Addressing the Health Care Needs of Older Adults, Exams of Nursing

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Final exam review for care of the older

adult

is the following statement true or false? After the establishment of medicare and medicaid in 1965 few new models of care emerged to address diverse health care needs of older adults - Correct Answer False is the following statement true or false? Subacute care for elders units address the complex needs of hospitalized older adults through multidisciplinary assessments and interventions - Correct Answer False What setting provides a combination of skilled nursing for short term post hospital residents and intermediate care services for long term reidents A. Acute care for elders B. Subacute care unit C. Hospital at home D. Nursing home - Correct Answer nursing homes is the following statement true or false? skilled home care services provide long term skilled nursing or rehabilitative services for homebound people who meet specific criteria. - Correct Answer False What model of care is focused on the coordination and continuity of care as individuals transfers between locations of care within the same care facility A. Evercare B. Transitional care C. Geriatric care management D. Case management services - Correct Answer transitional care which statement is true about age-related changes affecting the action of medications in the older adult A. Renal changes may affect the concentrations of medications in the body B. Liver metabolism of medications is increased in older adults C. Water-soluble substances have a less intense effect in the older adult D. Fat-soluble substances may have a decreased duration of action - Correct Answer Renal changes may affect the concentrations of medications in the body Which risk factor may have negative effect on bioactive substances as the older adult A. Appropriate prescribing practices B. Increased prevalence of chronic conditions C. Knowledge of medications

D. Avoidance of over-the-counter preparations - Correct Answer increased prevalence of chronic conditions which medication is inappropriate for use in the older adult population according to Beers criteria A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs B. Anticonvulsants C. Opioid analgesics D. Anticholinergic drugs - Correct Answer Anticholinergic drugs Mrs. N is prescribed a complex medication regiment for the chronic condition of diabetes mellitus. In addition to the prescribed regimen, another factor for non adherence may include: A. Living with her daughter B. Knowledge of the medications C. Adverse effects of the medication D. Cognitive wellness - Correct Answer Adverse effects of the medications which mechanism may affect medications by altering absorption in the stomach A. Increased transit time B. Competitive binding of molecules C. Increased stomach secretions D. Decreased time to reach peak serum levels - Correct Answer competitive binding of molecules Tardive dyskinesia has developed in an 88 year old patient being cared for in long term care setting. The nurse evaluates the medications knowing that which of the following may cause tar dive dyskinesia? A. Lorazepam B. Haloperidol C. Morphine sulfate D. Chloroquinine - Correct Answer Antipsychotics such as Haloperidol and thioridazine Describe autonomy - Correct Answer personal freedom to direct ones own life if it does not infringe on others rights Decision- making capacity is best determined based on which criteria? A. Medical diagnosis on admission B. Chronologic age C. Ability to understand pertinent issues D. Feelings of the surrogate - Correct Answer ability to understand pertinent issues Which is a limitation of a living will A. It allows a surrogate to make health care decisions B. It is not a legal document C. It applies only to the end of life or terminal illness

D. It cannot be revoked - Correct Answer It applies only to the end of life or terminal illness how can a nurse support family focused decisions related to care for the client with advanced directives in place? (select all that apply) A.Providing accurate information on rights and statutes B.Addressing questions about care options C.Listening to the needs and concerns of all involved D.Attending to concerns about treatment options and end-of-life care E.Deferring to the primary care providers when decision making is required - Correct Answer A,B,C,D Providing accurate information on rights and statutes Addressing questions about care options Listening to the needs and concerns of all involved Attending to concerns about treatment options and end-of-life care Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the invisibility of elder abuse? A. Older adults have less contact with the community B. Older adults are reticent to admit being abused C. Myths foster denial of problems of vulnerability D. Most older adults live in long-term care settings - Correct Answer Most older adults live in long-term care settings Which factors do contribute to the invisibility of elder abuse - Correct Answer Older adults have less contact with the community Older adults are reticent to admit being abused Myths foster denial of problems of vulnerability What is the definition of exploitation, as a form of abuse? A. Intentional or unintentional refusal or failure to provide goods or services B. Illegal taking, misuse, or concealment of funds, property, or assets C. Infliction of mental pain, distress, or anguish through verbal or nonverbal acts D. Deprivation of a basic need or inflicting physical injury - Correct Answer Illegal taking, misuse, or concealment of funds, property, or assets In what way does assessment of elder abuse differ from usual nursing? A. A major focus is to determine whether legal interventions are necessary B. Realistic goals for the abuse situations are often unlimited C. Abused elders often seek assistance from health care team D. The nurse is viewed as a trusted source of assistance - Correct Answer A major focus is to determine whether legal interventions are necessary What is the most immediate nursing consideration in determining whether legal intervention is necessary in an abusive situation? A. Need for assistance B. Cause of the abuse

