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Culture is made up of: a. rituals and language b. customs and beliefs c. clothing and food d. thoughts and values e. all of the above Ans - all of the above T/F - Agriculture only concerns the production of food. Ans - False The human population of the earth recently passed the mark. a. 1 billion b. 3 billion c. 5 billion d. 7 billion e. 10 billion Ans - 7 billion Which of the following chemicals has American culture established as legal for recreational use--while the others listed here are declared illegal? a. ethyl alcohol b. DMT c. lysergic acid diethylamide d. MDMA e. THC Ans - a. ethyl alcohol The top 3 "nonperishable storable" cereal grains produced globally are: a. corn, rice, wheat b. millet, rice, rye c. barley, oats, rice d. corn, oats, wheat e. barley, rice, what Ans - a. corn, rice, wheat Which continent has a high population density, but low cereal grain

production? a. Europe

b. North America c. Africa d. Asia e. South America Ans - c. Africa The video "The Science of Overpopulation" states that in the U.S., we use more water irrigating than any other crop: a. lawn grass b. sugarcane c. corn d. rice e. wheat Ans - a. lawn grass Using the figure above for 8. and 9., in which quadrant would you place the following countries: A | B C | D USA (A, B, C, or D) Ans - C Using the figure above for 8. and 9., in which quadrant would you place the following countries: A | B C | D Republic of Congo (A, B, C, or D) Ans - B The biggest difference between the Upper 20% and Lower 20% of U.S. income earners in terms of average annual expenditures, is that the Upper 20% are able to spend significantly more of their income on: a. food b. healthca re c. housing d. personal insurance and pensions e. entertainment Ans - d. personal insurance and pensions The Battle of Cajamarca in 1532 pitted Spanish Conquistadors against the . a. Aztecs b. Incas

c. Mayans

About years ago, humans began which d. Pimas e. Zulus Ans - b. Incas The separation between "prehistory" and "history" occurred about a. 2 million / start of tool making b. 2 million / invention of writing c. 200,000 / start of tool making d. 200,000 / start of farming e. 5,000 / invention of writing Ans - e. 5,000 / invention of writing believe was the first conscious cultural act. a. 2 million / tool making b. 2 million / farming c. 200,000 / tool making d. 200,000 / farming e. 5,000 / writing Ans - a. 2 million / tool making Instead of just using biological evolution to adjust to their environment, early humans also developed through , using intellectual and skills. a. cultural divergence b. cultural adaptation c. cultural emergence d. cultural isolation e. cultural interpretation Ans - b. cultural adaptation Most scientists believe that agriculture started in what is known as the "fertile crescent", which is located in (the) modern... a. Africa b. Asia c. Middle East d. South Africa e. North America Ans - c. Middle East Which of the following was not a characteristic of early emerging hominids: years ago, with the

a. few personal possessions b. foragers c. mobility d. opportunistic eaters

e. male dominated small families Ans - e. male dominated small families Early hominid males most often took on the dangerous tasks of hunting and defense because... a. they were bigger than the females b. they were braver than the females c. they were more expendable than the females d. they were smarter than the females e. they were faster than the females Ans - c. they were more expendable than the females Homo Sapiens Sapiens can be translated to: a. "wise humans" b. "upright humans" c. "wise apes" d. "tall humans" e. "bipedal apes" Ans - a. "wise humans" Advantages of the emerging farming lifestyle over the nomadic lifestyle did not include: a. increased population and overall growth b. increased possessions and wealth accumulaton c. less work d. allowance for labor specialization e. food surplus Ans - c. less work Agriculture allowed humans to produce , which led to the creation of , both of which were not known to human culture prior to agriculture. a. handmade tools / surplus foods b. surplus food / labor specialization c. weapons / military science d. healing drugs / medical science e. foot ware / mobile families Ans - b. surplus food / labor specialization The stage in human development in which a concentrated group of individuals develop sustained advanced social, organizational, and culture interactions is known as: a. anarchy

b. bipedal c. civilization d. democracy e. electoral college Ans - c. civilization

