AC-HPAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED ANSWERS., Exams of Chemistry

Download AC-HPAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED ANSWERS. and more Exams Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

AC-HPAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS

WITH 100% CORRECTLY SOLVED

ANSWERS.

1. Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: -- Answer ✔✔ Proteins
2. Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: -- Answer ✔✔ Anaerobic Respiration
3. Phagocytosis is a form of: -- Answer ✔✔ Endocytosis
4. What is a pyruvate? -- Answer ✔✔ Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
5. What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to genetic instructions? -- Answer ✔✔ Ribosomes
6. What is the structural and functional unit of life? -- Answer ✔✔ The cell
7. What is a prokaryotic cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
8. What is a eukaryotic cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

9. What is cellular respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
10. What is anaerobic respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ A form of cellular respiration that does not involve oxygen.
11. What is aerobic respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy.
12. Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: -- Answer ✔✔ Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
13. Prokaryotes often reproduce by: -- Answer ✔✔ Binary Fission
14. What is binary fission? -- Answer ✔✔ A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two identical halves.
15. What is cytokinesis? -- Answer ✔✔ The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
16. What is a haploid cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
17. What is a diploid cell? -- Answer ✔✔ A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
18. What is chromatin? -- Answer ✔✔ The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed, consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.

structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins

26. What is endocytosis and exocytosis? -- Answer ✔✔ Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
27. What is a chromatid? -- Answer ✔✔ each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
28. What is an allele? -- Answer ✔✔ An alternative version of a gene; one from each parent.
29. What is a phenotype? -- Answer ✔✔ An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
30. What is a genotype? -- Answer ✔✔ An organism's genetic makeup.
31. When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white one, all the F1 hybrids have pink flowers. This is an example of: -- Answer ✔✔ Incomplete dominance
32. Traits that are alternatives to the wild type (for example, white eyes in a fruit fly as opposed to the usual red) are called: -- Answer ✔✔ Mutant phenotypes
33. Lethal recessive mutations are perpetuated by the reproduction of carriers with normal: -- Answer ✔✔ Phenotypes

34. What is the function of the circulatory system? -- Answer ✔✔ To distribute blood and associated chemicals through the body.
35. What is the function of the respiratory system? -- Answer ✔✔ To take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
36. What is the function of the digestive system? -- Answer ✔✔ To break down food for energy, reabsorb water and nutrients, and eliminate waste.
37. What is a virus? -- Answer ✔✔ A virus is a parasite that can only produce within a living host cell.
38. What are the two cycles of viral reproduction? -- Answer ✔✔ The Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycle.
39. What is the lytic cycle? -- Answer ✔✔ The reproductive cycle of viruses that end in the death of the host.
40. What is the lysogenic cycle? -- Answer ✔✔ The reproductive cycle of a virus, which coexists with the host rather than killing it.
41. What are the three categories of symbiotic relationships? -- Answer ✔✔ Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism
42. Destruction of bacteria by a lytic agent is called: -- Answer ✔✔ A bacteriophagia.
43. What is photosynthesis? -- Answer ✔✔ The process by which light energy, captured by the chloroplasts of plants, is converted to chemical energy.
44. What is the phloem? -- Answer ✔✔ A vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves throughout the rest of the plant.

53. pulmonary artery  Answer ✔✔ 8
54. Inferior Vena Cava  Answer ✔✔ 4
55. pulmonary valve is indicated by number:  Answer ✔✔ 5

56. Tricuspid Valve  Answer ✔✔ 3
57. The superior vena cava is indicated by number:  Answer ✔✔ 1
58. Aorta

 Answer ✔✔ 6

61. Left atrium  Answer ✔✔ 9
62. Pulmonary vein  Answer ✔✔ 10
63. Bicuspid/Mitral Valve

 Answer ✔✔ 11

64. Left Ventricle  Answer ✔✔ 12
65. Aortic Valve  Answer ✔✔ 13

79. What is it called when plaque builds up in the arteries? -- Answer ✔✔ Arteriosclerosis.
80. What is plasma? -- Answer ✔✔ The liquid component of blood.
81. What does the pulmonary vein supply the heart with? -- Answer ✔✔ Oxygenated blood from the lungs.
82. Which component of blood is crucial to clotting? -- Answer ✔✔ The platelets.
83. What shape are red blood cells? -- Answer ✔✔ Biconcave disks.
84. What heart chamber does the vena cava empty into? -- Answer ✔✔ The right atrium.
85. The plasma membrane provides the outer boundary of: -- Answer ✔✔ The cell.
86. The cell membrane is made (mostly) from a double layer of: -- Answer ✔✔ Phospholipids.
87. Which organelle digests other, worn-out organelles, as well as food particles and engulfed viruses and bacteria? -- Answer ✔✔ Lysosomes.
88. Where are the cell's chromosomes stored? -- Answer ✔✔ The nucleus.
89. Which organelle is particularly important for the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins within the cell? -- Answer ✔✔ The endoplasmic reticulum.

