Download ABSA Study Guide -with 100%- verified solutions 2024-2025-tutor verified and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! ABSA Study Guide -with 100% verified solutions 2024- 2025-tutor verified 361Q&A 1. Which is not considered part of a sterile field? Gloves of sterile person who has folded his arms 2. The presence of only one living microorganism means an object is: Contaminated 3. Which statement concerning masks is not true? Ties may be tied crisscross on top of head In draping a table, the scrub nurse drapes from _____ to _____, protecting her gloves _____. Front, back, by cuffing drape edge The purpose of the hand scrub by the team is to render their skin: Surgically Clean After steam sterilization, which items should not be considered sterile? Suction tips attached to tubing, Asepto syringes with bulbs attached, Cautery tips bound with rubber bands 7. Because there is less chance contamination, the preferred method of gloving is _____. For changing only a glove during a case, this method _______ be used. Closed, cannot 8. Which directive for loading a pressure steam sterilizer is incorrect Loading liquids first to prevent spillage on packs 10. If the prep site contains a colostomy or draining sinus which cannot be sealed off, it should be scrubbed: Last with sponges used once and discarded 11. Operating room floors should be flooded with _____ and _____ at the end of each ____. Detergent germicide, wet-vaccumed, case What are some potential sources for surgical infection: Circulating air, patient's bronchial tree, scrub teams hair, patients circulating blood, instruments, patients and scrub teams skin Which statement regarding the use of masks is false? Cross strings behind the head for better aeration Strike-through The soaking of moisture through unsterile layers to sterile layers or vice versa Which statement concerning the use of boiling water as a sterilizing agent is false? Minimum boiling period is 10 minutes The OR ventilating system ensures controlled air supply: ____ air exchanges per hour are recommended for infection control and a ___ percent humidity is mandatory to suppress static electricity Activated glutaraldehyde Which disadvantage in use of muslin wrapper material for sterile packs and items? It must be laundered to rehydrate Which statement regarding hexachlorophene as an antiseptie solution is false? It is soluble in water Completely unwrapped items may be sterilized in a flash sterilizer at ___ pounds of pressure, ___ degrees F, for ___ minutes 27, 270, 3 The foundation for the practice of strict aseptic and sterile technique is: A surgical conscience Factors that have adverse affects on the shelf life of sterile items include: Open cabinets, high temperature, extremes in humidity All of the following may cause arterial hypotension surgical patient except: Hypervolemia The anesthesiologist evaluates the patient's oxygenation and carbon by measuring arterial: pH, pCO2, H2CO3 Which statement is not true about fluids? Lab report of a dehyrdated patient shows a decrease in packed cell volume and hemoglobin The center which regulates the rhythm of respirations is located in the: Pons In surgical patients, the most common cause of shock is oligemia which is a/an: Deficient circulating blood volume Which of the following may cause apnea Stimulation of the pharynx by irritating chemicals, Sudden cold stimulation applied to the skin, Sudden painful stimulation 7. Which statement is not true about the sino-atrial atrium? Impulses pass from it to the bundle of His Oxygen is carried in the blood: As physically dissolved oxygen in plasma, in combination with the hemoglobin of the red blood cells After cardiovascular surgery, hypocalcemia may result from ___ and hyperkalemia may result from ___. Multiple transfusion of citrated blood, red cell breakdown from pump perfusion The basic approach to the treatment of shock is to: Determine the cause An accurate index of cardiac performance is: Central Venouse pressure Solutions whose volumes and pressures remain the same if the two solutions are separated membrane are: Not hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic To produce inspiration, ___ pressure must be lower than ___ pressure; it must be ___ to produce expiration. Intrathoracic, atmospheric, higher In a two-bottle water seal suction setup for chest drainage, the first bottle provides ___ and the second provides the ___. Water seal and collect drainage, suction control The space caused by the separation of wound edges which have not been closely approximately by sutures is called: Dead space An interrupted suture, which is placed through the tissue from one side of the tissue from one side of the wound to the other and then through the called Mattress Suture material which, during the healing process, becomes encapsulated by fibrous tissue called: Non-absorbable suture In the presence of infection, the absorption rate of surgical gut is: Increased Which of the following sutures may be used in the presence of infection? Polypropylene A suture in which short lateral stitches are taken beneath Subcuticular The healing process in which a wound is purposely left open and allowed to heal from the bottom upward is called Secondary intention Surgical gut is made from the: Submucosa layer of sheeps intestines Which of the following is most inert in tissue? Wire