AESC 2050 Final Exam – Comprehensive Solutions and Study Guide for Agricultural Engineerin, Exams of Agricultural engineering

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Culture is made up of: A. Rituals and language B. Customs and beliefs C. Clothing and food D. Thoughts and values E. All of the above - -correct ans- -E. All of the above The TOP 3 "nonperishable storable" cereal grains produced globally are: A. Corn, Oats, Wheat B. Millet, Rice, Rye C. Barley, Oats, Rice D. Barley, Rice, Wheat E. Corn, Rice, Wheat - -correct ans- -E. Corn, Rice, Wheat About ___________ years ago, Hominids began ____________ which scientists believe was the first conscious cultural act. A. 5,000 / writing B. 200,000 / tool making C. 200,000 / farming D. 2 million / tool making

E. 2 million / farming - -correct ans- -D. 2 million / tool making Agriculture allowed humans to produce __________, which led to the creation of ____________, both of which were not known to human culture prior to agriculture. A. handmade tools / surplus foods B. weapons / military science C. surplus food/ labor specialization D. healing drugs / medical science E. foot ware / mobile families - -correct ans- -C. surplus food/ labor specialization The separation between "Prehistory" and "History" occurred about ___________ years ago, with the _________________. A. 5,000 / invention of writing B. 200,000 / start of tool making C. 200,000 / start of farming D. 2 million / start of tool making E. 2 million / invention of writing - -correct ans- - A. 5,000 / invention of writing The domestication of Potatoes began ~8,000 years ago in modern day: A. Canada B. Peru C. Ireland D. Mexico - -correct ans- - B. Peru The average % of annual income spent on food in U.S. households is: A. less than 10

What did Juanfra DeVillena say was the cultural difference between Americans and Latinos when it comes to "personal space"? A. American demand much more personal space than Latinos B. Latinos demand much more personal space than Americans C. Americans are more comfortable than Latinos as people get closer to them D. Latinos get very uncomfortable if people do not stay at least an arm's length away E. Both feel basically the same about the subject - -correct ans- - A. American demand much more personal space than Latinos What book credited with starting the Environmental Awareness movement in the U.S. in the 1960s? A. Green Peace B. Grapes of Wrath C. Silent Spring D. Of Mice and Men E. The Jungle - -correct ans- - C. Silent Spring The macro-nutrient diet of the average American is dominated by 50% ______________. A. protein B. carbohydrate C. fat D. vitamins E. minerals - -correct ans- - B. carbohydrate What percentage (%) of the total USDA budget is devoted to Nutrition (food assistance) programs?

A. 10

B. 20

C. 40

D. 60

E. 80 - -correct ans- -E. 80 Advertising, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular cause or point of view is called _________________. A. Advertising B. Marketing C. Vulgarity D. Spin E. Propaganda - -correct ans- -E. Propaganda Treating an animal with an antibiotic BEFORE it shows symptoms of an illness is known as Treating: A. Sub-therapeutically B. Therapeutically - -correct ans- -A. Sub-therapeutically Crops labeled as ORGANIC are pesticide-free. A. True B. False - -correct ans- -B. False Approximately what % of the global population is lactose-intolerant (their lactase gene has been turned off after weaning from mother's milk)? A. 25 B. 33

After pressure from the Temperance Movement, what was removed from the original Coca-Cola formula?. A. sugar B. cocaine C. caffeine D. wine E. grain alcohol - -correct ans- -D. wine Ketchup traces it origins back to modern day ____________ as a type of ___________ called "ketsiap". A. Indonesia / fish sauce B. Ireland / potato condiment C. China / medicine D. Russia / soup E. Peru / salad topping - -correct ans- -A. Indonesia / fish sauce Tomato Ketchup was developed in the U.S. because: A. there was an over-abundance of tomatoes B. people loved the red color C. tomatoes are highly acidic and ketchup had a long shelf-life D. it wasn't developed in the U.S., it was from Russia E. there was a shortage of mushrooms - -correct ans- -A. there was an over-abundance of tomatoes The person given credit for spreading the popularity of Tomato Ketchup throughout the U.S. is: A. Charles Hunt B. Henry Heinz

