Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac Review, Exams of Nursing

Download Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac Review and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review What is the normal PR interval? - 0.1-0.2 What is the normal QRS interval? - 0.004-0.12 What is the normal QT interval? - 0.34-0.43 What are you MOST worried about with A-Fibb? - clots What do you use to treat sinus bradycardia? - Atropine 0.5mg IV push What do you use to treat sinus tachycardia? - -Vagal maneuver -BB and CCB What are the main causes of A-Fibb? - -Cardiomyopathy -Pericarditis -HTN -CAD How do you treat A-Fibb? - -BB (Amiodarone) -CCB (Cardizem) -Digoxin -Cardioversion Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review -Coumadin (PT and INR) What causes atrial flutter? - -Acute MI -Chest Surgery -Mitral Valve Disease -Digoxin Toxicity How do you treat atrial flutter? - -Amiodarone -Cardizem -Digoxin (all of those above are #1) -Cardioversion -Anti-Coagulant What causes SVT? - -Infection/fever -Hypovolemia -Hypoxia -Ischemia How do you treat SVT? - -Adenosine (#1) -BB and CCB -Treat the cause Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review How do you treat V-tach without a pulse? - -CPR -Defibrillation -Epinephrine -Vasopressin What causes V-fib? - -Acute Mi -Acidosis -Hemorrhage -Hyperkalemia How do you treat V-fibb? - -CPR -Defibrillation -Epinephrine -Vasopressin -Amiodarone How do you calculate cardiac output? - CO = HR x SV What increases contractility of the heart? - -calcium release What decreases contractility of the heart? - - Hypoxia or Acidosis Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review What lab test is elevated with tissue death? (CV) - Troponin What lab is important for heart failure? - BNP What is the normal ejection fraction? - 50-70% What test do you perform to obtain an ejection fraction? - -Echocardiogram 75% of heart failure is caused by... - -Systemic Hypertension Where does blood back up in Left Sided Heart Failure? - -Lungs What are the symptoms of Left Sided Heart Failure? - -Weakness -Fatigue -Dizziness/Confusion -Pulmonary Congestion -SOB -Crackles -Cyanotic -Cool temp in the extremities Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review Where does blood back up in Right Sided Heart Failure? - -Rest of the body What are the symptoms of Right Sided Heart Failure? - -Weight Gain** -Dependent Edema -Distended neck vein -Increase Abdominal Girth -Ascites -Hepatomegaly What is the goal of Heart Failure treatment? - -Improve Cardiac Output How do you reduce afterload? - -ACE inhibitors -Angiotensin Receptor Blocker How do you reduce preload? - -Diuretics How do you enhance contractility? - -digoxin How do you improve cardiac output? - -reduce afterload -reduce preload -enhance contractility -beta blockers Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review What is arteriosclerosis? - -thickening or hardening of the arterial walls (often associated with aging) What is atherosclerosis? - -type of arteriosclerosis involving formation of the plaque within the arterial walls What are the risk factors for arteriosclerosis? - -smoking -sedentary lifestyle -stress -obesity -genetics Any factor that decreases PVR, HR, or SV can cause... - -decreased perfusion What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension? - -kidney disease What are the four stages of PAD? - 1.) Asymptomatic 2.) Intermittent Claudiction (cramp, burning, muscle pain- relieved by rest) 3.) Rest Pain (numbness/ burning occurs @ rest) 4.) Necrosis/ Gangrene (ulcers, blackened toes) What are the main signs/symptoms of PAD? - -hair loss on legs and feet Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review -dry, scaly, pale or mottled skin -thickened toenails What are the signs/symptoms of severe PAD? - -cold and grey extremities -pallor with elevation -dependent rubor -muscle atrophy What is the most frequent complication of an aneurysm? Why is it life threatening? - -Rupture -Leads to an abrupt and massive hemorrhagic shock In a thoracic aortic aneurysm, what symptoms are indicative of a rupture? - -sudden and excruciating back/chest pain What test is standard for diagnosing an aneurysm? - -CT scan with contrast Highest incidence of clot formation in patients is... - -hip surgery -total knee replacement -open prostate surgery What is the preferred diagnostic test for venous thromboembolism? - -venous duplex ultrasonography Adult Health Exam 1 - Telemetry and Cardiac latest review Combination of what 2 things indicates myocardial cell death or necrosis? - -Changes on ECG -Elevation in cardiac troponin What lab levels should you monitor after a CABG? - -Potassium -Magnesium -Calcium A ____________ heard upon auscultation indicates HF. - -S 3 Gallop