The video "Crash Course: The Agricultural Revolution" states that early humans tended to concentrate and settle on coasts because: a. it allowed for easy crop irrigation b. it aided in defense of land c. it provided an abundant supply of drinking water d. it allowed for easy water travel by boat or raft e. marine life provided an abundant food source Ans - e. marine life provided an abundant food source Which of the following has stayed relatively stable over the last 100 years in U.S. agriculture: a. total number of farms b. total number of acres farmed c. average size of farms (in acres) d. percent of population working on farms e. population of the U.S. Ans - b. total number of acres farmed The Land-Grant College Act of 1962 is also known as the: a. Sea-Grant College Act b. Morrill Act c. Lincoln Education Act d. Land-Grant Act of 1890 e. Traditional Back Agricultural College Act Ans - b. Morrill Act The 2 Land-Grand Universities in Georgia are UGA and: a. Armstrong State University b. Bainbridge State University c. Albany State University d. Fort Valley State University e. Savannah State University Ans - d. Fort Valley State University An acre is roughly the size of a: a. soccer pitch b. baseball diamond c. hectare d. (American) football field e. basketball court Ans - d. (American) football field

One (1) hectare is roughly equal to acres.

a. 1 b. 2. c. 5 d. 7. e. 10 Ans - b. 2. For U.S. Government tax purposes: a farm is any establishment which produced and sold, or normally would have produced and sold, or more of agricultural products during the year. a. $1,000, b. $100, c. $10, d. $1, e. $100 Ans - d. $1, The biggest difference between the United Nations' and U.S. Department of Agriculture's definition of a "family farm" is: a. size (all based on acreage) b. automation (how much mechanized equipment is used) c. income (how much money is produced by sales) d. crops / livestock (how many different drops or animals are farmed) e. labor (whether the family provides most of the farm labor or not Ans - e. labor (whether the family provides most of the farm labor or not) Based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's definition of a "family farm", approximately what percentage (%) of U.S. farms are "family farms"? a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75 e. 90 Ans - e. 90 The average size farm in the U.S. is about acres. a. 430, b. 43, c. 4, d. 430 e. 43 Ans - d. 430 Most of the small farms in the U.S. are in the: a. north

b. sout h c. east d. west e. Hawaiian islands Ans - c. east The first "We Are What We Eat" National Geographic Live! video we watched in class focused on the traditional hunting and gathering diet of native people in what country? a. Ghana b. Madagasc ar c. Argentina d. Tanzania e. South Africa Ans - d. Tanzania Agricultural land suitable for growing crops is known as: a. arable b. biodivers e c. cultivated d. developed e. pastoral Ans - a. arable Agricultural land suitable for rearing animals is known as: a. arable b. biodivers e c. cultivated d. developed e. pastoral Ans - e. pastoral The majority of commercial agriculture is conducted in which global climate zone: a. arctic b. antarctic c. temperate d. tropical e. pastoral Ans - c. temperate The majority of subsistence agriculture is conducted in which global climate zone:

a. arctic b. antarctic c. temperate d. tropical e. pastoral Ans - d. tropical

What is the best meaning of the term "extensive subsistence" farming? a. when many subsistence farmers cooperate to work larger tracts of farm land b. when a subsistence farmer works relatively large, but low productive farm land c. when many subsistence farmers cooperate to work small tracts of farm land d. when a subsistence farmer concentrates his efforts on small plots of farm land e. when modern farming techniques are employed by subsistence farmers Ans - b. when a subsistence farmer works relatively large, but low productive farm land What is the best meaning of the term "intensive subsistence" farming? a. when many subsistence farmers cooperate to work larger tracts of farm land b. when a subsistence farmer works relatively large, but low productive farm land c. when many subsistence farmers cooperate to work small tracts of farm land d. when a subsistence farmer concentrates his efforts on small plots of farm land e. when modern farming techniques are employed by subsistence farmers Ans - d. when a subsistence farmer concentrates his efforts on small plots of farm land Although relatively large, chicken production in modern India is unusual in that: a. almost all chicken is purchased by the government b. ~90% of chicken is bought fully-cooked c. very little chicken is eaten, the culture focuses on eating only eggs d. it has quickly developed into the world's most mechanized poultry system e. it is still ~90% a "live" market (consumers buy most of their chicken live) Ans - e. it is still ~90% a "live" market (consumers buy most of their chicken live) India loses approximately 40% of their fresh fruit and vegetable crops to rot. Which of the following if NOT given as a reason for this: a. lack of refrigerated trucking b. poor roads c. affluence d. inclement weather e. corruption Ans - c. affluence The title of the Reading assignment associated with the Role of International Farmers lecture is "The Story of South African Farming is a Story". a. ancient Agriculture b. family