90. Which of the following has ribosomes attached to its surface? -- Answer ✔✔ The rough endoplasmic reticulum.
91. After transporting and modifying proteins and lipids, the Golgi apparatus packages them into: -- Answer ✔✔ Vesicles.
92. Which organelle acts as an assembly line where proteins are synthesized from RNA? -- Answer ✔✔ Ribosomes.
93. Which organelle generates energy for the cell? -- Answer ✔✔ Mitochondria.
94. Which of the following organelles could be described as 'a compartment filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules'? -- Answer ✔✔ Vacuole.
95. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move across the plasma membrane by the process of: -- Answer ✔✔ Diffusion.
96. What is the name for the process whereby the membrane of a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, allowing it's contents to be released from the cell? -- Answer ✔✔ Exocytosis.
97. Genetic information is carried out of the nucleus and to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm by: -- Answer ✔✔ mRNA
98. The site of ribosome synthesis and assembly within the cell is: -- Answer ✔✔ The nucleolus.
99. DNA replication takes place in the: -- Answer ✔✔ Nucleus.
100. Lysosomes are known to contain more than 60 different enzymes. Where are they synthesised? -- Answer ✔✔ The rough endoplasmic reticulum

112. Proteins are degraded by which enzyme? -- Answer ✔✔ Pepsin
113. Where in the gastrointestinal tract does pancreatic juice drain into? -- Answer ✔✔ The small intestine.
114. Lipase degrades which group of compounds? -- Answer ✔✔ Fats.
115. Where does protein degradation take place? -- Answer ✔✔ In the stomach.
116. What is the oesophagus made of? -- Answer ✔✔ Smooth cartilage.
117. What gas is a waste product of respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ Carbon dioxide.
118. How is waste carbon dioxide expelled from the body? -- Answer ✔✔ Through expiration.
119. Which substance is another by-product of cellular respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ Water.
120. What is the correct branching order into the lungs? -- Answer ✔✔ Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles.
121. What is the main purpose of respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ To sustain life.
122. What are cilia? -- Answer ✔✔ Hair-like projections on cell surfaces.
123. What are alveoli? -- Answer ✔✔ Air sacs in the lungs.
124. What substance builds up in muscle during anaerobic exercise? -- Answer ✔✔ Lactic acid.

125. Which of these is a substrate for cellular respiration? -- Answer ✔✔ Glucose.
126. What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? -- Answer ✔✔ Nitrogen.
127. Which gas is crucial to all the body's cells? -- Answer ✔✔ Oxygen.
128. Contraction of the diaphragm causes which action to take place? -- Answer ✔✔ Inspiration.
129. Which compound in the blood carries oxygen around the body? -- Answer ✔✔ Haemoglobin.
130. Which structures ensures that the trachea is kept open? -- Answer ✔✔ Cartilaginous rings.
131. What is the function of the cilia in the trachea? -- Answer ✔✔ To waft foreign particles up the windpipe.
132. What causes hiccups? -- Answer ✔✔ Spasms in the diaphragm.
133. What function does the mucus in the trachea serve? -- Answer ✔✔ To trap foreign particles.
134. Why is the trachea made of incomplete rings of cartilage? -- Answer ✔✔ To allow food to go down the oesophagus.
135. What is the function of the epiglottis? -- Answer ✔✔ To prevent food from going down the trachea.
136. After full inspiration, the 'forced vital capacity' is a measure of? -- Answer ✔✔ The volume of air forcibly blown out.

148. What is the atomic number of an atom with 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 20 neutrons? -- Answer ✔✔ 17
149. An atom with an atomic number of 58 and an atomic mass of 118 has how many neutrons? -- Answer ✔✔ 60
150. The mass of an atom is almost entirely contributed by its: -- Answer ✔✔ Nucleus
151. If an atom consists of 9 protons and 10 neutrons, it's number of electrons is: -- Answer ✔✔ 9
152. What is a valance shell? -- Answer ✔✔ The last energy level in which loosely held electrons are contained. These are the electrons that engage into bonding and are therefore characteristic of the elements.
153. What is an energy level? -- Answer ✔✔ The volume of space where certain electrons of specific energy are restricted to move around the nucleus.
154. What is an anion? -- Answer ✔✔ A negatively charged ion. It is the result of a gained electron. Most anions are non-metallic.
155. What is a cation? -- Answer ✔✔ A positively charged ion. It is the result of a loosed electron. Most cations are metallic.
156. What is an ionic compound? -- Answer ✔✔ A compound formed by combining an anion and a cation.
157. What is an ionic bond? -- Answer ✔✔ The attractive electrostatic forces between a cation and an anion.
158. What is a covalent bond? -- Answer ✔✔ A type of bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve an octet of electrons.

159. What is electronegativity? -- Answer ✔✔ The ability of an atom in a bond to attract the electron density more than the other atom(s) in the bond.
160. What is a dipole? -- Answer ✔✔ The result of a covalent bond between two atoms of different electronegativities.
161. What is a hydrogen bond? -- Answer ✔✔ A weak bond that forms between dipoles of consecutive polar molecules or polar groups of macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA.
162. The bond between oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is: -- Answer ✔✔ A polar covalent bond.
163. The type of bond formed between two molecules of water is: -- Answer ✔✔ A hydrogen bond.
164. To acquire an outer octet, an atom of element 19 has to: -- Answer ✔✔ Lose an electron (and acquire a charge of +1).
165. The most common ions of the elements of group 2 have electrical charges of: -- Answer ✔✔ -1.
166. Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds containing: -- Answer ✔✔ Carbon.
167. Alkynes must contain: -- Answer ✔✔ One triple bond.
168. Carbohydrates are compounds containing: -- Answer ✔✔ Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
169. What type of alcohol can be oxidized to form a Ketone? -- Answer ✔✔ 2-butanol.
170. Name the compound Cu2O using the traditional method. ( is a subscript) -- Answer ✔✔ Cuprous oxide.