Lenin & Stalin's Economic Policies: Nationalization, NEP, 5-Year Plans, Collectivization, Exams of History

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Agriculture and Industry- Russia History A Level paper 1Questions with Verified Answers Nationalisation of industry - Correct answer refers to Lenin economic policy between years 1917-1921 going through series of radically different phases reflecting on the problems that Russia had faced previously albeit nationalization of industry was a revolutionary response to previous era What was Lenin's early idea on socialism? - Correct answer Unlike Marxists believing that socialism was only possible in advanced countries Lenin argued revolution in Russia would spread across Europe to the advanced countries which would send aid to the developing countries making Russian economy develop rapidly without the need for capitalism What was the main problem with issue at the time of Lenin's leadership? - Correct answer Russia was left behind by other western powers in arms of industrialisation with Russia not yet experiencing an industrial revolution of their own as of yet What was Lenin's vision of a socialist economy? - Correct answer Lenin believed that a socialist economy would be highly efficient believing that it require modern technology, expert management and well educated and disciplined workers to do so What was the problem of Lenin's vision on a socialist economy? - Correct answer Lenin didn't have time for leisure having no sympathy for what he called "laziness" assuming people after the revolution would find their work extremely more fulfilling and therefore large amounts of leisure time would be unnecessarily however this did lead to problems such as overworked workers What was Lenin's state capitalist economy based on? - Correct answer Nationalisation of the economy Who ran the nationalized industries? - Correct answer Supreme soviet of the national economy/Vesenkha- group of economic experts What were the purposes of Vesenkha? - Correct answer ensure factories were properly managed by placing them under the control of well-paid specialists, coordinate economic production to meet the needs of new society What were the problems with nationalized industries? - Correct answer Only larger industries were nationalized than smaller ones which were controlled by the workers or capitalized by returning in the hands of the capitalists why was state capitalism extremely unpopular? - Correct answer It's because it showed not much of a difference was done from previous conditions in Russia than under Lenin with radicals like Bukharin rejecting state capitalism rather favoring of worker's control but was left unchanged becoming an official policy of th new government from March-June 1918 when policy had changed due to outbreak of civil was What was the purpose of land reform? - Correct answer was Lenin's attempt to win support as well as stimulate agriculture in the Soviet Union with following the 1917 decree of land large estates belonging to church or to on land with broken up given to the peasants being extremely popular reform with the peasants overall Why was war communism created? - Correct answer Was created as a series of emergency economic measures which would ensure communist booty in the Civil War ensuring high levels of industrial production of war goods, efficient allocation of workers, food production to feed soldiers What was food dictatorship? - Correct answer Where Lenin tried to introduce a series of measures to ensure food was available to soldiers and workers consisting of grain requisitioning from land owned by peasants and rationing of supply of foods handled by the supply commissariat What was measures of labour discipline? - Correct answer 1918 work day was extended to 11 hours, 1919 work was made compulsory for people aged between 16-50 years old, harsh punishments were given to workers who were caught lacking Why did Lenin introduce NEP? - Correct answer To retain political power, to revise the economy, to build socialism How was NEP measured? - Correct answer agricultural was left in the free market with peasants could easily buy as well as selling the grain they had produced on their land, small factories/workshops were de nationalized if they had less than 20 workers, large factories and other major industries on the other hand remained nationalized, money was reintroduced in the Soviet Union what were the consequences of NEP? - Correct answer Despite being leading to political and economic stability in the soviet union it didn't however lead to rapid industrial growth as well as being largely unpopular in the communist party for having capitalist ideas What was the scissor crisis? - Correct answer Where NEP led to uneven economic growth despite agriculture recovering quickly the result of greater food supplies from the NEP led to reduction in their value as well as industry prices only growing steadily from NEP but by 1923 it had been at a crisis point with gap of farmers incomes and industrial