Agronomy Written Test with 100%Verified Questions and Answers Assured Success, Exams of Nursing

Download Agronomy Written Test with 100%Verified Questions and Answers Assured Success and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Agronomy Written Test with 100%Verified Questions and Answers Assured Success Who is given credit for discovering that soybeans were an excellent source of protein and oil and for encouraging farmers to rotate their crops with soybeans? - Correct Answers George Washington Carver What term is used to describe fine brown or gray hairs on the leaves, stems, and pods of? Soybeans? - Correct Answers pubescence Which of the following is a true statement regarding soybeans? - Correct Answers Soybeans are generally considered a source of complete protein. The top 2 states in terms of soybean production? - Correct Answers Iowa and Illinois A (n) _________ is a plant that can fix nitrogen from the air in the soil - Correct Answers legume Living organisms that cause disease are often referred to as ______. - Correct Answers pathogens Which of the following is a benefit of integrated pest management? - Correct Answers reduced pesticide costs Economic injury level is _____. - Correct Answers the point at which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused by a Pest Which method of pest control involves making the crop environment unsuitable for pests to feed? Live, or reproduce? - Correct Answers cultural What are used to kill unwanted plants? - Correct Answers herbicides What is caused by environmental imbalances and cannot be spread to other plants? - Correct Answers noninfectious disease What are the three components of the disease triangle? - Correct Answers a susceptible host, a causal agent, and environmental conditions What are the principle causes of most diseases that affect agricultural crops? - Correct Answers Fungi Which of the following is a cultural/physical method used to manage pest populations? - Correct Answers removing and destroying infected plants What is a pathogen? - Correct Answers a living, disease-producing agent Optimum care of plants through irrigation and fertilization reduce weed, disease, and insect problems. Which type of disease control measure do these represent? - Correct Answers cultural Use of beneficial predatory insects is an example of which type of pest control? - Correct Answers biological Why is the implementation of an IPM program beneficial to the environment? - Correct Answers There is reduced contamination and degradation of soil and water. A grower notices that a crop displays yellow streaking and stunted growth and identifies the problem as virus-related. How would this type of disturbance be classified? - Correct Answers infectious disease infectious disease What is a tiny, hair-like roundworm that feeds on the roots of plants? - Correct Answers nematode What is a main objective of cultural control of plant pests? - Correct Answers maintaining healthy plants by providing optimal growing conditions What is the first step in choosing an insecticide for pest control? - Correct Answers properly identify the pest What provides protection and support for the insect? - Correct Answers exoskeleton The corn earworm is the most destructive insect pest of corn in the United States. Which stage of the insect's metamorphosis causes the most damage? - Correct Answers larva An insect, such as the grasshopper, undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. What process allows the insect to continually grow to reach a mature size? - Correct Answers molting Why is an insect pest's feeding habit important? - Correct Answers It can determine the best method of control. Which method of insect control is the most likely to cause environmental damage? - Correct Answers chemical Which group of insecticides including DDT and dicofol are highly toxic and are very dangerous because they are absorbed by the fatty tissue of animals? - Correct Answers organochloride A grower faced a situation where a pest appeared to be eliminated from a field, and after a few weeks the pest repopulated the field. What is the best explanation for how this occurred? - Correct Answers pest resurgence What is a pathogen? - Correct Answers a living, disease-producing agent What are the most common causes of infectious plant diseases? - Correct Answers fungi A _________ is an organism that benefits from a prolonged association with another organism or host. - Correct Answers parasite How is the incubation phase of plant disease progression defined? - Correct Answers a period during which the pathogen develops a form that can penetrate or infect the new host plant A susceptible host plant, a disease-producing agent, and a favorable environment are associated with _______. - Correct Answers the disease triangle What is caused by environmental imbalances and cannot be spread to other plants? - Correct Answers noninfectious disease What is a career title for a professional who specializes in plant health and agents that cause plant diseases? - Correct Answers plant pathologist The disease triangle consists of _____. - Correct Answers a susceptible host, a causal agent, and environmental conditions What is the best explanation as to why the leaves on a plant would wilt and turn brown, individual branches die back, and the vascular tissue appear discolored? - Correct Answers The plant has a fungi infection of the xylem and phloem. Which of the following is a cultural/physical method used to manage pest populations? - Correct Answers removing and destroying infected plants A heavy rainfall causes flooding of a field. Within a week the crop shows symptoms of disease including the yellowing of leaves. How would this type of disturbance be classified? - Correct Answers abiotic disease How do nematodes affect plants? - Correct Answers They reduce plant vigor and growth. Plant diseases progress by five distinct phases; what is the correct sequence? - Correct Answers inoculation, incubation, penetration, infection, and disease Some pathogens may infect certain plant parts. How is this type of infection classified? - Correct Answers localized infection What are eukaryotic organisms that cause disease; most reproduce by spores? - Correct Answers fungi Which of the following is a true statement regarding bacterial diseases? - Correct Answers Healthy plants are less disposed to bacterial disease. A __________ is a localized diseased area or lesion that is discolored. - Correct Answers canker What are organisms that can live only on nonliving matter? - Correct Answers obligate saprophytes What is a fungal disease that causes lesions on the roots or stem of seedlings that weaken the stem, causing it to topple? - Correct Answers damping off What is a common viral disease that causes symptoms include stunting, mottling, and curling of leaves? - Correct Answers soybean mosaic When are fungicides most effective? - Correct Answers when applied before fungal disease is present Which of the following statements is true? - Correct Answers A relatively small number of bacteria cause disease to living plants Why is it important to provide plants with optimal growing conditions? - Correct Answers Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease.)Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease. How does fireblight damage of apples, pears, and related plants? - Correct Answers Flowers and leaves turn brown and wilt, shrivel, and blacken. How would the quick death to living tissue, rot, and canker be classified? - Correct Answers necrosis Corn smut is an obligate parasite. What does this mean? - Correct Answers It extracts nutrients from living plant tissues and survive apart from its host How are watering practices and rainfall associated with plant diseases? - Correct Answers Water can spread disease organisms and moisture aids growth of microbes. has a LD50 of 300. What can he conclude? - Correct Answers Pesticide A is more poisonous than pesticide B. How should empty pesticide containers be handled? - Correct Answers Triple rinse the containers and puncture them. A forester mixed chemical pesticides and applied them to a tree using recommended procedures. Afterwards, he used the bathroom, and then washed his hands. The route of entry of pesticides into his body would most likely occur through _____ exposure. - Correct Answers dermal How do general-use or restricted-use pesticides compare? - Correct Answers Restricted-use pesticides have higher toxicity levels and are more hazardous than general-use pesticides. What is the physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles through the air at the time of application or soon after? - Correct Answers drift Which is a safety practice to follow when using pesticides? - Correct Answers Use pesticides only approved for the crop and disease or pest What is the method used to measure inhalation toxicity? - Correct Answers LC50 What is the primary purpose of the pesticide label? - Correct Answers to provide information about the active ingredient Dry flowables, solutions, and dusts are examples of _____. - Correct Answers formulations What are surfactants? - Correct Answers wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid and allow easier spreading of the pesticide What are words that are required on every label to indicate the degree of toxicity and the potential danger of using each pesticide? - Correct Answers signal words What is the most important practice when working with pesticides? - Correct Answers reading the label Which part of a pesticide label helps users decide the proper steps to take to protect the user, others, and domesticated animals that may be exposed? - Correct Answers precautionary statements Why would an applicator add surfactants when mixing pesticides? - Correct Answers to allow easier spreading of the pesticide What is printed on the label of all pesticide containers? - Correct Answers keep out of reach of children Where would an applicator look to determine the pesticide's formulation? - Correct Answers on the front panel Roundup® made by Monsanto is also known as glyphosate. What type of name is glyphosate? - Correct Answers common name Why is the name and address of manufacturer printed on a pesticide label? - Correct Answers so that the company can be reached in case of an emergency Which section of a pesticide label includes specific guidelines such as application rates and reentry limitations? - Correct Answers Directions for Use What is the function of the active ingredient in a pesticide? - Correct Answers to kill the pest or pathogen A pesticide user sees the letters (EC), (WP), (DF), (S), (G), and (D) on various pesticide products. What do these letters represent? - Correct Answers formulations With which government entity do manufacturers register pesticides? - Correct Answers Environmental Protection Agency What is an application made before the crop has emerged or broken through the soil surface? - Correct Answers preemergence What type of application involves treating only selected plants? - Correct Answers directed What must be done to the pressure to double the flow rate? - Correct Answers The pressure must be increased four times What would happen if the ground speed of the sprayer is doubled? - Correct Answers The application rate is reduced by one-half What happens if the effective spray width per nozzle is doubled? - Correct Answers It decreases the gallons per acre applied by one-half. What type of application used primarily with fruit trees and ornamentals involves treating only selected plants? - Correct Answers directed What would happen if the ground speed of a sprayer is increased from 3 miles per hour to 6 miles per hour? - Correct Answers The application rate is reduced by one-half. A park maintenance worker wants to double the flow rate of a nozzle from 0.25 GPM at 15 psi to 0.50 GPM. How would she change the pressure to double the flow rate? - Correct Answers increase it to 60 psi A farm manager calibrates a sprayer to deliver 30 GPA (gallons per acre) at 4 MPH. However, the operator assigned to the task travels at 6 MPH (the pressure remains constant). What is the result? - Correct Answers The application rate falls to 20 gallons per acre. A lawn maintenance company promotes its weed control program. What is the type of application in terms of timing? - Correct Answers postemergence A vegetable grower applies herbicides in narrow strips usually 10 to 12 inches wide. What is this type of application? - Correct Answers band How can a grower increase nozzle flow rate? - Correct Answers Use of a nozzle tip with a larger orifice or increase the pressure in the tank. Which type of application is least likely to cause damage to the environment? - Correct Answers spot What type of record keeping is required for pesticide application? - Correct Answers date of application Who in an organization has the responsibility for all pesticide purchasing, storage, handling, and use? - Correct Answers applicator Under which situation