Accommodations and Strategies for Students with Disabilities, Exams of Nursing

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Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Piaget's stage of cognitive development - Correct Answers ✅A. sensorimotor stage B. preoperational stage C. concrete operational stage D. formal operational stage Sensorimotor - Correct Answers ✅birth to 2 years old; sensory information from their surrounding environments and motor activities Preoperational Stage - Correct Answers ✅2 to 7 years old; not yet developed the ability to perform mental operations; egocentric; conservation-the concept that quantities remain constant regardless of shape or appearance. Animism-attributing human qualities to inanimate objects Magical thinking-external events to one's internal thoughts Concrete Operational Stage - Correct Answers ✅7 to 11 years old; the ability to think logically and conduct mental operations with regard to concrete objects. They still have trouble comprehending hypothetical and abstract concepts. Formal Operational Stage - Correct Answers ✅ability to understand and manipulate completely abstract concepts; the development of logic; deductive reasoning; consider hypothetical situations

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Communication of Autism Spectrum Disorders - Correct Answers ✅The children also may show excellent verbal skills in monologues, but they are not able to initiate and maintain conversations and have difficulty with turn-taking. ADHD - Correct Answers ✅impulse control; emotional self-regulation; sustain attention; interfering with social interactions as much as with academic performance Three types of hearing loss - Correct Answers ✅conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss Chronic Otitis Media - Correct Answers ✅It occurs when fluid remains in the inner ear. This can cause poor balance as fluid fills the Eustachian tubes. The fluid affects balance, which can cause clumsiness. It will make hearing soft sounds difficult. Conductive hearing - Correct Answers ✅It happens when sound is not efficiently conducted from the outer ear canal to the ear drum. This type can be corrected with surgery. In this type of hearing loss, the person will have trouble hearing faint sounds and also have a reduction in their sound levels.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorders - Correct Answers ✅The students also may show excellent verbal skills in monologues but be unable to initiate and maintain conversations and have difficulty with turn-taking. Receptive Language - Correct Answers ✅the ability to understand spoken and written language Echolalia - Correct Answers ✅continually repeating what others say is normal in younger children. Down syndrome - Correct Answers ✅lower/weaker muscle tone/hypotonia May not develop physical coordination, balance, and proprioception Oral-motor skills are slower small noses short, stubby fingers short, thick necks small heads celiac disease (gluten intolerance) gastroesophageal reflux hypothyroidism hearing and vision problems

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Accommodations for blind students - Correct Answers ✅braille, computer text-to-speech software, orientation and mobility specialists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists - Correct Answers ✅teach blind students how to get around in indoor and outdoor settings. Activities of Daily Living - Correct Answers ✅self-feeding, toileting, walking Rubric - Correct Answers ✅used to describe an assessment tool that provides performance level categories and descriptors for ranges of performance in each category. Observation-based assessment - Correct Answers ✅enables the evaluator to see the student's performance in a variety of contexts. Depakote - Correct Answers ✅an anticonvulsive prescribed to control seizures. Pulmozyme - Correct Answers ✅a medicine for a patient who has cystic fibrosis. It makes the lung secretions thinner and thus less likely to obstruct breathing, and also decreases the patient's risk of respiratory tract infections.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Spina bifida - Correct Answers ✅the neural tube that will become the baby's brain, spinal cord and enclosing tissues does not close completely. Treatment: surgery, exercises preparing for later assisted walking. Muscular dystrophy - Correct Answers ✅a genetic condition, makes muscle fibers unusually vulnerable to damage, causing progressive weakness, breathing/swallowing difficulties/ limb contractures. Cystic fibrosis - Correct Answers ✅a genetic defect that makes normally thin, slippery secretory juices become thick and sticky. These fluids, which normally lubricate the tissues, when thicken obstruct passage ways, ducts, and tubes, particularly in the lungs and pancreas. Treatment: antibiotics, muscus thinning meds, bronchodilators, vibrating vests, breathing exercises, nutritional counseling, energy- conserving techniques, and oxygen therapy. reliability - Correct Answers ✅consistency of an assessment and instruments' data across repeated administrations of the tests. validity - Correct Answers ✅whether a test measures what it claims and intends to measure. Various validities: content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, concurrent validity, predictive validity.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Generalizability - Correct Answers ✅the consistency of the test scores over repeated administrations, but it moverover refers to the specific features of a certain test. compensatory grading - Correct Answers ✅the practice of balancing out tower performance in one area or subject with higher performance in another Noncompensatory grading - Correct Answers ✅does not permit such balancing but requires a similar standard of achievement in each area or subject. Standard deviation - Correct Answers ✅measures variability within a set of numbers. In interpreting assessment results. It measures how much scores among a group of test-takers vary around the mean/average. Domain - Correct Answers ✅the identified scope of expected learning to be assessed. Item Response Theory - Correct Answers ✅posits that performance on a test item is attributed to three influences: the item itself, the test taker, and the interaction between two.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Conductive hearing loss - Correct Answers ✅is caused by some problems in the outer and/ or middle ear-wax buildup foreign objects, and otitis media. Sensorineural hearing loss - Correct Answers ✅the inner ear/nerves/brain caused by cochlear hair cells, mechanical cochlear dysfunction, auditory nerve damage. air-conduction audiometry - Correct Answers ✅uses over- the- ear headphones or in-ear phones or buds -can diagnose sensorineural, conductive, or mixed hearing loss. bone-conduction testing - Correct Answers ✅places a vibrator on the temporal bone forehead using a headband. otosclerosis - Correct Answers ✅genetic abnormal overgrowth of bone conductive hearing loss. It can be treated with surgery. Meniere's disease - Correct Answers ✅affects the vestibular system, causing balance problems, vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss, tends to cause changes in hearing levels over short times. Otorrhea - Correct Answers ✅is discharge coming out of the ear (s). It can consist of mucus, pus, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Gradenigo's syndrome - Correct Answers ✅a group of symptoms including ear pain, discharge from the ear that hurts and double vision. Cued speech - Correct Answers ✅an alternative system of visual communication for deaf and hard of hearing people. -a way of encoding the English language. combines speech's mouth movements with hand shapes and placements to make speech sounds appear more distinctively different from one another. 8 handshapes near the face. Total communication - Correct Answers ✅oral speech, sign language, speech reading, body language, and the use of amplification. Manually coded English - Correct Answers ✅is a "constructed" system of signing that uses signs taken from ASL to represent words in spoken or written English sentences. uses the syntactic structure of English -Signed English -Signed Essential English -Seeing Essential English