A stay suture does not pass through: Mesentery The spitting open or gaping of a wound is called: Dehiscence Which of the following is used to stop bleeding and oozing on the surfaces of severed bones? A mixture of waxes (chiefly beeswax) The protrusion of bowel through the separated of an abdominal wound closure Evisceration Silk is not recommended for use in the gallbladder, kidney, or bladder because: It may become the nucleus for stone formation Most braided or twisted nonabsorbable sutures should be used in the presence of active infection because: The sutures become a breeding place for infection The Halsted Technique consists mainly of: Interrupted Silk Sutures Another name for a stick tie or transfixion suture is Suture ligature Bumpers or guards are used on tension to: Prevent the heavy suture from cutting into the skin Tissue trauma will be kept to a minimum by using: Sutured swagged to a needle The amount of weight or pull necessary to break the suture or ligature material is called: Tensile strength 23. Which of the following would have a weakening effect on suture? Vagotomy is performed with partial gastrectomy for peptic uleer disease to: Decrease secretion of hydrochloric acid Esophageal varices occur when an increase in ___ obstruction forces ___ blood to seek new avenue of return to the ___. Portal vein, venous, right atrium A Roux-Y procedure for common duct repair is a: Choledochojejunostomy Surgical bypass procedure for portal hypertension is a shunt between ___ and ___ or between ___ and ___. Portal vein, inferior vena cava, splenic vein, left renal vein All of the following cause intestinal obstruction except: Colitis Which statement concerning thyroid is not true? A glandular segment that is essential to life Which statement concerning small bowel obstruction is not true? It causes distension of distal intestine In which of the following is a loop colostomy done? Bowel decompression Which of the following must be sutured to close an upper paramedian incision: Anterior rectus sheath, posterior rectus sheath, peritoneum A benign intestinal tumor is ___ while ___ is malignant Fibromata, lymphosarcoma Which statement concerning splenectomy is not true? Surgery causes an increase in antibody production Which of the following does not require immediate surgery? Fecal impaction, sigmoid colon volvulus, paralytic ileus The four major sources of blood supply to the stomach are: Right and Left gastroepiploic, right and left gastric Anastomosis between the small intestine and colon is a: Ileocolostomy Surgical removal of an endocrine gland effects the: Body Metabolism Which structure must be identified in a parotidectomy procedure? Cranial nerve VII Which procedures may be performed for breast and/or prostatic malignancy Prostatectomy, mastectomy, adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, oophorectomy, orchiectomy The salivary glands consist of: The sublingual, submaxillary, parotid Which statement(s) about the endocrine glands is/are true They release their secretions into the blood stream, They are essential for growth and development, They are ductless glands Acromegaly is the result of hyperfunction of the: Pituitary Excessive accumulation urie acid in the bloed with disposition of acid crystal in tissue causes Gout Care must damage structures during a thyroidectomy: Parathyroid, trachea, reccurent laryngeal nerve The ___ hormone secreted by the___ gland(s) regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus Parathyroid, parathyroid Which statement(s) about the thyroid is/are true? Tracheal compression can occur from postoperative edema The three main vessels which are legated in thryreidectomy are: Superior, Middle, Inferior thyroid veins Complete removal of the___ gland(s) results in severe tetany. Parathyroid A choledochotomy is an: Incision into the commin bile duct The characteristic synsptom of perforated peptic ulcer is Shock Separation of the congenital hy pertrophied sphincter which prevents emptying of the stomach in an infant is a: Pyloromyotomy In surgical correction of a hiatal hernia, the: Diaphragm crura is tightened Hemorrhage occurring during operation on the biliary tree usually results from injury to Cystic artery Which diagnosis does not require operation? Paralytic ileus Longitudinal ulcer in the anal canal is an: Fissure in ano Which statement concerning the spleen is false? The splenic vein drains into the inferior vena cava Which is/are postoperative complication (s) of total gastrectomy: dumping syndrome, anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, diarrhea The ____ is attached to the____. Omentum, stomach A partial gastrectomy followed by a gastroduodenal anastomesis is a Billroth 1 Which anastomoses are completed in a Whipple operation: Pancretojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy, gastrojejunostomy In an upper quadrant oblique incision (subcostal), which muscle is retracted of transversely divided? Rectus Care must be taken during ligation of the vena cava for pulmonary embolism to prevent injury to: Lumbar veins and right ureter Removal of fibrosed palmar aponeurosis is done for: Dupuytren's contracture As a consequence of ligating the inferior mesenteric (Mesozoic) artery and vein, it is necessary to remove the entire ___ colon and anastomose the ___ colon to the ___ colon. Left, distal