would a person using a pesticide be exempt from licensing? - Correct Answers a person using a general-use pesticide on his or her own property Which government entity certifies and licenses those individuals using pesticides in outdoor environments and in the production of agricultural commodities? - Correct Answers Department of Agriculture What are pesticide users required by law to do? - Correct Answers maintain current records of restricted-use pesticide applications An agricultural company hires a qualified person who has as one of his duties the responsibility of applying pesticides on the company's property. How would this person be classified? - Correct Answers Commercial Not- for-Hire Operator Licensing requirements for a pesticide operator include _____. - Correct Answers a general standards exam Corn is classified as a ___________ crop. - Correct Answers cereal grain Corn is ___________. - Correct Answers gynoecia’s What is the most common type of corn grown in the United States? - Correct Answers dent corn Which of the following is a true statement regarding corn? - Correct Answers Corn is a warm season crop and germination is best when temperatures are warm. What refers to a measure of the temperature requirements best for corn growth? - Correct Answers growing degree day Corn requires ____________ most other crops. - Correct Answers more nutrients than Grain corn should be harvested at ________ percent moisture. - Correct Answers 20 to 28 What stage of corn development does V1 represent? - Correct Answers the first fully expanded leaf with the leaf collar _______________ is made from the endosperm only. - Correct Answers White flour What is a soft, low-protein wheat used for cakes, pie crusts, biscuits, and muffins? - Correct Answers soft red winter wheat What is wheat germ? - Correct Answers the embryo of the seed Which type of flour has the highest protein content and is an important component in noodles, pasta, and Indian flatbreads? - Correct Answers semolina What countries are the leading producers of wheat? - Correct Answers China, India, and the United States Which of the following is a true statement regarding wheat variety selection? - Correct Answers Wheat is harvested with a combine, so varieties that do not lodge or shatter should be selected. When is winter wheat planted? - Correct Answers in the fall before winter begins Wheat normally requires between ____________ days between planting and harvest? - Correct Answers 110 and 130 What is the development of shoots from buds at the base of the main stem? - Correct Answers tailoring What is shattering? - Correct Answers the point at which mature kernels fall from the wheat head What is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated grains and is grown for animal feed, human consumption, or malting? - Correct Answers barley According to the USDA, what are the top states for oat production? - Correct Answers North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Texas When should oats, barley, and rye be seeded? - Correct Answers as early as possible after the frost is out of the ground What is best for seeding small grains? - Correct Answers grain drill with press wheels Breeding wheat to rye produces_________, which has one set of rye chromosomes and three sets of wheat chromosomes. - Correct Answers triticale Which type of sorghum is commonly used as forage and for making syrup and molasses? - Correct Answers sweet sorghum Which two states are the leading producers of sorghum? - Correct Answers Kansas and Texas Why are hybrid sorghum plants valued? - Correct Answers Standing 2- to 4-feet tall, they are easy to harvest. Grain sorghum is planted using a process known as___________, which is the planting of seed in the bottoms of shallow furrows to make better use of moisture. - Correct Answers listing Which of the following is a true statement regarding sorghum? - Correct Answers Sorghum is more drought resistant than other grains. What are the two cultivated varieties of rice? - Correct Answers paddy rice and African rice Which of the following is a true statement regarding rice? - Correct Answers It is the only cereal crop that can be grown in standing water. What is silage that contains less than 50 percent moisture? - Correct Answers haylage What are culms? - Correct Answers the stems of the grass plant ___________ are flowering, broad-leaf plants with soft stems. - Correct Answers Forbs What is a cool-season perennial grass for pasture and hay that has medium to high palatability, fair winter hardiness, fair drought tolerance, and the earliest heading dates? - Correct Answers orchardgrass What is a cool-season perennial forb grown for hay, silage, pasture, and green manure, has very high palatability, and good drought tolerance? - Correct Answers alfalfa Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of forage crops? - Correct Answers Forage grasses can be planted into existing vegetation. What are used to roll and crimp the cut forage? - Correct Answers conditioners A _____________ is a long row of cut hay. - Correct Answers windrow Which designation of hay is of very early maturity and is pre-bloom, soft, fine-stemmed, and extra leafy? - Correct Answers supreme hay What describes metabolizable energy (ME) chemical analysis of hay? - Correct Answers a measure of the amount of gross feed energy remaining after deducting for losses in animal wastes and gases Which of the following is true about cotton? - Correct Answers Cotton is a tropical plant and is very sensitive to frost. Nearly 95 percent of all U.S. cotton production is ___________. - Correct Answers upland cotton What is the top cotton-producing state? - Correct Answers Texas What is the name given to the fruit of a cotton plant? - Correct Answers boll What is the process of separating lint from the pods and seeds? - Correct Answers ginning Corn is ___________. - Correct Answers gynoecia’s Who is given credit for discovering that soybeans were an excellent source of protein and oil and for encouraging farmers to rotate their crops with soybeans? - Correct Answers George Washington Carver What term is used to describe fine brown or gray hairs on the leaves, stems, and pods of? soybeans? - Correct Answers pubescence Which of the following is a true statement regarding soybeans? - Correct Answers Soybeans are generally considered a source of complete protein. The top 2 states in terms of soybean production? - Correct Answers Iowa and Illinois A (n) _________ is a plant that can fix nitrogen from the air in the soil - Correct Answers legume Living organisms that cause disease are often referred to as ______. - Correct Answers pathogens Which of the following is a benefit of integrated pest management? - Correct Answers reduced pesticide costs Economic injury level is _____. - Correct Answers the point at which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused by a pest Which method of pest control involves making the crop environment unsuitable for pests to feed, live, or reproduce? - Correct Answers cultural What are used to kill unwanted plants? - Correct Answers herbicides What is caused by environmental imbalances and cannot be spread to other plants? - Correct Answers noninfectious disease What are the three components of the disease triangle? - Correct Answers a susceptible host, a causal agent, and environmental conditions What are the principle causes of most diseases that affect agricultural crops? - Correct Answers Fungi Which of the following is a cultural/physical method used to manage pest populations? - Correct Answers removing and destroying infected plants What is a pathogen? - Correct Answers a living, disease-producing agent Optimum care of plants through irrigation and fertilization reduce weed, disease, and insect problems. Which type of disease control measure do these represent? - Correct Answers cultural Use of beneficial predatory insects is an example of which type of pest control? - Correct Answers biological Why is the implementation of an IPM program beneficial to the environment? - Correct Answers There is reduced contamination and degradation of soil and water. A grower notices that a crop displays yellow streaking and stunted growth and identifies the problem as virus-related. How would this type of disturbance be classified? - Correct Answers infectious diseaseinfectious disease What is a tiny, hair-like roundworm that feeds on the roots of plants? - Correct Answers nematode What is a main objective of cultural control of plant pests? - Correct Answers maintaining healthy plants by providing optimal growing conditions What is the first step in choosing an insecticide for pest control? - Correct Answers properly identify the pest What provides protection and support for the insect? - Correct Answers exoskeleton The corn earworm is the most destructive insect pest of corn in the United States. Which stage of the insect's metamorphosis causes the most damage? - Correct Answers larva An insect, such as the grasshopper, undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. What process allows the insect to continually grow to reach a mature size? - Correct Answers molting Why is an insect pest's feeding habit important? - Correct Answers It can determine the best method of control. Which method of insect control is the most likely to cause environmental damage? - Correct Answers chemical Which group of insecticides including DDT and dicofol are highly toxic and are very dangerous because they are absorbed by the fatty tissue of animals? - Correct Answers organochloride A grower faced a situation where a pest appeared to be eliminated from a field, and after a few weeks the pest repopulated the field. What is the best explanation for how this occurred? - Correct Answers pest resurgence What is a pathogen? - Correct Answers a living, disease-producing agent What are the most common causes of infectious plant diseases? - Correct Answers fungi A _________ is an organism that benefits from a prolonged association with another organism or host. - Correct Answers parasite How is the incubation phase of plant disease progression defined? - Correct Answers a period during which the pathogen develops a form that can penetrate or infect the new host plant A susceptible host plant, a disease-producing agent, and a favorable environment are associated with _______. - Correct Answers the disease triangle What is caused by environmental imbalances and cannot be spread to other plants? - Correct Answers noninfectious disease What is a career title for a professional who specializes in plant health and agents that cause plant diseases? - Correct Answers plant pathologist The disease triangle consists of _____. - Correct Answers a susceptible host, a causal agent, and environmental conditions What is the best explanation as to why the leaves on a plant would wilt and turn brown, individual branches die back, and the vascular tissue appear discolored? - Correct Answers The plant has a fungi infection of the xylem and phloem. Which of the following is a cultural/physical method used to manage pest populations? - Correct Answers removing and destroying infected plants A heavy rainfall causes flooding of a field. Within a week the crop shows symptoms of disease including the yellowing of leaves. How would this type of disturbance be classified? - Correct Answers abiotic disease How do nematodes affect plants? - Correct Answers They reduce plant vigor and growth. Plant diseases progress by five distinct phases; what is the correct sequence? - Correct Answers inoculation, incubation, penetration, infection, and disease Some pathogens may infect certain plant parts. How is this type of infection classified? - Correct Answers localized infection What are eukaryotic organisms that cause disease; most reproduce by spores? - Correct Answers fungi Which of the following is a true statement regarding bacterial diseases? - Correct Answers Healthy plants are less disposed to bacterial disease. A __________ is a localized diseased area or lesion that is discolored. - Correct Answers canker What are organisms that can live only on nonliving matter? - Correct Answers obligate saprophytes What is a fungal disease that causes lesions on the roots or stem of seedlings that weaken the stem, causing it to topple? - Correct Answers damping off What is a common viral disease that causes symptoms include stunting, mottling, and curling of leaves? - Correct Answers soybean mosaic When are fungicides most effective? - Correct Answers when applied before fungal disease is present Which of the following statements is true? - Correct Answers A relatively small number of bacteria cause disease to living plants Why is it important to provide plants with optimal growing conditions? - Correct Answers Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease.)Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease. How does fireblight damage of apples, pears, and related plants? - Correct Answers Flowers and leaves turn brown and wilt, shrivel, and blacken. How would the quick death to living tissue, rot, and canker be classified? - Correct Answers necrosis Corn smut is an obligate parasite. What does this mean? - Correct Answers It extracts nutrients from living plant tissues and survive apart from its host How are watering practices and rainfall associated with plant diseases? - Correct Answers Water can spread disease organisms and moisture aids growth of microbes. has a LD50 of 300. What can he conclude? - Correct Answers Pesticide A is more poisonous than pesticide B. How should empty pesticide containers be handled? - Correct Answers Triple rinses the containers and punctures them. A forester mixed chemical pesticides and applied them to a tree using recommended procedures. Afterwards, he used the bathroom, and then washed his hands. The route of entry of pesticides into his body would most likely occur through _____ exposure. - Correct Answers dermal How do general-use or restricted-use pesticides compare? - Correct Answers Restricted-use pesticides have higher toxicity levels and are more hazardous than general-use pesticides. What is the physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles through the air at the time of application or soon after? - Correct Answers drift Which is a safety practice to follow when using pesticides? - Correct Answers Use pesticides only approved for the crop and disease or pest What is the method used to measure inhalation toxicity? - Correct Answers LC50 What is the primary purpose of the pesticide label? - Correct Answers to provide information about the active ingredient Dry foldable, solutions, and dusts are examples of _____. - Correct Answers formulations What are surfactants? - Correct Answers wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid and allow easier spreading of the pesticide What are words that are required on every label to indicate the degree of toxicity and the potential danger of using each pesticide? - Correct Answers signal words What is the most important practice when working with pesticides? - Correct Answers reading the label Which part of a pesticide label helps users decide the proper steps to take to protect the user, others, and domesticated animals that may be exposed? - Correct Answers precautionary statements Why would an applicator add surfactants when mixing pesticides? - Correct Answers to allow easier spreading of the pesticide What is printed on the label of all pesticide containers? - Correct Answers keep out of reach of children Where would an applicator look to determine the pesticide's formulation? - Correct Answers on the front panel Roundup® made by Monsanto is also known as glyphosate. What type of name is glyphosate? - Correct Answers common name Why is the name and address of manufacturer printed on a pesticide label? - Correct Answers so that the company can be reached in case of an emergency Which section of a pesticide label includes specific guidelines such as application rates and reentry limitations? - Correct Answers Directions for Use What is the function of the active ingredient in a pesticide? - Correct Answers to kill the pest or pathogen A pesticide user sees the letters (EC), (WP), (DF), (S), (G), and (D) on various pesticide products. What do these letters represent? - Correct Answers formulations With which government entity do manufacturers register pesticides? - Correct Answers Environmental Protection Agency What is an application made before the crop has emerged or broken through the soil surface? - Correct Answers reemergence What type of application involves treating only selected plants? - Correct Answers directed What must be done to the pressure to double the flow rate? - Correct Answers The pressure must be increased four times What would happen if the ground speed of the sprayer is doubled? - Correct Answers The application rate is reduced by one-half What happens if the effective spray width per nozzle is doubled? - Correct Answers It decreases the gallons per acre applied by one-half. What type of application used primarily with fruit trees and ornamentals involves treating only selected plants? - Correct Answers directed What would happen if the ground speed of a sprayer is increased from 3 miles per hour to 6 miles per hour? - Correct Answers The application rate is reduced by one-half. A park maintenance worker wants to double the flow rate of a nozzle from 0.25 GPM at 15 psi to 0.50 GPM. How would she change the pressure to double the flow rate? - Correct Answers increase it to 60 psi A farm manager calibrates a sprayer to deliver 30 GPA (gallons per acre) at 4 MPH. However, the operator assigned to the task travels at 6 MPH (the pressure remains constant). What is the result? - Correct Answers The application rate falls to 20 gallons per acre. A lawn maintenance company promotes its weed control program. What is the type of application in terms of timing? - Correct Answers post emergence A vegetable grower applies herbicides in narrow strips usually 10 to 12 inches wide. What is this type of application? - Correct Answers band How can a grower increase nozzle flow rate? - Correct Answers Use of a nozzle tip with a larger orifice or increase the pressure in the tank. Which type of application is least likely to cause damage to the environment? - Correct Answers spot What type of record keeping is required for pesticide application? - Correct Answers date of application Who in an organization has the responsibility for all pesticide purchasing, storage, handling, and use? - Correct Answers applicator Under which situation would a person using a pesticide be exempt from licensing? - Correct Answers a person using a general-use pesticide on his or her own property Which government entity certifies and licenses those individuals using pesticides in outdoor environments and in the production of agricultural commodities? - Correct Answers Department of Agriculture What are pesticide users required by law to do? - Correct Answers maintain current records of restricted-use pesticide applications An agricultural company hires a qualified person who has as one of his duties the responsibility of applying pesticides on the company's property. How would this person be classified? - Correct Answers Commercial Not- for-Hire Operator Licensing requirements for a pesticide operator include _____. - Correct Answers a general standards exam Corn is classified as a ___________ crop. - Correct Answers cereal grain Corn is ___________. - Correct Answers