C. Threats to life D. Timing of the abuse - Correct Answer threats to life Which of the following is not a nursing intervention to reduce caregiver stress, and thus the potential for abuse? A. Suggesting Alcoholics Anonymous for alcoholic caregivers B. Referring caregivers for individual counseling to learn coping skills C. Providing in-home or day care programs for respite care D. Proposing admission to a long-term care facility - Correct Answer Proposing admission to a long-term care facility Which statement is true related to mandatory reporting laws? A. Mandatory reporting laws do not require reporters to know whether abuse has occurred B. Mandatory reporting laws do not provide immunity for mandatory reporters C. Nurses can delegate the role of reporting abuse D. Nurses do not have to report suspected cases of abuse - Correct Answer Mandatory reporting laws do not require reporters to know whether abuse has occurred Which statement can be made regarding the older adult's decision-making skills? A. Affect and motivation have little impact on the decision-making process B. Older adults may require more time to make decisions C. A large amount of information is necessary to make a decision D. The decision will probably be made based on impulse - Correct Answer Older adults may require more time to make decisions Which of the following is not a risk factor for cognitive impairment? A. Difficulties with vision and hearing B. Anticholinergic medications C. Deficiencies in vitamins A and D D. Effects of ageism - Correct Answer Deficiencies in vitamins A and D Which activity would be most effective for promoting cognitive wellness? A. Daytime napping B. Tai chi C. Moderate alcohol consumption D. Listening comprehension exercises - Correct Answer Tai chi Is the following statement true or false. Clothing, grooming, cosmetics, and hygiene provide many clues to psychosocial function, and they are a reliable indicator of health status - Correct Answer False True or false Assessment of memory is especially challenging because memory complaints are common among older adults, but these complaints are not necessarily based on actual deficits in memory function - Correct Answer True

Mood is closely associated with emotions but differs from them. Which of the following is descriptive of mood? A. Attuned more to environmental influences B. More pervasive, less intense, and longer lasting C. Closely accompanied by nonverbal behaviors D. Expressed as a feeling in a certain circumstance - Correct Answer More pervasive, less intense, and longer lasting Which statement best describes a delusion A. Misperceptions of an external stimulus B. Sensory experiences that have no basis in an external stimulus C. Fixed false beliefs that have little or no basis in reality D. Misperceptions of an external stimulus - Correct Answer Fixed false beliefs that have little or no basis in reality Which statement about delirium and the older adult is true? A. Of all hospitalized older adults, 20% to 30% experience delirium B. A functional consequence of delirium during hospitalization is increased mortality C. The onset of delirium during a hospitalization commonly occurs 6 days after admission D. The duration of delirium is likely to be 2 years after discharge from the hospital setting - Correct Answer B. A functional consequence of delirium during hospitalization is increased mortality Which of the following is the best description of dementia? A. Manifestation of a treatable condition B. Syndrome of impaired cognition C. Single disease D. Complication of illness - Correct Answer Syndrome of impaired cognition You are caring for a patient who had a severe reaction to a cholinergic medication. What type of dementia is associated with this type of reaction? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Vascular dementia C. Dementia with Lewy bodies D. Frontotemporal dementia - Correct Answer Dementia with Lewy bodies Which assessment tool is used to determine the progression of dementia? A. Global Deterioration Scale/Functional Assessment Staging B. Palliative Performance Scale C. Dementia Diagnostic Tool Scale D. SPICES Tool for Assessment - Correct Answer Global Deterioration Scale/Functional Assessment Staging