C. Dave Thomas D. Ray McDonald E. Harland Sanders - -correct ans- -B. Henry Heinz Who is known as "The Father of Frozen Food"? A. John Pemberton B. John Giant C. Clarence Birdseye D. Albert Swanson E. John Hunts - -correct ans- -C. Clarence Birdseye The KEY to top quality frozen food is: A. freeze it SLOW B. freeze it DRY C. freeze it FAST D. freeze it in WATER E. HEAT it before freezing - -correct ans- -C. freeze it FAST What is the common story given to why the Potato Chip was first invented? A. it was created to feed the huge number of WWI basic training recruits at an Army base B. it was created by mistake when a machine in a food processing plant stopped operating properly C. it was developed and sent in for a recipe contest in a popular Women's magazine D. it was in response to a shortage of rice in the Southeast U.S. following flooding E. it was in response to a restaurant customer complaint about thick and soggy fried potatoes - - correct ans- -E. it was in response to a restaurant customer complaint about thick and soggy fried potatoes

D. Non-selective Omnivore E. None of the above - -correct ans- -D. Non-selective Omnivore What animal is part of the national dish of KAZAKHSTAN that it is cultural unacceptable to eat in the U.S.? A. cow B. horse C. cat D. dog E. snake - -correct ans- -B. horse What does the word "BOARD" mean in "Room and Board"? A. food (a place at the eating board) B. a bed (board to sleep on) C. a partition (board for privacy) D. transportation (a place on the buckboard) E. a bath (boarded up area for bathing) - -correct ans- -A. food (a place at the eating board) Why are the EYES of PREY animals on the sides of their heads? A. allows for depth perception B. helps in catching their food C. allows for binocular vision D. provides the widest field of vision E. All of the above - -correct ans- -D. provides the widest field of vision

Colonel (Harland) Sanders is most famous for his KFC Secret 11-Herbs and Spices Recipe, but his real breakthrough invention in the emerging "fast-food" restaurant industry was: A. pressure frying to speed up frying chicken B. the drive-thru window C. the All-You-Can-Eat buffet D. the takeout Bucket container E. the "boneless" chicken wing - -correct ans- -A. pressure frying to speed up frying chicken What famous fast-food entrepreneur made his fortune working for Colonel (Harland) Sanders at KFC prior to starting his own fast food chain? A. John Pemberton B. Ray Kroc C. Dave Thomas D. Clarence Birdseye E. Ernest Tubbs - -correct ans- -C. Dave Thomas Why did old drugstores have soda fountains in them? A. they provided cheap lunches for drugstore customers B. they provided customers with a place to wait on their prescriptions C. they provided ice cream for customers with fevers D. most old drugstores didn't have soda fountains in them E. they help make drugist prepared concoctions more palatable by adding flavorings - -correct ans- -E. they help make drugist prepared concoctions more palatable by adding flavorings What highly-digestible PROTEIN source do people in developing countries use as a valuable food source, but we Americans rarely, if ever, eat? (Hint: It was part of Dr. Kiepper's Chinese Chicken Soup)?

E. Buddhism - -correct ans- -E. Buddhism Which religion does not allow the consumption of seafood, unless it has "fins and scales": A. Christianity B. Hinduism C. Islam D. Judaism E. Buddhism - -correct ans- -D. Judaism This religion uses the analogy of food consumption as a substitute for absorbing a deity into one's self (a.k.a. the Eucharist): A. Christianity B. Hinduism C. Islam D. Judaism E. Buddhism - -correct ans- -A. Christianity The term "Halal" is associated with: A. Christianity B. Hinduism C. Islam D. Judaism E. Buddhism - -correct ans- -C. Islam Religion often makes the consumption of food a(n) __________ issue. A. Economic