gynoecia’s What is the most common type of corn grown in the United States? - Correct Answers dent corn Which of the following is a true statement regarding corn? - Correct Answers Corn is a warm season crop and germination is best when temperatures are warm. What refers to a measure of the temperature requirements best for corn growth? - Correct Answers growing degree day Corn requires ____________ most other crops. - Correct Answers more nutrients than Grain corn should be harvested at ________ percent moisture. - Correct Answers 20 to 28 What stage of corn development does V1 represent? - Correct Answers the first fully expanded leaf with the leaf collar _______________ is made from the endosperm only. - Correct Answers White flour What is a soft, low-protein wheat used for cakes, pie crusts, biscuits, and muffins? - Correct Answers soft red winter wheat What is wheat germ? - Correct Answers the embryo of the seed Which type of flour has the highest protein content and is an important component in noodles, pasta, and Indian flatbreads? - Correct Answers semolina What countries are the leading producers of wheat? - Correct Answers China, India, and the United States Which of the following is a true statement regarding wheat variety selection? - Correct Answers Wheat is harvested with a combine, so varieties that do not lodge or shatter should be selected. When is winter wheat planted? - Correct Answers in the fall before winter begins Wheat normally requires between ____________ days between planting and harvest? - Correct Answers 110 and 130 What is the development of shoots from buds at the base of the main stem? - Correct Answers tailoring What is shattering? - Correct Answers the point at which mature kernels fall from the wheat head What is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated grains and is grown for animal feed, human consumption, or malting? - Correct Answers barley According to the USDA, what are the top states for oat production? - Correct Answers North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Texas When should oats, barley, and rye be seeded? - Correct Answers as early as possible after the frost is out of the ground What is best for seeding small grains? - Correct Answers grain drill with press wheels Breeding wheat to rye produces_________, which has one set of rye chromosomes and three sets of wheat chromosomes. - Correct Answers triticale Which type of sorghum is commonly used as forage and for making syrup and molasses? - Correct Answers sweet sorghum Which two states are the leading producers of sorghum? - Correct Answers Kansas and Texas Why are hybrid sorghum plants valued? - Correct Answers Standing 2- to 4-feet tall, they are easy to harvest. Grain sorghum is planted using a process known as___________, which is the planting of seed in the bottoms of shallow furrows to make better use of moisture. - Correct Answers listing Which of the following is a true statement regarding sorghum? - Correct Answers Sorghum is more drought resistant than other grains. What are the two cultivated varieties of rice? - Correct Answers paddy rice and African rice Which of the following is a true statement regarding rice? - Correct Answers It is the only cereal crop that can be grown in standing water. What is silage that contains less than 50 percent moisture? - Correct Answers haylage What are culms? - Correct Answers the stems of the grass plant ___________ are flowering, broad-leaf plants with soft stems. - Correct Answers Forbs What is a cool-season perennial grass for pasture and hay that has medium to high palatability, fair winter hardiness, fair drought tolerance, and the earliest heading dates? - Correct Answers orchardgrass What is a cool-season perennial forb grown for hay, silage, pasture, and green manure, has very high palatability, and good drought tolerance? - Correct Answers alfalfa Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of forage crops? - Correct Answers Forage grasses can be planted into existing vegetation. What are used to roll and crimp the cut forage? - Correct Answers conditioners A _____________ is a long row of cut hay. - Correct Answers windrow Which designation of hay is of very early maturity and is pre-bloom, soft, fine-stemmed, and extra leafy? - Correct Answers supreme hay What describes metabolizable energy (ME) chemical analysis of hay? - Correct Answers a measure of the amount of gross feed energy remaining after deducting for losses in animal wastes and gases Which of the following is true about cotton? - Correct Answers Cotton is a tropical plant and is very sensitive to frost. Nearly 95 percent of all U.S. cotton production is ___________. - Correct Answers upland cotton What is the top cotton-producing state? - Correct Answers Texas What is the name given to the fruit of a cotton plant? - Correct Answers boll What is the process of separating lint from the pods and seeds? - Correct Answers ginning Corn is ___________. - Correct Answers gynoecia’s Who is given credit for discovering that soybeans were an excellent source of protein and oil and for encouraging farmers to rotate their crops with soybeans? - Correct Answers George Washington Carver What term is used to describe fine brown or gray hairs on the leaves, stems, and pods of? soybeans? - Correct Answers pubescence Which of the following is a true statement regarding soybeans? - Correct Answers Soybeans are generally considered a source of complete protein. The top 2 states in terms of soybean production? - Correct Answers Iowa and Illinois A (n) _________ is a plant that can fix nitrogen from the air in the soil - Correct Answers legume Living organisms that cause disease are often referred to as ______. - Correct Answers pathogens Which of the following is a benefit of integrated pest management? - Correct Answers reduced pesticide costs Economic injury level is _____. - Correct Answers the point at which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused by a pest Which method of pest control involves making the crop environment unsuitable for pests to feed, live, or reproduce? - Correct Answers cultural What are used to kill unwanted plants? - Correct Answers herbicides What is caused by environmental imbalances and cannot be spread to other plants? - Correct Answers noninfectious disease What are the three components of the disease triangle? - Correct Answers a susceptible host, a causal agent, and environmental conditions What are the principle causes of most diseases that affect