What should nursing interventions focus on as dementia-related behaviors reflect an inability of the older adult to communicate needs? A. Reorientation strategies on an hourly basis B. Identification of underlying causes for behavior C. Assisting the patient in all aspects of care D. Promotion of healthy coping strategies - Correct Answer Identification of underlying causes for behavior Which best describes psychosocial theories related to late-life depression? A. Self-image, environment or experiences, and the future B. Impact of loss, buffering effects of social supports, and social network C. Changes in the brain, nervous system, and neuroendocrine system D. Personalization, minimization, and overgeneralization - Correct Answer Impact of loss, buffering effects of social supports, and social network Which statement about depression and the older adult is true? A. The majority of older adults admitted to hospitals for mood disorders have a dysthymic disorder B. Depression is likely to be unrecognized and untreated in the majority of older adults C. An adequate support system will protect an older adult from depression D. Functional impairment and physical disability are minimal risks for depression - Correct Answer Depression is likely to be unrecognized and untreated in the majority of older adults Health promotion interventions can act to improve psychosocial health in the older adult population. What is the most useful intervention? A. Enhance self-efficacy B. Improve reliance on family C. Adjust the environment D. Calculate risk potential - Correct Answer Enhance self-efficacy Which type of antidepressant has dangerous and potentially fatal effects when it interacts with other medications and some types of food? A. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors B. Cyclic antidepressants C. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors D. Psychomotor stimulants - Correct Answer Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Which statement about the sense of taste and the older adult is true? A. The number of taste buds declines with age, and they do not regenerate B. Age-related changes do not affect taste sensations C. Older adults are easily able to detect sour, salty, and bitter tastes D. Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste - Correct Answer Healthy older adults maintain the ability to detect sweet taste

Absorption of which nutrient is most affected by age-related changes in the small intestine? A. Calcium and vitamin D B. Phosphorus and vitamin A C. Selenium and vitamin K D. Magnesium and the B vitamins - Correct Answer Calcium and Vitamin D True or False Older adults experience a diminished thirst sensation - Correct Answer True True or False Eating alone has been associated with a 30% decline in caloric intake when compared with caloric intake of people who eat in the company of others - Correct Answer True In which population is undernutrition most commonly found? A. Community-living older adults B. Hospitalized elderly C. People living in long-term care facilities D. Older adults living with children - Correct Answer People living in long-term care facilities An older adult has recently become incontinent of urine. Which of the following is a common perception of incontinence? A. It is a problem that most older adults willingly discuss B. Older adults view incontinence as a normal part of aging C. Most older adults are aware that incontinence can be easily treated D. Older adults may need a Foley catheter for a short period of time - Correct Answer Older adults view incontinence as a normal part of aging What type of medication may contribute to stress incontinence in women with estrogen depletion? A. Anticholinergic agents B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents C. Neuroleptic agents D. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents - Correct Answer Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents What is the cause of stress incontinence? A. Involuntary urinary leakage due to an inability to hold urine B. Involuntary detrusor muscle contractions C. Urinary leakage due to relaxation of the urethra D. Involuntary leakage of urine as a result of increased abdominal pressure - Correct Answer Involuntary leakage of urine as a result of increased abdominal pressure Which electrolyte imbalance may occur related to altered homeostasis and urinary function in the older adult population?

A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypernatremia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hyperchloremia - Correct Answer Hyperkalemia True or False Age related changes in cardiac physiology are minimal - Correct Answer True At what time of day would an older adult experience postprandial hypotension A. Immediately on awakening B. After breakfast C. Late afternoon D. Before bedtime - Correct Answer After breakfast What is white coat hypertension? A. Elevated systolic blood pressure as a result of an inability of the blood pressure cuff to compress the arteries B. Elevated blood pressure readings during a visit to the healthcare provider C. Elevated diastolic blood pressure during minimal exercise D. Elevated blood pressure readings found while people are under stress - Correct Answer Elevated blood pressure readings during a visit to the healthcare provider True or false Selection of antihypertensive medications in the older adult population is based on the consideration of potential adverse effects and is related to various types of functional impairment that exist in this population - Correct Answer True Which is not an age-related change that can affect respiratory performance? A. Shortened thorax B. Chest wall stiffness C. Increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest D. Decreased respiratory rate with exertion - Correct Answer Decreased respiratory rate with exertion True or false The maximum level of respiratory function in middle and later adulthood is significantly influenced by the maximum level reached during the fifth decade of life. - Correct Answer False Older adults are most likely to enter an emergency department with which of the following symptoms of pneumonia? A. Cough productive of large amounts of mucus B. Altered mental status C. Temperature above 100.5°F D. Shortness of breath - Correct Answer altered mental status

Which statement related to the influenza vaccine and the older adult population is true? A. The majority of older adults receive the influenza vaccine. B. Hospitalization admission rates for respiratory infection are decreased for those who receive the vaccination. C. Influenza vaccinations do not require a physician's order. D. The primary reason that health care workers need to be vaccinated is so that they do not get the flu. - Correct Answer Hospitalization admission rates for respiratory infection are decreased for those who receive the vaccination. true or false Age-related changes have little impact on the overall quantity of sleep of older adults, but they do have a significant impact of the quality of sleep and the quantity of rest. - Correct Answer True True or false The sleep-wake circadian rhythm generally causes adults to become sleepy between 8 pm and 10 pm and to wake feeling rested between 7 am and 9 am - Correct Answer False The sleep-wake circadian rhythm generally causes adults to become sleepy between 10 pm and midnight and to wake feeling rested between 6 am and 8 am Which disease condition is likely to be exacerbated during sleep? A. Coronary artery disease B. Diabetes mellitus C. Hyperthyroidism D. Prostatitis - Correct Answer coronary artery disease What is one of the most effective health promotion interventions to support healthy sleeping patterns for the older adult? A. Education about age-related changes in sleep patterns B. Encouragement of daytime napping C. Suggesting herbal remedies for sleep D. Increasing caloric intake at dinner time - Correct Answer Education about age- related changes in sleep patterns Which statement best describes a change in the female sexual organs as a result of diminished estrogen? A. Bartholin's glands enlarge and secrete more fluid B. The vagina becomes longer and wider C. The vaginal wall and mucosa become thinner D. The amount of pubic hair increases - Correct Answer The vaginal wall and mucosa become thinner Which is the strongest determinant of sexual activity for the older woman? A. Social circumstances B. Environmental influences

C. Hormonal activity D. Chronic disease potential - Correct Answer social circumstances Which disease is identified as the most common risk factor that causes sexual dysfunction in older men and women? A. Chronic renal failure B. Diabetes mellitus C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia D. Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer Diabetes mellitus true or false Related to sexuality, research has demonstrated that the older adults find kissing and hugging the most important activities - Correct Answer True Which is the most important prerequisite for any nurse who is going to assess sexual wellness and the older adult? A. In-depth knowledge of the PLISSIT model for assessment B. Assessment of personal attitudes about sexuality and aging C. Consideration of aging changes in the older adult D. Evaluation of activities that can limit sexual functioning - Correct Answer Assessment of personal attitudes about sexuality and aging Which statement about illness in the older adult population is true? A. Acute conditions account for the majority of health care needs B. Chronic conditions have a minimal effect on quality of life C. Health care needs are affected by multiple interacting conditions D. Psychosocial consequences of illness have a minimal impact on the older adult - Correct Answer Health care needs are affected by multiple interacting conditions Nurses can promote wellness during illness through which nursing intervention? A. Identification of dependency needs B. Referrals for long-term care C. Strengthening of support resources D. Evaluation of former lifestyle choices - Correct Answer Strengthening of support resources You are caring for an 80-year-old man who states "I don't need to quit smoking now—it doesn't matter anymore." What is the best response? A. "You are right—the damage to your lungs has already been done" B. "If you want to quit smoking, there are programs available to help you quit" C. "What does your family think about your smoking?" D. "You will feel better mentally if you quit smoking" - Correct Answer "If you want to quit smoking, there are programs available to help you quit." Which nursing measure best describes the promotion of wellness in the older adult population as it relates to palliative care programs?

A. Promotion of physical function B. Management of distressing symptoms C. Aggressive evaluation and treatment of chronic conditions D. Interventions appropriate for a person who is dying - Correct Answer Management of distressing symptoms Which condition is the most common cause of persistent pain in the older adult population? A. Fibromyalgia B. Arthritis C. Polyneuropathy D. Hip fracture - Correct Answer Arthritis Which is one of the most common barriers to pain management with the older adult population? A. Older adults frequently complain of pain B. An attitude that pain is a normal part of aging C. Absence of assessment tools D. Sensory impairment of the older adult - Correct Answer An attitude that pain is a normal part of aging What assumption demonstrates a need for further instructions regarding the assessment of pain? A. It is appropriate to ask the patient about his or her experience with pain B. Acceptance of the patient's description of the pain he or she is describing C. Assuming that patients who are sleeping are not in pain D. Communicating the pain assessment findings to the health care team - Correct Answer Assuming that patients who are sleeping are not in pain Which medication classification can be used as an adjuvant analgesic for neuropathic pain? A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents B. Opioid analgesics C. Anticonvulsants D. Beta-blocking agents - Correct Answer anticonvulsants Dependence, as a term related to pain management and opioid medications, is described as: A. Compulsive use of a medication without a prescription B. Pharmacodynamic response due to chronic drug administration C. Physiologic phenomenon with the onset of withdrawal symptoms D. Recurring side effects with continued usage - Correct Answer Physiologic phenomenon with the onset of withdrawal symptoms true or false?