B. Private C. Legal D. Moral E. Educational - -correct ans- -D. Moral Proselytizing is: A. attempting to convert someone from one belief to another B. predicting the future C. the process of becoming a vegetarian D. the process of becoming a meat eater again E. all the above - -correct ans- -A. attempting to convert someone from one belief to another Raw Vegans/ Raw Food Dieters do not consume food that has been _______________. A. Heated above 212 F B. Heated above 115 F C. Chilled D. Frozen E. Heated at all - -correct ans- -B. Heated above 115 F People on this diet can eat meat occasionally: A. Macrobiotic B. Flexitarian C. Lacto-ovo-vegetarían D. Pescatarian E. Vegan - -correct ans- -B. Flexitarian

What is the #1 pathogen in the U.S. that causes illnesses and hospitalizations? A. Aflatoxin B. E. coli C. Salmonella D. Campylobacter E. Norovirus - -correct ans- -C. Salmonella During the Food Safety lecture, Lauren Vaccaro talked about the cultural impact of 2 foodborne illness outbreaks in 2015 involving E. coli and what restaurant chain? A. McDonald's B. Olive Garden C. Chili's D. Chipotle E. Waffle house - -correct ans- -D. Chipotle What change(s) in U.S. culture has/have led to increases in food-related illnesses contracted in the home? A. loss of cooking skills B. loss of cleaning skills C. increased number of pets D. storage problems with large portion sizes E. all of the above - -correct ans- -E. all of the above According to the World Food Safety Performance Rankings from 2014, the USA was #1 in food safety. A. True

B. False - -correct ans- -B. False Research has found that almost half of all food items from food companies doing this: ___________ , reach the consumer above the recommended 40-degree F refrigerated temperature. A. Teaching food preparation workshops B. Selling RTE (ready-to-eat) foods C. supplying school meals D. Supplying home meal delivery kits E. supplying military meals - -correct ans- -D. Supplying home meal delivery kits Low-income areas in the U.S. that have less access to supermarkets / large grocery stores are known as "Food __________". A. Jungles B. Havens C. Hell D. Deserts E. Voids - -correct ans- -D. Deserts Which of the following government agencies plays a role in regulating food and food safety? A. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) B. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the USDA C. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) D. None of the Above E. A, B and C - -correct ans- -E. A, B and C Match the DECADE with the "FOOD FAD" 1920s:

E. Casseroles - -correct ans- -C. TV Dinners Match the DECADE with the "FOOD FAD" 1960s: A. Fondue B. SPAM and Canned Soup C. TV Dinners D. Jell-O E. Casseroles - -correct ans- -A. Fondue Early hominids _____________, which led directly to the evolution of modern humans: A. ate food raw B. cooked their food C. increased the time they spent eating D. narrowed their diet to calorie-rich foods E. none of the above - -correct ans- -B. cooked their food What new technology emerged in the 1920s that "flattened" or "normalized" the food culture in the U.S.? A. Home Electricity B. Root Cellars C. Home Refrigeration D. Household Air Conditioning E. Central Heat - -correct ans- -C. Home Refrigeration In the early 1900s, Dr. ________ touted the evils of a meat (i.e., protein/fat) based diet being consumed by most Americans and wanted to replace it with a carbohydrate-based diet.

A. Post B. Pepper C. Pasteur D. Atkins E. Kellogg - -correct ans- -E. Kellogg In the early 2000s, Dr. _________ touted the evils of a carbohydrate-based diet being consumed by most Americans and wanted to replace it with a protein/fat-based diet. A. Post B. Pepper C. Pasteur D. Atkins E. Kellogg - -correct ans- -D. Atkins Foods "Fads" rely on which extrinsic value the most? A. Achievement B. Image C. Power D. Conformity E. Financial Success - -correct ans- -D. Conformity Where does WASTED FOOD rank in the amount of material placed in U.S. landfills? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 4th