agricultural crops? - Correct Answers Fungi Which of the following is a cultural/physical method used to manage pest populations? - Correct Answers removing and destroying infected plants What is a pathogen? - Correct Answers a living, disease-producing agent Optimum care of plants through irrigation and fertilization reduce weed, disease, and insect problems. Which type of disease control measure do these represent? - Correct Answers cultural Use of beneficial predatory insects is an example of which type of pest control? - Correct Answers biological Why is the implementation of an IPM program beneficial to the environment? - Correct Answers There is reduced contamination and degradation of soil and water. A grower notices that a crop displays yellow streaking and stunted growth and identifies the problem as virus-related. How would this type of disturbance be classified? - Correct Answers infectious diseaseinfectious disease What is a tiny, hair-like roundworm that feeds on the roots of plants? - Correct Answers nematode What is a main objective of cultural control of plant pests? - Correct Answers maintaining healthy plants by providing optimal growing conditions What is the first step in choosing an insecticide for pest control? - Correct Answers properly identify the pest What provides protection and support for the insect? - Correct Answers exoskeleton The corn earworm is the most destructive insect pest of corn in the United States. Which stage of the insect's metamorphosis causes the most damage? - Correct Answers larva An insect, such as the grasshopper, undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. What process allows the insect to continually grow to reach a mature size? - Correct Answers molting Why is an insect pest's feeding habit important? - Correct Answers It can determine the best method of control. Which method of insect control is the most likely to cause environmental damage? - Correct Answers chemical Which group of insecticides including DDT and dicofol are highly toxic and are very dangerous because they are absorbed by the fatty tissue of animals? - Correct Answers organ chloride A grower faced a situation where a pest appeared to be eliminated from a field, and after a few weeks the pest repopulated the field. What is the best explanation for how this occurred? - Correct Answers pest resurgence What is a pathogen? - Correct Answers a living, disease-producing agent What are the most common causes of infectious plant diseases? - Correct Answers fungi A _________ is an organism that benefits from a prolonged association with another organism or host. - Correct Answers parasite How is the incubation phase of plant disease progression defined? - Correct Answers a period during which the pathogen develops a form that can penetrate or infect the new host plant A susceptible host plant, a disease-producing agent, and a favorable environment are associated with _______. - Correct Answers the disease triangle What is caused by environmental imbalances and cannot be spread to other plants? - Correct Answers noninfectious disease What is a career title for a professional who specializes in plant health and agents that cause plant diseases? - Correct Answers plant pathologist The disease triangle consists of _____. - Correct Answers a susceptible host, a causal agent, and environmental conditions What are the best explanation as to why the leaves on a plant would wilt and turn brown, individual branches die back, and the vascular tissue appear discolored? - Correct Answers The plant has a fungi infection of the xylem and phloem. Which of the following is a cultural/physical method used to manage pest populations? - Correct Answers removing and destroying infected plants A heavy rainfall causes flooding of a field. Within a week the crop shows symptoms of disease including the yellowing of leaves. How would this type of disturbance be classified? - Correct Answers abiotic disease How do nematodes affect plants? - Correct Answers They reduce plant vigor and growth. Plant diseases progress by five distinct phases; what is the correct sequence? - Correct Answers inoculation, incubation, penetration, infection, and disease Some pathogens may infect certain plant parts. How is this type of infection classified? - Correct Answers localized infection What are eukaryotic organisms that cause disease; most reproduce by spores? - Correct Answers fungi Which of the following is a true statement regarding bacterial diseases? - Correct Answers Healthy plants are less disposed to bacterial disease. A __________ is a localized diseased area or lesion that is discolored. - Correct Answers canker What are organisms that can live only on nonliving matter? - Correct Answers obligate saprophytes What is a fungal disease that causes lesions on the roots or stem of seedlings that weaken the stem, causing it to topple? - Correct Answers damping off What is a common viral disease that causes symptoms include stunting, mottling, and curling of leaves? - Correct Answers soybean mosaic When are fungicides most effective? - Correct Answers when applied before fungal disease is present Which of the following statements is true? - Correct Answers A relatively small number of bacteria cause disease to living plants Why is it important to provide plants with optimal growing conditions? - Correct Answers Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease.)Healthy plants are less susceptible to disease. How does firelight damage of apples, pears, and related plants? - Correct Answers Flowers and leaves turn brown and wilt, shrivel, and blacken. How would the quick death to living tissue, rot, and canker be classified? - Correct Answers necrosis Corn smut is an obligate parasite. What does this mean? - Correct Answers It extracts nutrients from living plant tissues and survives apart from its host How are watering practices and rainfall associated with plant diseases? - Correct Answers Water can spread disease organisms and moisture aids growth of microbes. has a LD50 of 300. What can he conclude? - Correct Answers Pesticide A is more poisonous than pesticide B. How should empty pesticide containers be handled? - Correct Answers Triple rinses the containers and punctures them. A forester mixed chemical pesticides and applied them to a tree using recommended procedures. Afterwards, he used the bathroom, and then washed his hands. The route of entry of pesticides into his body would most likely occur through _____ exposure. - Correct Answers