AESC 2050 - Exam 1 Questions And Answers, Exams of Cultural Studies

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Culture - correct answer Connects us to other humans who are not biologically related. Everything humans do on a daily basis. agriculture - correct answer Science or practice of farming for growing crops and rearing animals to provide humans with food or products. What do we run on? - correct answer Non-perishable, storable grains Corn, rice, and wheat Humans were prehistoric until - correct answer literature and writing (5000 years ago) 6-7 million years ago - correct answer separation from chimp line 2.5-3 million years ago - correct answer species "homo" emerges 2 million years ago - correct answer first tool manufacturing

200,000 years ago - correct answer homo sapiens emerge Biological & Cultural Adaptation - correct answer Improving survival skills, brain capacity, and flexibility in large groups Expand knowledge fast Preserve knowledge Build on past knowledge Emerging Hominids - correct answer -Foragers -Non -selective omnivores-Hunted gathered and scavenged -Mobility -Families and clans -Adult Females were the most important members of families -Gender division of labor was not rigid. Adult females did assist during hunting but they were mainly protected and stayed home. -Males did the high risk hunting trips and were rewarded when they survived -Beginning of patriarchy

Patriarchy - correct answer Social system where men hold primary power Wise Humans emerge - correct answer -Migrate out of africa 100,000 years ago -Cognitive Revolution -When we become behaviorally and biologically modern humans -Becoming biologically diverse -Concept of races -Cultural Adaptation The Agricultural Revolution - correct answer -10, years ago -People stop moving and farm -8,000 BC end of last ice age: brought warmer climates Mobility - correct answer -Smaller groups -Few kids and possessions Stability - correct answer -Larger groups -More kids and possessions

Agriculture created - correct answer -Concept of Land ownership -Production of surplus food -Creation of Labor Specialization Changing status of women - correct answer -labor demands and nomads, women tended to hold a higher status within society -They needed more kids to work Emergence of Complex Societies - correct answer - Writing emerged due to surplus food civilization - correct answer Permanent cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, advanced technology Positives of Agricultural Revolution - correct answer - Controllable food supply -Creation of a food surplus- labor specialization -Can be widely practiced all over the world Negatives of Agricultural Revolution - correct answer - Often requires radical changed to environment

-Farming is physically hard -Benefits overall population more than individuals subsistence agriculture - correct answer -A form of farming in which nearly all the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and the farmer's family, leaving little if any surplus for sale or trade -Mainly in tropical zones (equator) Extensive Subsistence - correct answer -Ag technique where a vast expanse of land is cultivated to yield minimal output of crops and animals -Less yield per acre -Simple -High physical energy -Larger land use Intensive Subsistence - correct answer -Method of ag where farmers get more food per hectare -More yield per acre -Relies more on advanced farming techniques -Smaller land use -Increase in farmer control

family farm - correct answer The UN defines a farm as those managed and operated by a family, with the family providing most of the farm's labor. -When the family owns most of the farm business -Make $1000 or more a year -87% owned by actual families -8% owned by partnerships -4% owned by corporations -1% owned by government trusts -The majority of your food is produced by a small number of farms -West is bigger farms -East is small farm Commercial Agriculture - correct answer -Involved as a business for profit based on the ability to produce surplus food -Arable (land suitable for growing crops) -Pastoral (land suitable for rearing animals) -Goal is to sell commodities for as much profit as possible -Mainly in temperate zones

Nomadic Herding - correct answer A type of pastoralism that geographically takes place in climates that are too harsh for ag plant growth, so focus moves to domesticated animals: -Extreme elevations -Not enough water Morrill Act of 1862 - correct answer -Introduced Land Grant act -Any schools with "A&M" -Wanted to assure that higher education was available to everyone Technology - correct answer -The making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve the problem. USA Farming - correct answer -There are about 2 million farms in the us today -About 430 acres on average -900 million acres are farmed -Acre is about the size of an American football field. -1 hectare~2.5 acres

(1700s) America's first cash crop - correct answer Tobacco Eli Whitney - correct answer invented cotton gin in 1800s which made cotton quickly become "go to" cash crop in Southeast. Put Savannah, GA on the map Savannah's rules - correct answer no rum, no blacks, no land ownership over 500 acres, and no catholics Boll Weevil - correct answer killed King cotton (1915) -5.2 million acres-2.6 million acres -Cotton demand moved to different states -South ga turned to row cropping then chickens Chickens - correct answer -We slaughter 1.5 billion _____ in GA every year -Gainesville, GA ______ capital of the world, Jesse Jewel Domestication - correct answer -A sustained multi generational relationship in which one group of organism assumes a significant degree of influence over their reproduction and care of another group to -Accentuate desirable traits

-Can involve behavioral, physiological, and genetic changes to both organisms that often leads to a dependent relationship. Dogs - correct answer (wolves) have adapted to live with humans -Not domesticated wolves- Genetic changes (digestion) -Selected for specific purposes -Understand human emotions (facials) -Understand language (verbal and body) -First domesticated animal Humans - correct answer -have adapted to live with dogs -ability to understand barks and body cues -Improved health (stress reduction) -Farming practices Taming - correct answer -wild animal that is captured at a young age and raised with human nurturing -submits to human control -not domestication

Chicken Domestication - correct answer -Origin is Burmese Red Jungle Fowl (SE Asia) -Domestication in SE Asia dates back to 8000 years ago European Breeds - correct answer -Followed the major traits of the original cock fighting chickens in SE Asia -They were small, aggressive, and flighty in general -Were used for food and fighting The Chinese developed - correct answer Cochin chicken Gifted Cochin chicken from Chinese emperor - correct answer Queen Victoria Positive Traits for Domestication - correct answer - Wide diet/ will eat many things -Grows fast/ matures quickly -Willing to breed in captivity -Calm (not flighty) -Flexible social hierarchy (Humans as master) -Provides a service

Negative Traits for Domestication - correct answer - Changes in body conformation/ physical structure (increased body mass) -Loss of natural behaviors -"Dumber" (smaller brain size) Mesoamerican culture believed _____ played an integral role in the creation of humans - correct answer Corn Before potatoes, Europe mainly relied on - correct answer wheat and grains Great potato Famine (1845-1852) - correct answer - Potato Blight disease hit -Before, there was 8 million in Ireland ~1 million people died and ~2 million people emigrated Monoculture - correct answer Agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop of plant species over a wide area for an extended period of time Urban Agriculture - correct answer Practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around a village, town, or city. Can involve animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, beekeeping, or horticulture

"Victory" Gardens - correct answer WWII- Vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks Low-Tech Urban Agriculture - correct answer -Taking advantage of existing urban areas for conversion to traditional agriculture methods -Rule Breaker: "Footprint" (productive ag doesn't have to be BIG) Medium-Tech Urban Agriculture - correct answer bringing new agricultural technologies into the urban environment- hydroponics, aquaponics -Rule Breaker: "Nutrient Delivery" (productive ag doesn't always need SOIL) High-Tech Urban Agriculture - correct answer incorporating innovative agricultural technologies into the planning phase of urban development -Rule Breaker: "Location" (large-scale production ag doesn't have to be limited to RURAL AREAS) Tri-State Water War: - correct answer Alabama, Georgia, Florida

Philosophy - correct answer A system of beliefs and values -love, truth, and knowledge Speciesism - correct answer giving preference to our own species over another, in the absence of morally relevant differences Pet - correct answer -Name -emotional connection -trained to help -long term relationship -responds to owners emotions Food animal - correct answer -number -consumed -no relationship Animal Welfare Act ~1966 - correct answer -First federal law that covers research animals -Doesn't cover pigs or birds