AEMT FINAL EXAM PREP 2024-2025. REAL QUESTIONS & CORRECT, VERIFIED ANSWERS. GRADED A+, Exams of Nursing

Download AEMT FINAL EXAM PREP 2024-2025. REAL QUESTIONS & CORRECT, VERIFIED ANSWERS. GRADED A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! AEMT FINAL EXAM PREP 2024-2025. REAL QUESTIONS & CORRECT, VERIFIED ANSWERS. GRADED A+ __________ solutions provide a stable medium for the administration of medications and provide effective fluid and electrolyte replacement. - ANSisotonic 500 micrograms (µg) is equal to: - ANS0.5 mg A 17-year-old female is experiencing a mild asthma attack. You auscultate her lungs and hear expiratory wheezing. In addition to oxygen, which of the following classifications of medication would be indicated for this patient? - ANSbeta 2 agonist A 20-year-old female presents with lower abdominal pain and scant vaginal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 124/64 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 120 beats/min and strong. When asked, she states that her last menstrual period was approximately 2 months ago. You should suspect: - ANSan ectopic pregnancy A 22-year-old female with type 1 diabetes is unresponsive and has a blood glucose level of 29 mg/dL. She is receiving high-flow oxygen and several attempts to establish IV access have failed. You should: - ANSadminister 0.5 to 1 mg of glucagon via the intramuscular route A 22-year-old male was walking on the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include: - ANSirrigating his right eye laterally. A 23-year-old male was involved in a motor-vehicle crash and has an obviously depressed skull fracture. His pulse is rapid and weak, his skin is cool and clammy, and his blood pressure is low. You should: - ANSsuspect that he has internal bleeding and administer crystalloid fluid boluses A 29-year-old confused female has a blood glucose reading of 50 mg/dL. After administering one tube of oral glucose, you note marked improvement in her mental status. As you are taking her vital signs, her level of consciousness suddenly decreases. You should: - ANSassess her airway and treat accordingly A 29-year-old female experiences shortness of breath, urticaria, and bilateral wheezing shortly after you started an IV of normal saline. How should you manage this situation? - ANSLeave the catheter in place and remove the solution A 29-year-old female had a glass bottle inserted into her vagina during a sexual assault. She is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs, but she is in severe pain. How should you manage this patient? - ANSStabilize the bottle with bulky dressings, monitor her vital signs, provide emotional support, and transport promptly. A 29-year-old female in her second trimester of pregnancy is found semiconscious by her sister. The patient is diaphoretic and breathing shallowly at a rate of 28 breaths/min. Her blood glucose level reads 40 mg/dL. You should: - ANSassist ventilations, start an IV of normal saline, and give 25g of dextrose slowly A 29-year-old male experienced multiple fire-ant bites to his lower extremities. He is conscious and alert, and denies respiratory distress. His skin is warm, dry, and without urticaria and his breath sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Appropriate management for this patient includes: - ANSapplying ice to the bites and observing for signs of an allergic reaction A 29-year-old male was robbed and struck in the chest by an assailant with a steel pipe. Your assessment reveals severe pain and crepitus to the right upper chest, at and below the clavicle. What is MOST significant about the location of this patient's injury? - ANSBecause they are protected by the bony girdle of the clavicle and scapula, upper rib fractures may indicate severe internal injuries A 29-year-old male with a history of type 1 diabetes presents with excessive urination and marked thirst. These signs indicate that the: - ANSrenal system is excreting excess glucose A 30-year-old construction worker lacerated his brachial artery and has lost a significant amount of blood. His blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 130 beats/min. Which of the following IV catheters would be MOST appropriate for this patient? - ANS14 gauge A 30-year-old female presents with severe acute pain to the left upper quadrant of her abdomen. During your assessment, she tells you that she has sickle cell disease. You should suspect that: - ANSher spleen is enlarged because of red blood cell engorgement. A 31-year-old man was stabbed in the chest during an altercation at a bar. He is semiconscious and has shallow breathing. As your partner assists the patient's ventilations, you perform a rapid assessment and find a single stab wound to the left anterior chest with minimal bleeding. Breath sounds on the side of A 44-year-old man is experiencing a ventricular dysrhythmia. Medical control orders your paramedic partner to administer 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine to the patient, who weighs 185 pounds. Lidocaine is supplied in a concentration of 100 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should your partner administer to this patient? - ANS12.6ml A 45-year-old female with type 1 diabetes presents with an altered mental status. Her skin is pale and moist, and her respirations are rapid and shallow. You should: - ANSprovide ventilatory assistance with 100% oxygen. A 48-year-old male fell approximately 20' from his roof. As you approach him, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. His respirations are gurgling and you see blood draining from his mouth. You should - ANStake proper standard precautions A 49-year-old male complains of acute chest discomfort. He is conscious but restless, and he is noticeably diaphoretic. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, the patient hands you a bottle of nitroglycerin that was prescribed to him by his family physician. Prior to assisting the patient with his medication, you should: - ANSassess his systolic BP to ensure that it is at least 100 mm Hg A 50-year-old female is in cardiac arrest. You attach the AED and receive a "no shock advised" message. You should: - ANSresume CPR and reanalyze her cardiac rhythm after 2 minutes A 50-year-old male with a blood sugar level of 38 mg/dL would be expected to present with all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSsevere dehydration A 50-year-old patient complains of abdominal muscle cramps and spasms of his hands. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances does this patient MOST likely have? - ANSHypocalcemia A 52-year-old man complains of chest pressure. He is diaphoretic and has a blood pressure of 110/90 mm Hg. He has a prescription for nitroglycerin (NTG), but has not taken any. After administering oxygen to the patient you should: - ANScontact medical control for permission to administer the NTG A 55-year-old male with poorly controlled hypertension presents with respiratory distress and difficulty speaking in complete sentences. He is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 28 breaths/min and labored. Auscultation of his lungs reveals diffuse coarse crackles. After placing the position in a comfortable position, you should: - ANSapply the CPAP device A 56-year-old male is found unresponsive by a neighbor. Your assessment reveals that he is diaphoretic, pale, and is breathing rapidly and shallowly. His blood glucose reading is 49 mg/dL. The MOST appropriate management for this patient includes: - ANSassisted ventilation, 50 mL of D50 IV, and oropharyngeal suctioning as needed A 56-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease complains of an acute onset of substernal chest discomfort and diaphoresis while moving a heavy box. After sitting down and taking one nitroglycerin tablet, the discomfort promptly subsides. This episode is MOST consistent with: - ANSstable angina pectoris A 60-year-old female is in possible cardiogenic shock. She is semiconscious with shallow respirations, an irregular pulse, and hypotension. Appropriate treatment for this patient should include: - ANSassisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, thermal management, 20 mL/kg fluid bolus, and transport A 60-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. As emergency medical responders are performing CPR, your partner is managing the patient's airway. After preparing your IV set, you should FIRST attempt to cannulate the: - ANSantecubital vein A 62-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with a sudden tearing sensation in her abdomen. She tells you that the pain has been of maximum intensity since its onset. Based on her chief complaint, what additional assessment findings would you expect to encounter? - ANSDiminished pulses in her lower extremities A 66-year-old female is in cardiac arrest and requires advanced airway management. Prior to inserting a Combitube, you should take standard precautions and then: - ANSpreoxygenate the patient with a bag- mask device and 100% oxygen A 66-year-old male with congestive heart failure presents with pulmonary edema and difficulty breathing. His blood pressure is 180/90 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and irregular. When starting an IV, which of the following, if available, would be MOST appropriate for this patient? - ANSSaline lock A 68-year-old female with a history of Alzheimer's disease complains of acute abdominal pain. As you prepare to start an IV on her, she becomes verbally abusive. You should: - ANSremain patient and explain the procedure to her. A 68-year-old female with unstable bradycardia requires 0.5 mg of atropine. Your paramedic partner opens a prefilled syringe of atropine containing 1 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should be administered to the patient? - ANS5 mL A 7-year-old child has swallowed a bottle of aspirin. Medical control orders you to give the child 0.5 g/kg of activated charcoal. Based on the child's weight of 45 pounds, how much charcoal will you administer? - ANS10 g A 70-year-old female presents with generalized muscle weakness; lethargy; and hot, flushed skin. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances should you suspect? - ANSHypercalcemia A 70-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and dizziness. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg when he is sitting, 96/56 mm Hg when he is standing. His heart rate is 120 beats/min and his skin is flushed and dry. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's signs and symptoms? - ANSdehydration A 71-year-old man presents with shortness of breath, facial cyanosis, and a cough that is producing blood. His blood pressure is 144/92 mm Hg, pulse is 130 beats/min and irregular, and respirations of 28 breaths/min and labored. He is confused and is slow follow your commands. You should: - ANSassist his ventilations with a bag-mask device, begin transport, and consider establishing IV access en route to the hospital A 72-year-old male with type 2 diabetes complains of "not feeling well." He is diaphoretic and his blood sugar reading is 110 mg/dL. You should be MOST suspicious for: - ANSan acute myocardial infarction A 78-year-old female takes several medications every day, each one for a different condition. What is this an example of? - ANSpolypharmacy A breakable glass container that is designed to carry a single medication dose is called a/an: - ANSampule A solution that hydrates the cells while depleting the vascular compartment is referred to as being - ANShypotonic A solution that results in water flowing into a cell, causing it to burst, is referred to as being: - ANShypotonic A specialized part of the venous system that filters the blood and metabolizes various drugs is called the: - ANShepatic portal system A stable patient requires an IV line in the event that medication therapy is needed. When selecting the appropriate vein, you should first attempt to cannulate the: - ANSvein on the hand. A teratogenic drug is one that: - ANSposes a risk to a developing fetus A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with heavy bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should: - ANSapply direct pressure to her arm wound. A young male with sickle cell disease presents with chest pain, fever, and a cough. His vital signs are stable, although he is experiencing mild respiratory distress. You should suspect: - ANSpneumonia Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with: - ANSbrain injury Actions taken after administering a medication to a patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSinquiring about drug allergies Adverse reactions associated with epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSbradycardia After applying the AED to your cardiac-arrest patient, you receive a "shock advised" message. You should: - ANSensure that all contact with the patient has ceased. After defibrillating a patient in cardiac arrest with the AED, you should: - ANSResume chest compressions After defibrillating an adult patient in cardiac arrest with the AED, you should: - ANSbegin or resume CPR starting with chest compressions. After inserting an IV catheter into a vein, you should: - ANSdecrease the angle of the catheter to 15° and insert the catheter a few mm farther. After inserting the needle into the injection port of an IV line, but before administering the medication, you should: - ANSpinch off the tubing proximal to the injection port. After removing the stylet from the IV catheter, you should next: - ANSdispose of the needle in the appropriate container. After starting an IV on a patient in shock, the AEMT accidentally gets stuck with the IV needle. This is referred to as a/an: - ANScontaminated stick After starting an IV on a patient, you set the flow at a "KVO" rate. How many drops per minute does this rate deliver? - ANS8 to 15 After successfully completing a state-approved AEMT course, you are: - ANSeligible to take your state's AEMT certification examination Afterload is defined as the: - ANSpressure against which the left ventricle must pump. All of the following are common signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure, EXCEPT: - ANShematuria All of the following are roles and responsibilities of the AEMT, EXCEPT: - ANSproviding definitive care for the patient's condition Although painful and difficult to manage, what is the location of choice for starting IVs in pediatric patients? - ANSHand vein An acute accelerated drop in the hemoglobin level, which is caused by red blood cells breaking down at a faster rate than normal, occurs during a(n) __________ crisis. - ANShemolytic An acute myocardial infarction is more apt to occur in the left ventricle because: - ANSit is large and thick and demands more oxygen than the right ventricle. An adverse condition induced in a patient as a result of the treatment given is called a/an: - ANSiatrogenic response An agonistic drug is defined as one that: - ANSbinds to a receptor site and stimulates a response An anion is an: - ANSion with an overall negative charge An electronic blood pressure cuff that measures readings using stepped deflation: - ANSmay be more accurate in patients who are moving because the pressure in the cuff is released in intervals at variable lengths, allowing the system to better detect oscillations An example of intravascular fluid is: - ANSplasma An important neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system is: - ANSacetylcholine An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: - ANSthe tongue is proportionately large and the airway is shorter and narrower. An intraosseous line should be inserted in a critical patient if: - ANSIV access is unsuccessful after three attempts An ion that has an overall positive charge is called a/an: - ANScation An isotonic solution is one that causes: - ANSno change in the shape of the cell. Chronic carbon dioxide retention, as seen in patients with certain lung diseases, may cause the patient to: - ANSbreathe on the basis of decreased oxygen Common findings in patients with blood disorders include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSflushed skin and bradycardia Common signs of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANShyperpnea Common signs of left-sided congestive heart failure include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSchronic pedal edema Compared to a 16-gauge catheter, a 22-gauge catheter would be more appropriate for an elderly patient because: - ANSit reduces the risk of fluid extravasation. Compared to drugs such as phenobarbital and diazepam (Valium), heroin: - ANShas a much higher potential for abuse and dependence. Compared to monophasic defibrillation, biphasic defibrillation is advantageous because it: - ANSutilizes less energy to achieve effective defibrillation Compartment syndrome is caused by: - ANStissue compression