transverse, sigmoid The operative carcinoma of the head of the pancreas or ampulla of Vater is a ___ procedure. Whipple Whichh structures are amenable to stapling: . bronchus, galea, bowel, split thickness graft, ankle bones Small bowel obstruction leads to electrolyte imbalance: first to ___ from loss of ___: then to ___ due to loss of ___ Alkalosis, hydrochloric acid, acidosis, water& sodium In gastric bypass for morbid obesity, stapling the ___ portion of the stomach provides a small ___ outlet Proximal, gastrojejunostomy Which of the following factors can cause intestinal obstruction: volvulus, hernia, mesenteric infarction, paralytic ileus, intussusception The causes of peritonitis include which of the following: ruptured spleen, puerperal infection, gangrenous obstruction of the bowel, acute pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis? The dumping syndrome occurs after gastric resection because of the Rapid entry of food into the jejunum After completion of the anastomosis in colon resection procedures, the mesentery is carefully reapproximated to: Prevent internal hernias with bowel entrapment Which statement concerning parenteral hyperalimentation therapy following gastrointestinal surgery is true Catheter is inserted in a large-diameter vein with high blood low, Too rapid flow of solution causes hyperglycemia, Constant monitoring is necessary The purpose of vagotomy is treating patients with peptic ulcers is to: Decrease gastric acid hypersecretion ___ is/are life-threatening obstruction in which the intestinal lumen is obstructed both proximally and distally, leading to bowel necrosis, perforation and peritonitis Volvulus Many postoperative patients are in a state of ___ due to ___ depletion, a condition that retards wound healing. Negative Nitrogen imbalance, protein The ____is the most common site for cancer of the large intestine Rectosigmoid To provide necessary calories in the nutritionally deficient postoperative patient, parenteral hyperalimentation is preferred over routine IV therapy because IV fluid volume could surpass bodys fluid tolerance The preoperative bowel prep for intestinal surgery may include administration of neomycin which: Reduces aerobic and anaerobic resident bacteria in bowel When a loop of jejunum is anastomosed end-to-side with the esophagus in a total gastrectomy, a ___ is necessary to ___ Jejunojejunostomy, prevent regurgitation esophagitis For a perforated diverticulum of the colon, the affected bowel segment is resected followed by a/an: Two-stage operation An ectopic pregnancy may occur in: The cervix, a uterine ligament, the abdominal cavity Which of the following is not a uterine ligament? Triangular Uterine bleeding between regular menstrual periods or alter the menopause is: Metrorrhagia In which of the following conditions is a vaginal hysterectomy contraindicated? Endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, large uterine myoma A protrusion of the cul-de-sac and loops of bowel within the peritoneal inte the vaginal outlet is a: Enterocele Oral contraceptives prevent the release of the ___ hormone from the anterior pituitary so ___ does not take place. fertilization Follicle-stimulating; ovulation All of the following statements concerning gonerrhea are true: Mode of transmission is sexual intercourse, incubation period is from three to eight days, disease may be relatively asymptomatic in females Which of the following statements concerning the ovaries is true? They are homologous with the testes of the male, they produce ova after puberty, they function as endocrine glands producing hormones The causative organism of syphilis is: Treponema pallidum The progesterone hormone is secreted by the: Corpus luteum A Papanicolaou smear of Class 4 indicates Cytology strongly suggestice of malignancy Which of the following eperations produces a surgical menopause in the patient? Panhysterectomy In which of the following patients with uterine myomas is a myomectomy the procedure of choice? Nullipara patient with a fertility problem The tubular glands situated in the wall of the female urethra just inside the meatus are: Skenes ducts The operation for uterine prolapse consisting of a colporrhaphy, perineorrhaphy, and amputation of the cervix is a: Manchester repair All of the following statements concerning cancer of the cervix are true: Primary candidates are multiparas who married young, it is the most common cancer of the reproductive system, cheif symptoms are leucorrhea and irregular vaginal bleeding According to the National Classification, a patient with a diagnosis of stage 3 cancer of the cervix has a lesion: Involving the lower third of vagina and pelvic walls Which of the most common inhabitant of the vaginal tract? Trichomonas vaginalis A growth that occurs in the gravid uterus and develops from the chronic villi is a: Hydatiform mole Which statement concerning endometriosis is true? It is a benign lesion, it is the presence of uterine lining cells in the pelvic cavity, it can be a cause of infertility An abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina is a/an Vesicovaginal fistula The body of the uterus is composed of: endometrium, myometrium, parietal peritoneum, musculature The ligaments which are clamped, divided and ligated abdominal hysterectomy are: Broad, mesovarian, round If radon seeds are accidentally expelled from a patient's vagina, shielding may be accomplished with ___ since the seeds emit___ rays A layer of paper, alpha Trace the route of the ovum from ovary, through the fallopian tube to the uterus Graafian follicle, ova, fimbria, infindibulum, ampulla, isthmus, endometrium Pelvic inflammatory disease can be caused by: gonorrhea, tubercle bacilli, gram- negative bacteria, streptococci Which statement concerning laparoscopy is true The procedure includes a pneumoperitoneum, the patient js placed in trendelenburg position, it may be a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure The leading cause of cancer death in women is cancer of the: Lung A congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens on the under side of the penis or on the perineum is: Hypospadias When a patient is postured in the lateral position for a kidney operation the lower leg is ___ and the upper leg ___. Flexed; remains straight In an orchiopexy, the attachment of the testis to the fascia of the thigh in an effort to reduce tension on the vessels and suture line is known as a: Torek procedure Following a transurethral resection of the prostate, the surgeon may leave a three-way Foley catheter. The third lumen provides a means for: Continous irrigation of the bladder postoperatively A urethrovesical suspension operation for urinary stress incontinence in the female is called a: Marshall-Marchetti In kidney transplant surgery, the donor kidney is usually placed in the: Iliac fossa Which of the following type of urological catheters can be steam sterilized? Rubber catheter, nylon ureteral catheter, bougie The kidneys receive their blood supply through the ___ arteries, which eriginate from the___. Renal; Aorta When X-rays are taken during surgery a lead apron should be worn by operating room personnel if they must remain: Within three feet of the patient A patient with urinary reteation cannot void because of: A failure of the bladder to release urine Involuntary emptying of the bladder During the course of transurethral surgery, the hazards of contamination and short circuits from electrical apparatus are increased due to: The fluid used for distending and irrigating the bladder Saline and distilled water are not the irrigating solutions of choice for TUR operations because they are: Electolytic and hemolytic Which solutions may be used for irrigation during a TUR operation: Glycine and sorbitol Which instrument(s) for transurethral surgery use(s) electrical current to resect tissue and coagulate bleeding vessels? Resectoscope Which muscles are split and retracted in a flank incision for surgery on kidneys and ureters? Internal and External oblique The ___ glands in the male are homologues to the ___ glands in the female Cowper's, Bartholin's Which of the following approaches can be used for removal of the prostate gland: perineal, retropubic, suprapubic, transurethral Which type of catheter has an angulated tip? Coude Which procedure(s) may be performed in the cysto room: Urethroscopy, cystolitholapaxy cystoretrograde, meatotomy Suspension of the bladder neck to the posterior surface of the pubis in the female patient for stress incontinence is a: Marshal-Marchetti operation The excision of the tunica vaginalis of the testis is: Hydrocelectomy Which is not a postoperative complication of radical resection of the prostate? Epiditymitis A congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the ventral surface of the penis is ___ ; a dorsal urinary meatus is ___. Hypospadius, epispadius Urinary tract calculi may form such element as: Calcium, Magnesium ammonium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, uric acid Which of the followin conditions would be a contraindication to hemodialysis: Severe hypertension, septicemia, cardiac irregularities Gout is a diseases caused by excessive accumulation of ___ in the blood: Uric Acid The first step in determining relative compatibility of donor and recipient in kidney transplant is: Identification of blood type Which statement concerning the arteriovenous shunts used for hemodialysis true? Lower extremity shunt requires initial avoidance if weight bearing, shunts are rarely placed above level of elbow or knee, venipuncture for blood specimens are no longer necessary Which catheter is used to dilate a urethral stricture? Filiform Which statement concerning kidney transplant is true? A plaster bandage roll is soaked through and ready for application when: minutes Air bubbles cease to appear Mr. B is scheduled for a biopsy of a bone tumor, possibly an amputation. In which of the following diagnosis would the amplitude not be necessary? Osteochondroma A closed cavity between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovium, contains a small amount of synovial uid and acts a gliding, mechanism is: A bursa The healing process of fracture begins first with ___ formation. This, then, is replaced by ___ tissue which eventually fornas new bone, known as ___. Blood clot, granulation, callus The common name for hallux vaigus is: Bunions A femoral fracture most often seen in obese children is: Slipped femoral epiphysis Which if the following are the surgical procedures for chronic osteomyelitis? Sequestrectomy and saucerization Intramedulary rods are used in which of the following types of fractures? Shaft fractures of long bones For which of the following complications following a fracture must be a patient be closely observed? Shock, Fal embolism, Thromboembolism A bone disorder in which there in an imbalance between bone formation and bone reabsorption (decreased density of bone) is: Osteoporosis A chronic systemic disease if unknown causes, characterized by recurrent inflammation involving the synovium of joints is: Rheumitoid arthritis In an automebile, Mrs. A. sustained a left leg fracture below the hip joint, a left arm fracture with the bone fragments wedged together, and a right forearm fracture with slanting line of breakage. Her fractures are listed as: Left intertrochanteric, impacted left humerus, oblique right radius Skeletal muscles are: Striated voluntary Sequestrum is: Dead bone A plaster cast applied for fracture of the cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae is a: Minerva jacket Mr. C's diagnosis is torn sensilunar cartilage, He is scheduled for Arthrotomy and meniscectomy of the knee Fixation devices of one metal should not be implanted in the body with those of another metal: To avoid possible electrolytic reaction The degree of pressure and the period of time a pneumatic tourniquet can be safely inflated on an extremity depends on which of the following factors? Vascular supply to the extremity In an unreduced ___ fracture, the lower end of the ___ is displaced posteriorly Bennett's, fibula Primary dislocation of the shoulder occurs from forced ___ and ___ rotation of the arm, displacing the humeral head out of the ___ cavity. Abduction, external, glenoid Which of the following would most likely cause shock in a patient Pelvic fracture, femoral shaft fracture Which method of splinting would not be appropriate for immobilizing a fractured hip? Coaptation splint Which statement concerning emergency splinting is not true? Use traction splints on fractures of femur and humerus Without the aid of a physician, which severely angulated fracture(s) should be reduced before splinting Radius and/or ulna A young man complains of severe pain in the edematous, discolered area around his ankle His foot is dorsiflexed and cannot be plantar flexed. The diagnosis is: Ruptured Achilles Tendon A child with a supracondylar fracture of the humerus complains of constant pain, and pallor, absence of pulse and paralysis are noted in the arm. The diagnosis is ___. a mechanical blockage of the ___ at the fracture site. Volkmans ischemia, brachial artery The complete displacement of the normal articulating surfaces of two or more bones is ___ but it is ___ if a portion of the articulating surfaces remain in contact Dislocation, subluxation Which of the following should be splinted before the patient is moved fractured radius, dislocated humeral head, severely sprained ankle Which statement concerning greenstick fracture is true Fractures heal in 6 to 8 weeks, occurs inly in children, opened reduction with casting is unusual treatment Displacement and angulation of a humeral shaft fracture can occur if the ___ muscle ___ and the ___ muscle ___. Pectoralis major, adducts, deltoid, abducts Displaced end of a fractured clavicle can pass into the thoracic outlet and injure the ___ and ___. Subclavian artery or vein, brachioplexus Radial nerve damage in a patient with midshaft humeral fracture may be indentified by Inability to extend fingers, absence of sensation to pinprick over dorsum of forearm An accident victim's x-rays indicate a fractured right collarhone, right arm with bone fragments wedged together and right elbow. The fractures are listed as right: Clavicle, impacted humerusand olecranon Following a football injury, an athlete is unable to plantar flex his ankle. The diagnosis is: Ruptured Achilles Tendon Bone cement or ___ adhere to the ___ but not to the ___. Methyl methacrylate, prosthesis, bone A benign hernia of the synovium from an intercarpal join is known as ___ while an inflammation of the synovium surrounding a tendon is known as ___. A ganglion, tenosynovitis Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of: Osteoblasts and osteoclasts Which statement regarding epiphyses is true They are the ends of long bones, they consist of porous cancellous bone with outer layer of compact bone, bone growth ceases when epiphyseal cartilage is ossified Infection involving all or parts of a bone is ___; and the resulting dead bone is called ___. Osteomyelitis, dysplasia The most serious complication of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus is ___ , which is the result of compression or damage to the ___. Volkmans contracture, brachial artery A fracture in which one side of a bone is broken and the other side is bent is a (an) ___ fracture, Greenstick The sternoclavicular and tibiofibular joints are ___ joints; while the knee and elbow joints are ___ joints. Gliding, hinge A muscle that decreases the angle of a joint is a (an) ___: while a muscle that moves the bone away from the midline is a (an) ___. Flexor, abductor The possible rupture of which tendons should be considered in an injury to the olecranon? Brachialis and biceps Which statement concerning the use of screws as fixation implants is true Screws alone may be used for fixation of oblique or spiral fractures of long bones, they must be long enough to penetrate both cortices, cortical lag screws are sued to hold compression plates in place