Advanced Trauma Life Support Practice Exam, Exams of Nursing

Download Advanced Trauma Life Support Practice Exam and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT PRACTICE EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) What is included in the Primary survey of a trauma patient? - ANSWERS,-Airway and C-Spine -Breathing and Ventilation -Circulation/bleeding control -Disability (Neuro Eval) -Exposure and Environmental control. What are adjuncts to Primary Survey and Resuscitation? - ANSWERS,ECG monitoring Urinary/Gastric Catheters Other Monitoring X-ray and Dx studies. What makes up the Secondary Survey? - ANSWERS,History and Physical Exam Mechanism of Injury Head and Maxillofacial C-spine Chest Abdomen Perineum/Rectum/Vagina Musculoskeletal Neurologic Basic Outline of ATLS Protocol? - ANSWERS,1. Preparation 2. Triage 3. Primary survey 4. Adjunct to Primary survey 5. Re-assess ABCDE and consider need for transfer 6. Transfer if needed 7. Secondary Survey 8. Adjuncts to second Survey 9. Pt. re-evaluation 10. Definitive Care. What is something you could do to get a quick assessment of ABCD? - ANSWERS,Ask the pt. a question. If they can respond it can give you an idea about their airway and mental status. Failure to respond tells you there are abnormalities in ABCD. What assumption can safely be made in a pt. with blunt multisystem trauma above the clavicle or Altered mental status? - ANSWERS,That the C-spine is compromised. 4 Steps to manage A? - ANSWERS,Assess for patency Establish airway Maintain C-spine Reinstate Proper C-spine devices. 2 steps to Breathing? - ANSWERS,1.Expose Neck and chest to inspect and palpate. Percuss chest for presence of dullness or hyperresonance, auscultate chest bilaterally. All this checking for Tension Pneumo, Flail chest, Hemothorax, Open Pneumothorax. 2. Administer High concentration O2, ventilate with bag, alleviate Tension Pneumo, attach CO2 monitor to ET tube, Pulse ox. What is the predominant cause of preventable deaths after injury? - ANSWERS,Hemorrhage. 2 steps to managing C? - ANSWERS,1. Identify any sources of external/internal bleeding bleeding. The four big areas for massive bleeding include: Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis, Femur Fx. Assess Pulse quality, color of skin level of consciousness, BP. 10. Management of abdomen Immediate surgery for exploratory laparotomy, Pelvic compression binder. pregnancy. 11. Perineal Assessment for contusions, lacerations or bleeding. 12. Rectal assessment Bleeding, sphincter tone, bowell wall integrity, bony fragments, prostate position. 13. Vaginal Assessment in select pts. Presence of blood. Pregnancy. Exploratory surgery. 14. Musculoskeletal Assessment: Inspect extremities for blunt or penetrating trauma, deformities, lacerations, sensation, Pulses, fractures, control any bleeding if not done yet. Inspect and palpate throacic and lumbar spines for injury, deformity. X rays for suspected fracture sites. 15. Musculoskeletal management: Immobilization of thoracic spine, splinting, wrap sheet around pelvis for compression binder to help control pelvic bleeding. CONSIDER COMPARTMENT SYNDROME!!!!!! 16. Neurologic: Determine GCS ag What comes after the Secondary survey? - ANSWERS,Continued monitoring for any changes in pts. responsiveness and vital signs, urine output. Transfer to definitive care. Direct communication provider to provider. What are the ATLS principle? - ANSWERS,Golden hr- 1st 60mins from time of injury to receive definitive care, which mortality + morbidity increases What are the professionals in trauma team? - ANSWERS,- Team leader - Aesthetic SpR -Cardiac/thoracic surgeon - A&E consultant - Orthopaedic SpR - ODP (operating department practioners) - Nurses x2 - Radiographer - Scribe What does a radiographer x-ray in trauma mostly? - ANSWERS,- Lat C spine, CXR, Pelvis Acts as liaison with CT suite What is the primary survey (ABCDE)? - ANSWERS,A- Airway management C spine control B- Breathing + ventilation C-Circulation with haemorrhage control D- Disability, GCS, AVPU E- Exposure What are the basic life support process in hospitals? - ANSWERS,- Not breathing/occasional gasps - Call resuscitation team 222 - Comment CPR 30:2 adult (15:2 child) - 30 compressions + 2 breaths at 120/min - Change CPR provide 2 mins MAX What are the different types of cardiac arrest? - ANSWERS,- Ventilation fibrillation (VF)= irregular heart rhythm, heart doesn't pump blood to rest of body - Pulseless ventricular tachycardia= coordinated ventricle contractions replaced very rapid/ineffective contractions causing organ failure - Asystole= conditions heart ceases to beat - Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)= condition heart stops electrical activity pulses in heart too weak What are the cardiac arrest caused by? - ANSWERS,- Hypoxia - Hypothermia - Toxins - Hypovolaemia What are the 3 types of thoracic trauma? - ANSWERS,- Blunt- crash/deceleration - Penetrating- knives/bullets - Iatrogenic- illness caused by examination/medicines (treatment) What is involved in blunt trauma? - ANSWERS,- RA + RV (mostly) - Cardiac chamber rupture- hemopericardium What is lactogenic trauma? - ANSWERS,- Physical injury caused by healthcare provider during surgery/another treatment What are the complications of lactogenic trauma? - ANSWERS,- Arterial/venous punctures - Insertion of PPM (permanent Pace Maker), chest drain, surgical trauma What are the considerations in thoracic trauma imaging? - ANSWERS,- CXR - CT (only if pts haemodynamically stable) -Haemodynamically= blood pressure + heart rate (stable) Why are CXR in trauma needed for? - ANSWERS,- Tubes + lines e.g. ECG leads, NG tubes, ET tubes What are the different pathologies? - ANSWERS,- Fractures - Lung injury - Pleural effusion - Haemothrocaces What is used to image the aorta? - ANSWERS,- Angiography - Arterial puncture - Guide wire - CT angiography - Introducer sheath What is vascular dissection? - ANSWERS,- Separation of layer of the vessel wall caused by tear in diseased intima directly exposing underlying media to pulse pressure if the intraluminal blood