and damage due to fluid trapped in a confined space Compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane will move across it to an area of lower concentration to maintain balance on both sides of the cell wall. This process is called: - ANSdiffusion Contraindications for intraosseous infusion include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANSpatients who are in cardiac arrest or status epilepticus. Critical incident stress management is a program designed to: - ANSconfront the responses to critical incidents and defuse them Damage to the ___________ valve may cause blood to regurgitate into the lungs - ANSmitral Damage to the myocardium following infarction can be minimized if fibrinolytic therapy is administered no later than _____ hours following the onset of symptoms. - ANS12 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurs when: - ANSthe body's cells metabolize fat as an immediate energy source Drugs that attach to a receptor and counteract the effects of something else are called - ANSantagonists During a long distance transport, you initiate an IV of normal saline and infuse 125 mL over 2 hours. Using microdrip tubing, how many drops per minute (gtts/min) is your IV flow rate set at? - ANS63 gtts/min During an attempted resuscitation of a 9-year-old boy in cardiac arrest, your paramedic partner asks you to prepare epinephrine in a dose of 0.01 mg/kg. The child's mother tells you that he weighs approximately 65 pounds. You have a prefilled syringe of epinephrine containing 1 mg in 10 mL. How many milliliters should be administered to this child? - ANS3 mL During the IV procedure, when is it MOST appropriate to apply the constricting band? - ANSBefore you cleanse the venipuncture site During the third trimester of pregnancy, you should expect the patient's heart rate to: - ANSincrease by 10 to 20 beats/min During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that: - ANShe has hemophilia A. During your assessment of a woman with chronic shortness of breath and fatigue, you ask her how many pillows she sleeps with at night. You are asking her this question to determine if: - ANSshe has left-sided heart failure and how severe it may be During your primary assessment of an unresponsive 47-year-old male, you find that he has occasional gasping breaths. You should: - ANSassess for a carotid pulse and begin chest compressions if needed Effectively performed CPR is a crucial treatment for a patient in cardiac arrest because it: - ANSmaintains myocardial and cerebral perfusion. Elderly patients with diabetes commonly develop neuropathy, which predisposes them to: - ANSatypical acute coronary syndrome Epinephrine is classified as a/an: - ANSSympathomimetic Erythropoiesis is the ongoing process by which - ANSred blood cells are made Excess glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of: - ANSglycogen Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called: - ANSpolyphagia Excessive exposure to a cholinergic agent would produce: - ANSincreased salivation, urination, and vomiting. Extracellular fluid accounts for what percentage of all body fluid? - ANS25% Facial injuries must be identified and treated as soon as possible because: - ANS. of the risk for airway problems Factors that alter a patient's response to a drug include: - ANSbody mass and psychologic factors. Fifty percent dextrose (D50) is indicated in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: - ANSan asymptomatic patient with a blood glucose of 60 mg/dL In most instances, a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order must meet which of the following requirements? - ANSIt must clearly state the patient's medical condition In most states, a minor can be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to emergency care and transport if he or she is: - ANSin the armed forces In most states, a person may be denied certification as an AEMT if he or she: - ANShas been convicted of a felony In the absence of obvious external trauma, an abdominal injury would be MOST difficult to assess for in a/an: - ANSunresponsive patient In which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to administer oral glucose? - ANSConfused diabetic patient who is breathing adequately In which of the following situations would a diabetic patient MOST likely develop hypoglycemic crisis (insulin shock)? - ANSHeavy exertion following a small meal Insulin is produced when: - ANSabsorbed carbohydrates stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas Insulin maintains homeostasis by: - ANSfacilitating cellular glucose uptake. It is important to avoid giving anything by mouth to a patient with acute abdominal pain because: - ANSthe stomach must be empty prior to surgical intervention Kussmaul respirations indicate that the respiratory system is: - ANSexcreting ketones from the blood Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose following severe head trauma suggests: - ANSfracture of the cribriform plate Manual C-spine stabilization should continue until: - ANSthe patient is fully secured to a long backboard. Medically, the term "diabetes" refers to: - ANSimpairment of the body to metabolize carbohydrates Medications that fight or antagonize the effects of the sympathetic nervous system are referred to as being: - ANSsympathomimetic Medications that the AEMT is authorized to administer are ultimately determined by: - ANShis or her medical director Minimum standard precautions when delivering a baby include: - ANSgloves, gown, and facial protection Nitroglycerin is contraindicated for patients who: - ANShave experienced a head injury Nitroglycerin is