c. surplus Food d. subsistence e. women's Ans - e. women's One of the take home messages from the Role of International Farmers lecture is:

Unwittingly, re-invigorated in the a. 70 - 80% of food in the developing world is produced by subsistence farmers b. the total numbers of subsistence farmers is dropping dramatically c. we can feed the future population of earth by converting back to subsistence farming d. subsistence farming results in surplus food production e. subsistence farming has a significantly smaller carbon footprint than modern farming Ans - a. 70 - 80% of food in the developing world is produced by subsistence farmers The economy and culture of the American Colonies was centered on what agricultural crop? a. corn b. cotton c. rice d. tobacco e. wheat Ans - d. tobacco What agricultural crop became "King" in America around 1800? a. corn b. cotton c. rice d. tobacco e. wheat Ans - b. cotton following his invention around 1800: a. Eli Whitney / the tobacco economy b. Eli Whitney / slavery c. Robert Fulton / steamboat travel d. Robert Fulton / long grain rice production e. Thomas Edison / cotton production Ans - b. Eli Whitney / slavery (T/F) Working TOBACCO is early America was back breaking work, thus even small farmers often utilized slaves. Ans - True This Georgia city became an international trade center of activity with the emergence of COTTON as the major cash crop in the south: a. Atlanta b. Brunswic k c. Columbus d. Savannah

e. Augusta Ans - e. Savannah What had the most devastating effect on King COTTON in Georgia, causing its decline?

a. Artificial fibers b. Boll Weevil c. Civil War d. Drought e. End of slavery Ans - b. Boll Weevil This Georgia city became the "Poultry Capital of the World" following the development of the Vertical Integration production/processing system there: a. Atlanta b. Macon c. Gainesville d. Columbus e. Dalton Ans - c. Gainesville What Georgia Agricultural commodity can only be produced in an established 20- country area and farmers must be licensed with the State of Georgia to package and sell? a. Vidalia Onions b. Plains Peanuts c. Savannah Long-Grain Rice d. South Georgia Pecans e. Cordele Watermelons Ans - a. Vidalia Onions In the "We Are What We Eat" Video at the start of the Domestication lecture, we saw an ocean/seafood based culture in the country of: a. Belize b. Burma c. Borneo d. Cacao e. Madagascar Ans - c. Borneo What is the SWAG as to why Red Jungle Fowl (wild chickens) were first domesticated in Southeast Asia? a. Cockfighting b. Protection from

predators c. Meat d. Feathers e. Eggs Ans - a. Cockfighting (T/F) Domestication is the same thing as taming. Ans - False

Approximately what % of the global population is lactose-intolerant (their lactase gene has been turned off in adulthood)? a. 25 b. 35 c. 50 d. 65 e. 80 Ans - d. 65 The Mayan culture in Central America believed that the gods mixed their blood with to create humankind. a. Rice flour b. Wheat flour c. Corn flour d. Wheat flour e. Potato Ans - c. Corn flour About half (50%) of the average American diet of vegetables is made up of: a. Lettuce and tomato b. Onion and Celery c. Peas and Carrots d. Potatoes and tomatoes e. Broccoli and potatoes Ans - d. Potatoes and tomatoes (T/F) Domestication of animals has led to biological and cultural changes in humans. Ans - True Which of the following in NOT a preferred trait of domesticated farm animals. a. Eats a lot of different things b. Grows fast/matures quickly c. Willing to breed in captivity d. High activity level e. Flexible social hierarchy (accept humans as master) Ans - d. High activity level God gives man dominion over the animals of the earth in which Book of the Christian Bible: a. Deuteronomy b. Exodus c.

