Download ADULT HEALTH 1 STUDY GUIDE and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ADULT HEALTH 1 STUDY GUIDE -HEART FAILURE Heart Failure **Cardiac Output: Volume of blood ejected per minutes by ventricular contractions (4-8L/min for adults) **Stroke volume: The volume of blood ejected with each contraction (heartbeat) ● Left-sided heart failure: FLUID BUILD UP in the left side and it travels to the lungs - Signs and symptoms: fatigue, pink sputum, clammy/cool skin, dizziness, weakness, high BP - Best position to breath is High-Flowers ● Right-sided heart failure: BlOOD BUILD UP into your entire body bc that's the side that receives blood in your body (atrium, and ventricle). Atrium is weak so it can’t pump/dump blood in the heart. ● Test - DNP - ECG > TEE: through your mouth and puts a camera to look at the back of your heart. > Ejection fraction: 50-70 is normal > Kidney Function > Liver Function (right-side) ● Nurse Interventions - Diet → lOw sOdium, fluid intake (restrictions) - Daily weights → educate at hOme, mOre than 3-5 pOunds in a week cOntact health prOvider (early mOrning, same time every day) - Medication: GO OVER MEDS > Lasix/Furosemide: (need pOtassium supplement → pOtatOes Or vitamin K pill), IV Or Orally. Side Effect: Tinnitus > Beta-Blockers: slows down HR, helps give better cardiac output with contractility of the heart > Low potassium causes digoxin toxicity > ACE inhibitOrs → cause hypOcalcemia Inflammatory Cardiac Disease ● Endocarditis: Inflammation of endocardium (outside layer of heart). Forms vegetations of the valves (bacteria are in these valves). - Janeway lesion on hands/ feet and Olser nodes on fingers - Who’s at risk? IV drug users, indwelling catheters, central lines, etc. - Signs/Symptoms: heart murmur, fatigue - Meds: IV antibiotics ● Myocarditis: Inflammation of myocardium (middle heart muscle layer). Caused by viral, fungal, or bacteria infection. - Signs/Symptoms: flu-like symptoms, fatigue - Meds: antibiotics, pain meds, antiarrhythmics, calcium-channel blockers ● Pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium (inner layer right around the heart). Caused by infection, heart attack, trauma, surgery, etc. - Cardiac Tamponade: fluid sac around the heart that can cause friction/pain. - Give antibiotics, mOnitOr vital signs, EKG changes, pain management by anti-inflammatOries (NSAIDS→ naprOxen/ cOrticOsterOids). Valvular ● Mitral Stenosis: Narrowing of the mitral valve opening that blocks (obstructs) blood