especially useful in treating patients with cardiac ischemia because it: - ANSis a vasodilator and lowers preload on the heart Nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilates the coronary arteries, and relieves cardiac chest pain. These properties of nitroglycerin are called: - ANStherapeutic effects Of the following clinical findings, which one would you MOST likely encounter during the early phase following a fracture of the basilar skull? - ANSaltered mental status Of the following, which is the LEAST common sign or symptom of a head injury? - ANSA cardiac rhythm disturbance One deciliter (dL) is equivalent to: - ANS100 mL One of the MOST common signs of an acute hypertensive emergency is: - ANSOne of the MOST common signs of an acute hypertensive emergency is: Oogenesis is defined as the: - ANSprocess that results in a mature egg Patients with a hemorrhagic stroke typically experience a rapidly declining level of consciousness because of: - ANSincreasing intracranial pressure Patients with hypothyroidism often gain weight because of: - ANSdecreased metabolism Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for: - ANSpulmonary embolism Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) involves: - ANSmechanically clearing a coronary artery. Prinzmetal's angina is caused by: - ANScoronary vasospasm Prior to administering glucagon, you must: - ANSreconstitute it with diluent. Prior to administering IV dextrose to an unresponsive 43-year-old male with a blood glucose reading of 35 mg/dL, you should: - ANSensure that the IV line is patent and running effectively Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) exists when: - ANSa patient is in cardiac arrest despite an organized cardiac rhythm Shortly after administering a second nitroglycerin dose to a 44-year-old male with chest pain, he becomes lightheaded. You take his blood pressure and is reads 80/50 mm Hg. You have already established IV access and are administering oxygen. You should: - ANSplace him supine and elevate his legs Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism include: - ANStachycardia, weight loss, and hyperactive reflexes Signs of a ruptured urinary bladder include all of the following, EXCEPT: - ANShematemesis Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in: - ANSincreased blood pressure and heart rate Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: - ANSBetween the skin and the muscle The largest portion of the brain, which controls a wide variety of functions, is the: - ANScerebrum The left main coronary artery rapidly divides into the: - ANSleft anterior descending and circumflex arteries The liver performs synthetic reactions that yield inactive products called: - ANSmetabolites The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: - ANS90 mm Hg The mastoid process is located approximately: - ANS1 inch posterior to the external opening of the ear. The metabolic conversion of glucose into energy is called: - ANSglycolysis The middle, muscular layer of the heart is called the: - ANSmyocardium The MOST common cardiac dysrhythmia associated with sudden cardiac death following an acute myocardial infarction is: - ANSventricular fibrillation The MOST common contraindication for any medication is: - ANShypersensitivity The most commonly carried IV solutions in the prehospital setting are: - ANSisotonic crystalloids The MOST dangerous complication associated with the use of the LMA is: - ANSswelling of the upper airway structures The most inferior portion of the heart is called the: - ANSapex The MOST significant complication associated with a severe closed head injury is: - ANSincreased intracranial pressure The Narcotic Control Act of 1956: - ANSmade the possession of heroin illegal and outlawed the acquisition and transportation of marijuana. The normal range for blood glucose levels in nonfasting adults and children ranges from: - ANS80-120 mg/dL The normal site of origin of electrical impulses in the heart is the ____________, which generates ___________ impulses per minute. - ANSsinoatrial node, 60 to 100 The original chemical name of a drug, which is not capitalized, and is suggested by the drug's first manufacturer is called the: - ANSgeneric name The passage of a substance through some surface of the body into body fluids and tissues is known as: - ANSabsorption The presence of a scaphoid abdomen and bowel sounds in the lower hemithorax are MOST suggestive of a: - ANSruptured diaphragm The presence of distended jugular veins that do not collapse, even when the patient is sitting, is consistent with: - ANScongestive heart failure The presence of posturing following severe head trauma is a sign of: - ANSBrainstem injury The primary fuels for cellular metabolism are: - ANSglucose and oxygen The primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node is to: - ANSslow conduction from the atria to the ventricles to allow for ventricular filling. The primary physiologic abnormality that causes diabetes is: - ANSIneffective action of insulin The primary physiologic abnormality that causes diabetes is: - ANSIneffective action of insulin The pulmonary circulation is responsible for: - ANSensuring that blood gets reoxygenated. The removal of particles from a solution by allowing the liquid portion to pass through a membrane or other partial barrier is called: - ANSfiltration The second heart sound (S2) represents: - ANSclosure of semilunar valves The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the: - ANStragus The study of the properties and effects of medications on the body is called: - ANSpharmacology The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the: - ANSAdrenergic nervous system The term that refers to the contraction of the ventricular mass and the pumping of blood into the systemic circulation is called: - ANSsystole The thyroid gland is responsible for the: - ANSmetabolic rate The tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart are referred to as: - ANSatrioventricular valves The turbinates, which extend into the nasal passageway, function by: - ANSimproving filtration, warming, and humidification of inhaled air The two MOST common causes of secondary brain injury are: - ANScerebral hypoxia and hypotension The upper jawbones are called the: - ANSmaxillae The visceral pericardium, which lies closely against the heart, is also called the: - ANSepicardium When assessing a middle-aged male patient with chest pain, you note a large vertical scar in the center of his chest. This indicates that he has MOST likely had: - ANScoronary artery bypass graft When assessing a patient for peripheral edema, you should check the sacral area if the patient is: - ANSbedridden When assessing a patient with von Willebrand disease, you should be especially alert for: - ANSany evidence of bleeding When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that: - ANSage-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion. When assessing an 82-year-old female who takes multiple medications, you should: - ANSdetermine overall medication compliance When assessing an unresponsive 20-year-old male with a traumatic brain injury, you note that his left pupil is fully dilated and non-reactive. This indicates injury: - ANSleft cerebral hemisphere When caring for a patient who was exposed to a dry chemical, it is important to: - ANSremove all contaminated clothing and brush away the chemical prior to irrigating When caring for a patient with significant thoracic trauma and signs of shock, it is MOST important to: - ANStransport promptly to a trauma center. When defibrillating a 6-month-old infant, you should recall that: - ANSa manual defibrillator is preferred When documenting a mass-casualty incident (MCI), you should: - ANSfollow your local MCI plan for documentation. When energy impacts a body structure it: - ANStranslates into injury. When errors associated with the AED occur, it is usually the result of: - ANSfailure to ensure the batteries are charged When managing a critically-burned patient, it is important to: - ANSrapidly estimate the burn's severity and then cover with dry, sterile dressings. When managing a semiconscious patient with adequate breathing, you should administer oxygen and: - ANSposition the patient on his or her side and have suction ready. When managing an adult patient with an inhalation injury, inspiratory stridor, and an altered mental status, you should: - ANSprepare for early definitive airway management When performing a rapid trauma assessment (rapid body scan), you will usually assess all of the following, EXCEPT the: - ANSmastoid process When performing the primary assessment of a patient, your goal is to: - ANSidentify and treat immediate life-threatening injuries or conditions. When performing the rapid body scan on an unresponsive patient, you should follow the same approach as the: - ANSrapid trauma assessment When peripheral vascular resistance is increased: - ANSafterload increases and stroke volume decreases When the papillary muscles contract, the ______________ tighten, preventing blood from regurgitating from the ventricles to the atria. - ANSchordae tendineae When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, it: - ANSslows the heart rate by decreasing SA node discharge. When treating a 56-year-old female with chest pain, you have placed on her oxygen, established IV access, and administered two doses of sublingual nitroglycerin. However, the patient's pain has not improved. You reassess her blood pressure and note that it is 106/66 mm Hg. You should: - ANSadminister one more dose of nitroglycerin When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should: - ANSavoid giving oxygen under positive pressure. When treating a patient with a blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg due to "pump failure," you should: - ANSgive a 20 mL/kg crystalloid fluid bolus to improve perfusion When treating a patient with a suspected diaphragmatic rupture, you should: - ANSavoid placing the patient in a Trendelenburg position When treating a patient with a suspected myocardial contusion, it is especially important to monitor the patient for: - ANSevidence of pulmonary edema When ventilating a patient with a stoma and a tracheostomy tube, you should: - ANSattach the bag-mask device to the 15-mm adaptor on the tube Which DEA classification is given to a drug that has no accepted medical uses and a high abuse and dependence potential? - ANSSchedule I Which layer of the blood vessel is composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells, which allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to the body's demands? - ANStunica media Which of the following actions would you NOT perform during the scene size-up? - ANSassess the patient's breathing effort. Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem? - ANSjugular venous distention Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias requires immediate defibrillation? - ANSNon Perfusing ventricular fibrillation Which of the following medications is a suspension? - ANSactivated charcoal Which of the following medications is administered in gel form? - ANSoral glucose Which of the following medications would the AEMT help a patient self-administer? - ANSAlbuterol Which of the following medications would the AEMT typically NOT be allowed to administer to a patient? - ANSAmiodarone Which of the following MOST accurately describes the correct sequence of events after attaching an AED to a patient in cardiac arrest and pushing the analyze button? - ANS"Shock advised" message, stand clear, defibrillate, immediately resume CPR, reanalyze after 2 minutes Which of the following MOST accurately describes the pathophysiology of angina pectoris? - ANSReversible process in which myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply of available oxygen Which of the following organs does NOT utilize insulin for the cellular uptake of glucose? - ANSbrain Which of the following physiologic responses would you expect to occur following administration of a drug that possesses alpha-1 (α1) properties? - ANSperipheral vasoconstriction Which of the following processes occurs during normal inspiration? - ANSAir is pulled into the lungs when intrathoracic pressure decreases Which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence when obtaining a focused history of a patient with an acute onset of chest discomfort? - ANSHave you ever been told you have low blood pressure Which of the following represents a "standard" drug dose? - ANS1 mg Which of the following represents the correct sequence of electrical conduction through the myocardium? - ANSSA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate order to present patient information over the radio when communicating with the hospital? - ANSAge and sex, chief complaint, history of present illness, exam findings, care provided, estimated time of arrival Which of the following represents the official name for aspirin? - ANSAcetylsalicylic acid, USP Which of the following routes is the quickest for getting medication into the central circulation? - ANSintravenous Which of the following scenarios is MOST descriptive of an absence seizure? - ANSA 6-year-old male who is conscious, but will not respond to his mother; symptoms subside spontaneously within a few minutes Which of the following signs indicate narcotic-induced CNS depression and would indicate the administration of naloxone? - ANShypoventilation Which of the following signs is MOST indicative of a severe upper airway obstruction? - ANSIneffective coughing Which of the following signs or symptoms would you MOST likely encounter in a patient who was struck in the back of the head? - ANSVisual disturbances Which of the following situations would contraindicate use of the LMA? - ANSPatients who are morbidly obese Which of the following statements regarding a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is CORRECT ? - ANSAn MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct? - ANSThey usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly. Which of the following statements regarding blood loss and shock in the pediatric patient is correct? - ANSChildren can tolerate a lower proportional blood loss than adults, before developing shock. Which of the following statements regarding blunt chest trauma is correct? - ANSFractured ribs can tear the lung parenchyma or other vital intrathoracic organs Which of the following statements regarding diabetes is correct? - ANSType 1 diabetes occurs most commonly in children Which of the following statements regarding hyperglycemic crisis (diabetic coma) is correct? - ANSIt usually progresses over hours or days Which of the following statements regarding hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) is correct? - ANSHHNC is not associated with a fruity odor on the patient's breath. Which of the following statements regarding Kussmaul respirations is correct? - ANSThe SpO2 may be normal due to an increase in respiratory rate and depth Which of the following statements regarding medication administration in pediatric patients is correct? - ANSThe products of metabolism in children can vary from those seen in adults, which may sometimes result in unexpected responses Which of the following statements regarding over-the-counter (OTC) medications is correct? - ANSThey do not require a prescription Which of the following statements regarding peripheral cyanosis is correct? - ANSIt is limited to the hands and feet and is a common finding. Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? - ANSAntisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age. Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct? - ANSIn sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen. You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old male who is not breathing. When you and your partner arrive at the scene, you find the child's father is performing mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing on him. The father tells you that his son stuck a pin in an electrical socket. After assessing the child and determining that he is pulseless and apneic, you should: - ANSbegin CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible You are dispatched to a residence for a 59-year-old male with an unknown emergency. When you arrive, you find the patient sitting on the couch. He is conscious, noticeably diaphoretic, and complains of dizziness and weakness. During your assessment, you note a large, well-healed vertical scar in the center of his chest and a small bulge just under the skin in the upper left part of his chest. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, pulse is 44 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and unlabored. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? - ANSArtificial pacemaker failure You are dispatched to a residence for a 60-year-old diabetic male who is unresponsive. As you are assessing the patient, your partner attempts to obtain a blood glucose reading; however, the glucometer reads "error" after two attempts. You should manage this patient's airway appropriately and then: - ANSstart an IV and administer 50 mL of 50% dextrose You are performing a rapid assessment on a 30-year-old male who was involved in a motor-vehicle crash. The patient is conscious, but restless. He complains of difficulty breathing and chest pain. Your assessment reveals diminished breath sounds in the left hemithorax, normal jugular veins, and a midline trachea. His blood pressure is 124/64 mm Hg, heart rate is 120 and regular, and respirations are 26 breaths/min and shallow. Which of the following injuries should you suspect? - ANSsimple pneumothorax You are preparing to administer a medication to a pregnant patient. You read the medication information and note that, according to the FDA, it is a "Category X" drug. You should: - ANSnot administer the drug to the patient You are requested by law enforcement to assess a "drunken patient". When you arrive at the jail, you find the patient to be unresponsive with deep, rapid respirations. His skin is warm and dry and he is incontinent of urine. There is no evidence of trauma and the patient's medical history is not known. You should suspect: - ANSdiabetic ketoacidosis You are transporting a 55-year-old female with chest pain, who has not responded to 3 doses of nitroglycerin. As you are talking to her, she becomes unresponsive and apneic. You should: - ANSassess her pulse, tell your partner to stop the vehicle, begin CPR, and analyze her cardiac rhythm with an AED You are transporting a semiconscious 30-year-old female with an isolated head injury to a local trauma center. When you reassess her, you note that her BP is 78/56 mm Hg and her radial pulses are no longer palpable. You should: - ANSinfuse 20 mL/kg of normal saline as needed to maintain her BP at 90 mm Hg You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 300 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes: - ANSinsulin You are triaging children who were injured when the school bus they were riding in collided with another vehicle. The first child you triage is unresponsive and apneic. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should: - ANSposition the upper airway You receive a call for a 40-year-old female with nausea, dizziness, and a headache. During your assessment, you note that her blood pressure is 190/104 mm Hg. The patient, who is conscious and alert, states that she has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with her medications. In addition to IV therapy, appropriate treatment for this patient includes: - ANS100% oxygen and transporting to the closest appropriate facility. You receive a call to a local grocery store for a possible heart attack. Upon arrival at the scene, you find two bystanders performing CPR on the patient, a 49-year-old male. You should: - ANSconfirm that the patient is in cardiac arrest You receive a call to a residence for a "sick child." Upon arrival, the mother states that her child, a 3-year- old male, has been experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the child is conscious, but has a decreased level of activity. His pulse rate is 150 beats/min, capillary refill time is less than 2 seconds, and his mucous membranes are dry. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with: - ANSmoderate dehydration You remove the shirt of a patient in cardiac arrest and note an adhesive patch applied to his upper right arm. This medication is MOST likely: - ANSfentanyl patch You respond to a call for an unresponsive diabetic. Upon arrival, you find a 23-year-old female unresponsive on her couch. During your assessment, you determine that her blood glucose level is 38 mg/dL. You attempt to start an IV, but are unsuccessful after several attempts. Which of the following routes could be used as a last resort to administer 50% dextrose? - ANSrectal You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that he is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial treatment for this patient should include: - ANSapplying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min. You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should: - ANSretreat at once and call law enforcement. You respond to call at a residence for a "man down." Your primary assessment reveals that the patient, a 66-year-old male, is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. His wife tells you that he has recently had the flu, and that he collapsed about 10 minutes ago. You should: - ANSbegin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available. You respond to the scene of a 16-year-old pregnant woman with abdominal pain. Her friend called EMS because she was concerned. As you begin your assessment, the patient tells you that she feels better and does not want to go to the hospital. You should: - ANSexplain the consequences of refusal of care You should be MOST suspicious that a patient is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction if he or she presents with: - ANSan acute onset of weakness, nausea, and sweating without an obvious cause You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating him, it is important to recall that: - ANShis ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired by an inability to increase cardiac output You will MOST likely be able to determine whether the cause of your patient's problem is medical or trauma in origin after you have: - ANSsurveyed the scene and assessed the patient