Half of Americans older than 65 die in hospitals although the majority of older adults state that they would prefer to die in their own home - Correct Answer true true or false? Older adults have expressed a desire to die in the hospital rather than at home or a nursing home - Correct Answer false true or false? Hospice care can be provided in the home, freestanding inpatient care centers, nursing homes, or the hospital - Correct Answer true true or false? Including family members in their loved ones' dying process ultimately has a positive impact on the experience - Correct Answer true true or false The Functional Consequences Theory explains the unique relationships among the concepts of person, health, nursing, and environment in the context of promoting wellness for older adults. - Correct Answer True What are positive functional consequences? A.Observable effects of actions, risk factors, and age-related changes that influence quality of life or day-to-day activities of older adults B.The effects that relate to all levels of functioning, including body, mind, and spirit C.Those that interfere with older adult's functioning or quality of life D.Those that facilitate highest level of functioning, least dependency, and best quality of life - Correct Answer those that facilitate the highest level of functioning, least dependency, and best quality of life true or false? Risk factors are conditions that increase the vulnerability of older adults to positive functional consequences - Correct Answer false true or false? One way of addressing the question How long can we live is by measuring life span, life expectancy, and morbidity and mortality rates - Correct Answer True What is the maximum survival potential for humans? - Correct Answer 124 years What is a pertinent concept from biologic theories of aging? A. Address questions about basic age-related changes, which are characterized as deleterious, progressive, intrinsic, universal, irreversible, and genetically programmed B. Attempt to explain how a society influences its old people and how old people influence their society C. Include disengagement, activity, subculture, age stratification, and person-- environment fit theories

D. Provide a framework for addressing certain psychosocial issues that are common among older adults - Correct Answer Address questions about basic age-related changes, which are characterized as deleterious, progressive, intrinsic, universal, irreversible, and genetically programmed What is a psychological theory of aging? A. Human needs B. Disengagement C. Age stratification D. Subculture - Correct Answer Human needs True or false? Wellness focuses on physical health and functioning? - Correct Answer False True or false? The focus of older adult health care environments is on disease prevention or health promotion rather than disease treatment - Correct Answer false What is a myth that affects nursing care of older adults? A. Most older adults live independently, have high levels of self-reported health, and are aging successfully B. People usually feel old based on their health and function, rather than on their chronologic age C. Gerontologists have discovered that by the age of 75 years, people are quite homogeneous as a group D. Ageism is more common in industrialized societies and is highly influenced by stereotypes and cultural values - Correct Answer A. Gerontologists have discovered that by the age of 75 years, people are quite homogeneous as a group true or false? Gerontology and geriatrics are areas professional specialization that have evolved since the mid-1960s to address the unique needs of older adults - Correct Answer false True or false? Nurses have important roles in health promotion interventions, which are essential for preventing chronic conditions, reducing mortality, and improving quality of life for older adults - Correct Answer True Nurses have an important role in teaching older adults about.. - Correct Answer All of the above A. Benefits of physical activity B. Chronic disease control C. Medication side effects D. Smoking cessation

In the pre contemplation stage, an individual has no intention of changing behaviors within what time frame? - Correct Answer 6 months Which statement best describes the challenge of health assessment of the older adult? A. Signs of infection with an acute illness are predictable B. Symptoms of chronic conditions interact with acute conditions C. Health problems are easily detected when they occur D. Complications of illness are rare in people with cognitive impairment - Correct Answer Symptoms of chronic conditions interact with acute conditions Nurses who use the Minimum Data Set for assessment in nursing homes understand that utilization of this tool promotes: A. Improved care in nursing homes B. Nursing competency of the staff C. Socialization skills of the residents D. Patient advocacy requirements - Correct Answer improved care in nursing homes What does assessment of ADLS include? - Correct Answer Dressing, bathing, eating, elimination, and mobility What is not a measure in the assessment of the older adult's ability to drive? A. Identification of potential risks B. Potential visual impairments C. Chronologic age D. Neuromuscular function - Correct Answer chronological age Which is the most prevalent risk factor for impaired hearing? A. Use of ototoxic medications B. Exposure to noise C. Age-related changes of the ear D. Genetic factors - Correct Answer Exposure to noise Which statement about tinnitus is true? A. Tinnitus is a rare pathologic condition B. Tinnitus is a periodic sensation of ringing in the ears C. People with tinnitus should be evaluated for associated pathologic conditions D. People with tinnitus hear things that originate in the external environment - Correct Answer People with tinnitus should be evaluated for associated pathologic conditions Which letters of the alphabet become distorted as hearing loss progresses? - Correct Answer B, D, K, P, T What do studies of the psychosocial consequences of hearing impairment demonstrate? A. Hearing loss is less likely to have detrimental effects for people who have few social relationships

