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Early Childhood Education: Key Concepts and Theories, Exams of Nursing

Answers to various questions related to early childhood education, including definitions of key concepts such as school readiness, developmentally appropriate curriculum, and individualized education program (iep). It also covers various educational theories and approaches, such as montessori, reggio emilia, and project approach. The document also mentions various influential figures in early childhood education, from johann amos comenius to jean piaget.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 04/07/2024

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AEPA Professional Test

School Readiness correct answer: Children's competencies related to success in kindergarten, including physical development, health, and well-being; social-emotional development and learning; cognitive development and general knowledge, such as mathematics and science; positive approaches to learning such as curiosity and motivation; and language development and early literacy skills Unethical correct answer: not conforming to approved standards of behavior, socially accepted code, or professionally endorsed principles and practices Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum correct answer: Curriculum activities geared to the varying abilities and levels of development of a whole group of children. Takes into account children's ages, their individual needs, and the context in which children live Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act correct answer: A law establishing who may have access to educational records of various kinds and when parents' consent must be obtained for release of information to individuals other than school district employees. Individualized Education Program (IEP) correct answer: Written document required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act for every child with a disability; includes statements of present performance, annual goals, short-term instructional objectives, specific educational services needed, relevant dates, regular education program participation, and evaluation procedures; must be signed by parents as well as educational personnel. Norm Referenced Testing correct answer: Testing in which scores are compared with the average performance of others Portfolios correct answer: a compilation of an individual student's work in reading and writing, devised to reveal literacy progress as well as strengths and weaknesses Montessori correct answer: Child-centered, children work at their own pace, teachers do not interrupt or interfere with the child's attention/learning, child makes his/hers own choices, controlled chaos, lots of space with the choice to work outside, material reachable for children, lightweight furniture Head Start correct answer: A program developed by the federal government to strengthen the academic skills of children from low-income homes, and designed for the social, emotional, physical, and intellectual needs of four- and five- year old. High Scope correct answer: An ECE program based on Piaget. Active learning, classroom arrangement, daily schedule, assessment, and curriculum are the main components. Makes use of the plan-do-review method.

Reggio Emilia correct answer: Community and social based program originated in Italy and that encourages each child's creativity in a carefully designed setting. Based on relationships among teachers, families, and children. There is no planned curriculum. Assessment is all done by observation. Children are seen as active constructors of their own knowledge Project Approach correct answer: Children learn by actively investigating in topics that are meaningful to them. Teachers and children work together to generate questions about the investigation. Four important learning goals are: knowledge, sills, dispositions, and feelings. Three phases are: Phase I (planning), Phase II (investigation), Phase III(culmination). Waldorf Education correct answer: Views children as complex, whole human beings developing in mind, body, and spirit- or head, hands, and heart. Highly creative model of education including: storytelling, building, painting, creative fantasy play, etc. Teacher as a modeler and observer; anthroposophy(spiritural). Even Start Program correct answer: Federally funded program in the United States that gives families access to training and support to create a literate home environment and enhance the academic achievement of their children. Johann Amos Comenius (1483-1546) correct answer: Learning step-by-step, from simple to complex, learning with the senses, make learning enjoyable Orbis Pictus: First Latin textbook to include pictures Role of teacher: Teach according to development of child, take learning styles into consideration, relate content to daily life John Locke (1632-1704) correct answer: Emphasized the importance of first-hand experiences as a means of learning. Proposed that children were like black pages that should be molded and shaped by experience. Believed that the development and education of young children were best served by parents as educators. Jean-Jacques Rousseau correct answer: Focused on the welfare of poor children. Validated the mother and home as the most natural learning environment and held a low opinion of children. Make hands-on manipulation of objects to learn. Believed that the natural experiences in the course of daily living are the source of learning. Robert Owen(1771-1858) correct answer: A pioneer of educating children outside the home. Fueled the British infant school movement. His chief mission was to create moral adults through education promoting cooperation and social cohesion. Infant School Movement correct answer: An early nineteenth-century movement, imported to the United States from Europe, in which educators believed that children as young as 18 months could be educated and taught to read. Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) correct answer: Known as the "father of kindergarten" and believed in a play based environment; developed "gifts" which were hands-on materials for children; focused on strong family involvement

Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (1804-1894) correct answer: Opened the first English speaking kindergarten in Boston in 1859 and created the American Froebel Society; individualized instruction; making adaptations based on needs Susan Blow (1843-1916) correct answer: Based on the theories of Froebel. She founded the first public kindergarten in St. Louis and ran it for eleven years without any pay. She focused on quality teacher training program and helped to build quality kindergarten programs in the USA John Dewey correct answer: The "father" of progressive education, published "The School and Society" (1899) to suggest the need for an education that was practical and useful. He insisted that education should be child centered and that schools should build character, teach good citizenship, and be instruments of social reform. Emergent Curriculum correct answer: Child-centered curriculum that "emerges" from the children's interest and experiences. It involves both the participation of teachers and children in decision making. Patty Smith Hill correct answer: Believed education should be child-centered and interest based; believed education should be for all children regardless of SES; helped in founding the NAEYC; was not for assimilation Margaret and Rachel McMillan correct answer: Sisters from London who helped poor children; created open-air nurseries for children to play outside and learn from active, hands-on learning experiences Lucy Sprague Mitchell correct answer: Founded the Bureau of Educational Experiments; focused on relationships directly connected to the child; lab schools to study child development; Bank Street College (teacher education) Erik Erikson correct answer: Neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" 8 psychosocial stages of development correct answer: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth - 1 year)

  1. Autonomy Vs. Shame & Doubt (2-3 years)
  2. Initiative Vs. Guilt (2-3 years) Jean Piaget correct answer: This psychologist believed children are born with an innate cognitive ability that must be developed. He believed intelligence consists of interaction and coping with one's environment and proposed 4 levels. Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operations. & Formal Operations. Stages of Cognitive Development correct answer: Sensorimotor (ages 0-2): child's perceptions are literal, acquires object permanence and representational thought. Preoperational (ages 2-7): child's perceptions are egocentric, early language development moves from personal to

consensual. Concrete operations (ages 8-12): improved abstract thinking (thinking beyond what you see). Formal operations (13 and up): systematic and logical thought (being able to think about your own thinking) Lev Vygotsky correct answer: Russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal development Urie Bronfenbrenner correct answer: Said that contextual influences can be categorized into four levels of influence; microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem