset angina beginning 2 weeks to 2 months before presentation B) Angina with hypotension C) Angina provoked at a lower threshold than in the past D) Increased anginal frequenc - correct answerAngina with hypotension supraclavidualr lymph node enlarged + ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ painless jaundice + palpable nontender gall bladder dx? - correct answerpancreatic cancer Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been shown to be beneficial for which one of the following conditions? A) Tinnitus B) Malignant otitis externa C) Crush injury wounds D) Nonunion of bone fractures E) Vascular dementia - correct answercrush injury decompression sickness pt with pharyngitis rx with amoxicillin for 10days on day 8, present with generalized rash A) Continue the amoxicillin and begin prednisone and diphenhydramine (Benadryl) ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ E) 30 days after discharge from the hospital - correct answerthe patient is transferred out of the critical care unit rx uveitis with ankylosing spondylitis A) Artificial tears B) Ocular antibiotics C) Ocular corticosteroids D) Oral acetazolamide E) Ophthalmic olopatadine (Patanol) - correct answerocular steroids intermittent unilateral rhinorrhea clear drainage worse in morning with change of position pmh of HTN, migraines further eval for ? A) vasomotor rhinitis B) allergic rhinitis C) cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea D) an intranasal tumor - correct answercerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - csf connected with sinuses According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, low-dose aspirin use in women is most ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ effective for primary prevention of A) stroke, beginning at age 50 B) stroke, beginning at age 55 C) myocardial infarction, beginning at age 50 D) myocardial infarction, beginning at age 55 E) both myocardial infarction and stroke, beginning at age 50 - correct answerstroke, beginning at age 55- 79 pt with hx of rash after penicillin Which one of the following medications is most appropriate for this patient? A) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) B) Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) C) Cefuroxime (Ceftin) D) Doxycycline E) Azithromycin (Zithromax) - correct answerCefuroxime (Ceftin) Which one of the following is most likely in a depressed elderly patient? A) Suicidal ideation B) Somatic symptoms C) Depressed mood D) Preoccupation with guilt - correct answerSomatic symptoms In addition to cool compresses and antihistamines for the itching, which one of the following is the best treatment option for contact dermatitis (rash days after being in woods)? ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ A) Triamcinolone, 20 mg intramuscularly as a single dose B) A 6-day oral methylprednisolone (Medrol) dose pack, starting at 24 mg C) A 7- to 10-day course of topical halobetasol propionate (Ultravate), 0.05% ointment D) A 7- to 10-day course of topical mupirocin (Bactroban) 2%, after decompression of vesicles and bullae E) A 10- to 14-day tapering course of oral prednisone, starting at 60 mg - correct answer pt on ranitidine, aspirin and acetaminophen what of the following other drugs in combinations with ones listed above causes vit b12 def? A) Hydrochlorothiazide B) Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) C) Amlodipine (Norvasc) D) Simvastatin (Zocor) E) Omeprazole (Prilosec) - correct answeromeprazole and ranitidine 1st line rx for menstrual irregularity, hirsutism and acne in PCOS? - correct answerOCPs pt on vancomycin, b-blocker, escitalorpam ad TMP/SMX(bactrim) has anaphylactic drug rxn ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ D) Stop oxygen within 6 months E) Continue oxygen indefinitely - correct answerreassess need in 3 months pt with proximal muscle weakness high serum creatinine kinase and aldolase symptoms improve with steroids dx? A) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy B) Myasthenia gravis C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D) Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head E) Polymyositis - correct answerinflammatory myopathy eg dermatomyositis or polymyositis drugs used to increase uterine tone in postpartum hemorrhage A) Oxytocin (Pitocin) B) Methylergonovine C) Carboprost tromethamine (Hemabate) D) Misoprostol (Cytotec) when are carbaprost and methylergonovine CI? - correct answercarbaprost ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ - asthma - cardiac - hepatic - renal problems methylergonovine - high BP when do you screen for colon cancer in pt with UC - correct answerinitially 10 years after diagnosis and every 2-5years tramadol should be avoided in? A) Seizures B) Heart failure C) Ventricular dysrhythmias D) Hypertension - correct answerseizures - lowers seizure threshold pt with acute dysuria, frequency and urgency no hematuria, fever, nausea or back pain no vaginal itching or discharge Treatment for this patient should be based on ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ A) her reported symptoms B) the presence or absence of suprapubic tenderness on examination C) the presence or absence of leukocyte esterase on a urine dipstick D) findings from a mid-stream urine culture E) findings from urine microscopy - correct answerreported sx - has acute cystitis pt with thyroid nodule on PE check TSH level - normal or high what next? - correct answerthink: low functioning thyroid or normal functioning do bx if nodule >1cm do clinical f/u if nodule <1cm pt with thyroid nodule on PE check TSH level - low ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ - symptom management for viral upper resp infection pt test positive for gonorrhea and negative for chlamydia rx? A) Doxycycline B) Azithromycin (Zithromax) C) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) plus azithromycin D) Ofloxacin E) Cefdinir plus levofloxacin (Levaquin) - correct answerceftriaxone - 250mg IM azithromycin - 1g oral or doxycycline - 100mg bid x7days rx all sexual partners as well rx for CAP in ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ - children 60 days to 5 yrs - 5 yrs to 16 yrs - correct answer60 days to 5 yrs - amoxicillin (covers strep pneumo) 5 yrs to 16 yrs - azithromycin (covers mycoplasma and chlamydia) 10 mo child sore throat, loss of voice afebrile, normal tympanic membranes, no pharyngeal drainage Cv normal PULM normal rx? - correct answersupportive - pt has laryngitis pt with sudden vision loss Which one of the following would make you suspect retinal vein occlusion as the cause of her sudden visual loss? ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ A) An afferent pupillary defect in the contralateral eye B) Right eye redness C) Tortuous retinal veins on funduscopic examination D) Macular drusen on funduscopic examination - correct answertortous veins - cotton wool spots rx radial fracture A) A long arm posterior splint B) A radial gutter splint C) A sugar-tong splint D) A thumb spica splint E) An ulnar gutter splint - correct answerimmobilization 4-8weeks - sugar tong splint or - short arm cast what does not work for IBS A) Fiber B) Probiotics C) Antispasmodics D) Antidepressants - correct answerfiber ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Which one of the following would be the most appropriate calcium supplement for this patient? A) Oyster shell calcium B) Calcium carbonate C) Calcium lactate D) Calcium gluconate E) Calcium citrate - correct answercalcium citrate - does not require acidic condition fro absorption if not on ppi, use calcium carbonate (require acid for absorption) CI for bupropion - correct answerseizure eating disorder MAO inhibitor pt on naltrexone for alcohol dependence ned meds for pain relief A) Fentanyl B) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) C) Ketorolac D) Meperidine (Demerol) E) Morphine - correct answerketorolac - does not work on opioid receptor since naltrexone blocks these ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Which one of the following is most effective for assessing right ventricular dysfunction in this situation? A) Echocardiography B) Physical examination C) 12-Lead electrocardiography D) Contrast-enhanced CT of the chest - correct answerechocardiography A 21-year-old male college student presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of fever, severe muscle and joint pain, nausea, and vomiting. He spent his winter break traveling in South America and returned 4 days ago. On examination he has a temperature of 39.4°C (103.0°F), gingival bleeding, lower extremity non-pitting edema, right upper quadrant tenderness, a diffuse maculopapular rash, muscle tenderness, and petechiae on his extremities. labs: - low WBC - low platelets - high hematocrit - high AST and ALT (same range) - normal bilirubin - no jaundice ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ A) Hepatitis A B) Yellow fever C) Dengue fever D) Typhoid fever E) Influenza - correct answerdengue - supportive care - avoid NSAIDs and aspirin due to anticoagulation properties - avoid via bed nets, misquito repellents, protective clothing note: yellow fever present same way but with jaundice and high bilirubin Stretching has NO demonstrable benefit for which one of the following? A) Hamstring strain B) Chronic neck pain C) Joint contracture D) Osteoarthritis E) Rehabilitation post knee replacement - correct answerjint contracture Which one of the following is most appropriate in the management of frostbite? A) Complete surgical debridement of hemorrhagic blisters B) Rapid rewarming with dry heat and warm blankets C) Withholding analgesics to ensure accurate assessment D) Vigorously rubbing affected tissues to restore circulation E) Leaving simple, non-tense areas of clear blistering intact - correct answerLeaving simple, non-tense areas of clear blistering intact ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ Which one of the following physical examination findings would be pathognomonic for slipped capital femoral epiphysis? A) Excessive forward passive motion of the tibia with the knee flexed B) Lateral displacement of the patella with active knee flexion C) Limited internal rotation of the flexed hip D) Reduced hip abduction with the hip flexed E) An inability to extend the hip past the neutral position - correct answerLimited internal rotation of the flexed hip A 54-year-old male presents with hearing loss associated with tinnitus. Which one of the following additional characteristics would be an indication for MRI of the brain to assess for an intracranial tumor? A) A rapid onset of symptoms B) Unilateral symptoms C) Association with pain and otorrhea in the affected ear D) Exposure to loud noise shortly before the symptoms began - correct answerunilateral - acoustic neuroma (hearing loss and tinnitus, slow growing tumor, vertigo) ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ rx PAD A) Aspirin B) Warfarin (Coumadin) C) Clopidogrel (Plavix) D) Pentoxifylline E) Cilostazol (Pletal) - correct answercilostazol what is CI in pt taking statin A) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) B) Azithromycin (Zithromax) C) Clarithromycin (Biaxin) D) Doxycycline E) Levofloxacin (Levaquin) - correct answermacrolides - inhibit cyp450 - statin metabolized by cyp450 - risk statin toxicity pt with egg allergy A) Avoid giving influenza vaccine B) Administer the live-attenuated influenza vaccine and observe for 30 minutes C) Administer trivalent inactivated vaccine and observe for 30 minutes ABFM EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ D) Have the patient take prednisone, 20 mg for 3 days, then administer the live- attenuated influenza vaccine and observe for 30 minutes E) Have the patient take prednisone, 20 mg for 3 days, and then administer the trivalent inactivated vaccine and observe for 30 minutes - correct answerAdminister trivalent inactivated vaccine and observe for 30 minutes A 45-year-old male with diabetes mellitus sees you for the first time. If the patient has not previously received it, which one of the following vaccines is recommended for him by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices? A) Hepatitis A B) Hepatitis B C) Meningococcal D) Varicella zoster - correct answerhep b