B. Hearing loss has a greater social impact on older women C. Hearing loss has a greater emotional impact on older men D. Hearing loss has minimal effects on psychosocial function - Correct Answer Hearing loss is less likely to have detrimental effects for people who have few social relationships Which is not a contraindication for clearing the impacted ear canal of cerumen? A. Recent ear infection B. History of ruptured tympanic membrane C. Pain or swelling D. Chronic disease of the respiratory system - Correct Answer Chronic disease of the respiratory system Which statement about age-related changes that affect vision is true? A. Gradual age-related changes in vision have an immense impact on the older adult's quality of life B. Age-related changes affect all the structures involved in visual function C. The size of the pupil enlarges, which causes more light to reach the retina D. Arcus senilis is a rare age-related change associated with protein accumulation - Correct Answer Age-related changes affect all the structures involved in visual function What is presbyopia? - Correct Answer The loss of accommodation Opacification and yellowing of the lens cause an altered perception of which colors? - Correct Answer Blue and green A client complains of a loss of peripheral vision. Which condition should the client be evaluated for? - Correct Answer Glaucoma Which is not a consequence of visual impairment while driving? A. Slower dark and light adaptation B. Interference with peripheral vision C. Increased illumination with tinted windows D. Difficulty with perception of the colors of traffic lights - Correct Answer C. Increased illumination with tinted windows True or false? Exercise programs to increase strength and endurance in the older adult population may help delay the onset of the age-related functional consequences of decreased strength and endurance - Correct Answer true Which statement about osteoporosis is true? A. Primary osteoporosis occurs with pathologic problems B. Secondary osteoporosis occurs as a result of age-related changes C. Osteoporosis can cause serious negative functional consequences even in the absence of additional risk factors

D. Estrogen levels have a minimal impact on the development of osteoporosis - Correct Answer C. Osteoporosis can cause serious negative functional consequences even in the absence of additional risk factors. Which statement related to risk factors for falls and the older adult is true? A. Falls are most often the result of an isolated risk factor B. The risk of falling increases in proportion to the number of risk factors C. Risk factors for falls do not vary according to the environment D. Functional abilities of the older adult are not considered a risk factor for falls - Correct Answer B. The risk of falling increases in proportion to the number of risk factors Which statement related to musculoskeletal function and the older adult population is true? A. There is a greater decline in muscle strength in the upper extremities B. Diminished muscle strength is attributed primarily to age-related loss of muscle mass C. Older adults experience muscle fatigue after longer periods of exercise than do younger adults D. Lifelong patterns of exercise and activity have little effect on muscle strength - Correct Answer B. Diminished muscle strength is attributed primarily to age-related loss of muscle mass Which statement related to adequate calcium supplementation and the older adult is true? - Correct Answer Calcium supplementation lowers the rate of fractures in older adults true or false? widowhood and other life events have been found to have consistently negative impact on older people - Correct Answer False true or false? Most older adults live independently, have high levels of self-reported health, and are aging successfully - Correct Answer true true or false? Adverse medication effects are often overlooked in older adults because they are mistakenly attributed to aging or pathological conditions - Correct Answer true true or false? people never lose their capacity for psychological growth - Correct Answer true true or false? Some degree of "senility" is normal in very old people. - Correct Answer false true or false? Older people can not learn complex new skills - Correct Answer false

true or false? older adults are depressed and should be allowed to withdraw from society - Correct Answer false true or false? ageism is a natural part of all societies - Correct Answer false true or false? Older adults have the increased potential for psychosocial and spiritual growth - Correct Answer true