Genesis d. Leviticus e. Numbers Ans - c. Genesis

In 2008, the state of put Proposition 2 on the state's voting ballot, which established minimum housing area requirements for Hinduism and Buddhism share the religious view of animals that: a. all animals exist to serve man b. human ancestors return as animals, so animals must be treated with equal respect c. all animals represent evil spirits d. man has domain over the animals e. all animals should be ignored by man Ans - b. human ancestors return as animals, so animals must be treated with equal respect The term "Speciesism" is associated with the concept of: a. giving preference to species closest to you b. equality among all species c. limiting the species used in agriculture d. limiting the species used in research e. all of the above Ans - a. giving preference to species closest to you In the video: "How pigs parts make the world turn", Christien Meindersma says the STRANGEST product she found that included pig was , and the most BEAUTIFUL was. a. soap / toothpaste b. paint brushes / paint c. injectable collagen / wine d. ammunition / a heart valve e. none of the above Ans - d. ammunition / a heart valve a. California b. Colorado c. Connecticut d. Georgia e. Oregon Ans - a. California What animal is at the heart of the debate in animal product testing of cosmetics since their eyes have no tear ducts, making them a popular choice for testing? a. mice b. chimpanze es c. rabbits d. chickens e. rats Ans - c. rabbits

(T/F) The CDC in Atlanta has published warnings to pet owners of chickens to NOT hug and kiss their birds due to pathogens (bacteria that can make humans sick). Ans - True Using the graph above, put the meats in the correct order based on per capita consumption: a. 1. Beef, 2. Chicken, 3. Pork b. 1. Chicken, 2. Pork, 3. Beef c. 1. Pork, 2. Beef, 3. Chicken d. 1. Chicken, 2. Beef, 3. Pork e. 1. Beef, 2. Pork, 3. Chicken Ans - d. 1. Chicken, 2. Beef, 3. Pork When did the DUST BOWL occur in the U.S.? a. 1920 - 1930 b. 1930 - 1940 c. 1940 - 1950 d. 1950 - 1960 e. 1960 - 1970 Ans - b. 1930 - 1940 The NATURAL disaster that was a major factor in causing the DUST BOWL was: a. Drought b. Flooding c. Depression d. Tornadoes e. No crop rotation Ans - a. Drought What book did Dr. Kiepper mention in class that tells the plight of one family facing the hardships of the DUST BOWL? a. Green Peace b. Grapes of Wrath c. Of Mice and Men d. Silent Spring e. The Jungle Ans - b. Grapes of Wrath In 1969, the Cuyahoga River in Ohio: a. Ran dry b. Flooded c. Caught on fire

d. Was dyed green from industrial waste e. Had a massive fish kill Ans - c. Caught on fire

What book credited with starting the widespread movement of Environmental Awareness in the U.S. in the 1960s? a. Green Peace b. Grapes of Wrath c. Of Mice and Men d. Silent Spring e. The Jungle Ans - d. Silent Spring The 1st major piece of U.S. federal environmental legislation passed in 1970 was the: a. Clean Air Act b. Clean Landfill Act c. Clean Soil Act d. Clean Water Act e. All of the above Ans - a. Clean Air Act Agriculture gets much of the blame for nutrient runoff into surface waters, but is / are a major contributing factor also. a. commercial landscape companies b. effluent from wastewater treatment plants c. acid rain d. runoff from parking lots e. homeowners spreading fertilizer Ans - e. homeowners spreading fertilizer At the next party you attend, you are going to get everyone to do what dance that you learned in this class? a. the Baked Potato b. the Potato Salad c. the French Fry d. the Mash Potato e. the Monster Mash Ans - d. the Mash Potato Did Lawton Pearson, of Pearson Farms, say he was a 1st generation farmer (his parents don't farm) OR he is a multi-generational farmer (his is the latest in a long line of farmers)? a. 1st generation farmer b. Multi-generational farmer Ans - b. Multi-generational farmer Lawton Pearson, of Pearson Farms, said Pecans are harvested: a. year around