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Moderate Loss - Correct Answers ✅40 dB to 60 dB Severe Loss - Correct Answers ✅60 dB to 80dB Profound Loss - Correct Answers ✅80 dB to more Unilateral - Correct Answers ✅hearing loss in one ear Bilateral - Correct Answers ✅Hearing loss in both ears Symmetrical - Correct Answers ✅degree and configuration are the same in both ears Asymmetrical - Correct Answers ✅degree and configuration are different in each ear. progressive - Correct Answers ✅hearing is lost over a period of time. sudden - Correct Answers ✅loss that is acute and quick; usually requires immediate medical attention.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Bilingual-bicultural educational approach - Correct Answers ✅is modeled upon educational programs for students learning English as a second language or English language learners. Cochlear Implants - Correct Answers ✅uses electrodes that are surgically implanted in the cochlea, which are stimulated by signals they are sent by a connected outer device placed behind the ear (s). Autism spectrum disorders, aphasia, and learning disabilities - Correct Answers ✅all of which can cause difficulties with both spoken and written language- can benefit from using ASL as a supplement to their primary communication methods. Acoustic immittance testing - Correct Answers ✅is used to measure how much resistance, or impedance, exists in the ear's conductive mechanisms. Bekesy audiometry - Correct Answers ✅automated and do not require an examiner to present pure tones diagnosing sensorineural hearing loss, as a single test is indicative for a variety of factors such as thresholds, patterns and tone decays often eliminating the need for multiple test batteries.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

2. scaffolding
3. give students specific feedback to encourage rereading and revision of written of written work.
4. connect students with audiences outside their classroom, even outside their country via technology.
5. focus on vocabulary, giving new word exposures and subject terms. dyslexia - Correct Answers ✅students have trouble with the visual processing printed language. Adapted remedial reading approach - Correct Answers ✅automaticity, repetition, functional vocabulary, positive relationship lexical signs - Correct Answers ✅left hemisphere of the brain. classifier signs - Correct Answers ✅right hemisphere of the brain. Numbers of Organizations - Correct Answers ✅teaching standards for ASL teacher preparations a. National Association of the Deaf's Education Section b. ASL Teachers Association c. The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

d. the Association of Teacher Educators e. the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education f. the Virginia Department of Education

1. language skills
2. teaching
3. knowledge and scholarship
4. services/other professional initiatives Traumatic Eardrum Perforations - Correct Answers ✅Can cause pain, bleeding, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Diagnosis is based on Otoscopy. Treatment often unnecessary. Antibiotics may be needed for infection. Caused by sudden air pressure change in the external auditory meatus. (Compression: hit/slapped, skiing, explosions, by instrumentation-Q-tip-burns, lightning, skull fracture). 90% spontaneous healing. chaining - Correct Answers ✅technique whereby an English word is finger spelled, pointed to in print (or signed) and finger spelled again. alt: sign for word, finger spelling, sign for word lexicalization - Correct Answers ✅process wherein a finger-spelled word becomes a sign.

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

Topicalization Conditionals mixed hearing loss - Correct Answers ✅sensorineural and conductive component can be treated by medical or surgical means. Residual hearing - Correct Answers ✅what sounds your child is able to hear. Academic American Sign Language - Correct Answers ✅a. Use sign vocabulary expressing abstract concepts b. express details in an intelligible manner c. incorporate ASL grammar and syntax in signing d. incorporate spatial setup, eye gazing, and body shifting in signing e. translate and retell in American Sign Language the text they have read. f. watch video of a story told in ASL and then retell it in ASL. g. Take a short story with a beginning, middle, and end and narrate it according to the formats for discourse and genre in ASL. h. Include words and concepts in fingerspelling as well as signs. i. specifically communicate various relationships among events that involve time, using "and", "so", "them", "before", and "until"

Exam) Question & Answers 2024

j. include aspects of ASL such as classifiers, non-manual markers, and the use of space k. propose problems in educational and personal areas l. refer to principles to influence others m. express the same ideas using various signs Family Literacy Packs - Correct Answers ✅a. children's books b. DVD of a deaf signer c. discussing vocabulary d. Translated into Spanish e. Meaningful themes f. Family Photo Album and Disposal camera g. family brochures h. bingo cards i. worksheets to develop family trees j. peek-a-boo houses How to teach bilingual American Sign Language and English Writing Process - Correct Answers ✅1. Pre-writing ASL brainstorming- live and/or videotaped

2. Glossing, drawing, videotaping, clarifying, adding ASL features, replaying videos.