dermal How do general-use or restricted-use pesticides compare? - Correct Answers Restricted-use pesticides have higher toxicity levels and are more hazardous than general-use pesticides. What is the physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles through the air at the time of application or soon after? - Correct Answers drift Which is a safety practice to follow when using pesticides? - Correct Answers Use pesticides only approved for the crop and disease or pest What is the method used to measure inhalation toxicity? - Correct Answers LC50 What is the primary purpose of the pesticide label? - Correct Answers to provide information about the active ingredient Dry foldable, solutions, and dusts are examples of _____. - Correct Answers formulations What are surfactants? - Correct Answers wetting agents that lower the surface tension of a liquid and allow easier spreading of the pesticide What are words that are required on every label to indicate the degree of toxicity and the potential danger of using each pesticide? - Correct Answers signal words What is the most important practice when working with pesticides? - Correct Answers reading the label Which part of a pesticide label helps users decide the proper steps to take to protect the user, others, and domesticated animals that may be exposed? - Correct Answers precautionary statements Why would an applicator add surfactants when mixing pesticides? - Correct Answers to allow easier spreading of the pesticide What is printed on the label of all pesticide containers? - Correct Answers keep out of reach of children Where would an applicator look to determine the pesticide's formulation? - Correct Answers on the front panel Roundup® made by Monsanto is also known as glyphosate. What type of name is glyphosate? - Correct Answers common name Why is the name and address of manufacturer printed on a pesticide label? - Correct Answers so that the company can be reached in case of an emergency Which section of a pesticide label includes specific guidelines such as application rates and reentry limitations? - Correct Answers Directions for Use What is the function of the active ingredient in a pesticide? - Correct Answers to kill the pest or pathogen A pesticide user sees the letters (EC), (WP), (DF), (S), (G), and (D) on various pesticide products. What do these letters represent? - Correct Answers formulations With which government entity do manufacturers register pesticides? - Correct Answers Environmental Protection Agency What is an application made before the crop has emerged or broken through the soil surface? - Correct Answers reemergence What type of application involves treating only selected plants? - Correct Answers directed What must be done to the pressure to double the flow rate? - Correct Answers The pressure must be increased four times What would happen if the ground speed of the sprayer is doubled? - Correct Answers The application rate is reduced by one-half What happens if the effective spray width per nozzle is doubled? - Correct Answers It decreases the gallons per acre applied by one-half. What type of application used primarily with fruit trees and ornamentals involves treating only selected plants? - Correct Answers directed What would happen if the ground speed of a sprayer is increased from 3 miles per hour to 6 miles per hour? - Correct Answers The application rate is reduced by one-half. A park maintenance worker wants to double the flow rate of a nozzle from 0.25 GPM at 15 psi to 0.50 GPM. How would she change the pressure to double the flow rate? - Correct Answers increase it to 60 psi A farm manager calibrates a sprayer to deliver 30 GPA (gallons per acre) at 4 MPH. However, the operator assigned to the task travels at 6 MPH (the pressure remains constant). What is the result? - Correct Answers The application rate falls to 20 gallons per acre. A lawn maintenance company promotes its weed control program. What is the type of application in terms of timing? - Correct Answers post emergence A vegetable grower applies herbicides in narrow strips usually 10 to 12 inches wide. What is this type of application? - Correct Answers band How can a grower increase nozzle flow rate? - Correct Answers Use of a nozzle tip with a larger orifice or increase the pressure in the tank. Which type of application is least likely to cause damage to the environment? - Correct Answers spot What type of record keeping is required for pesticide application? - Correct Answers date of application Who in an organization has the responsibility for all pesticide purchasing, storage, handling, and use? - Correct Answers applicator Under which situation would a person using a pesticide be exempt from licensing? - Correct Answers a person using a general-use pesticide on his or her own property Which government entity certifies and licenses those individuals using pesticides in outdoor environments and in the production of agricultural commodities? - Correct Answers Department of Agriculture What are pesticide users required by law to do? - Correct Answers maintain current records of restricted-use pesticide applications An agricultural company hires a qualified person who has as one of his duties the responsibility of applying pesticides on the company's property. How would this person be classified? - Correct Answers Commercial Not- for-Hire Operator Licensing requirements for a pesticide operator include _____. - Correct Answers a general standards exam Corn is classified as a ___________ crop. - Correct Answers cereal grain Corn is ___________. - Correct Answers gynoecia’s What is the most common type of corn grown in the United States? - Correct Answers dent corn Which of the following is a true statement regarding corn? - Correct Answers Corn is a warm season crop and germination is best when temperatures are warm. What refers to a measure of the temperature requirements best for corn growth? - Correct Answers growing degree day Corn requires ____________ most other crops. - Correct Answers more nutrients than Grain corn should be harvested at ________ percent moisture. - Correct Answers 20 to 28 What stage of corn development does V1 represent? - Correct Answers the first fully expanded leaf with the leaf collar _______________ is made from the endosperm only. - Correct Answers White flour What is a soft, low-protein wheat used for cakes, pie crusts, biscuits, and muffins? - Correct Answers soft red winter wheat What is wheat germ? - Correct Answers the embryo of the seed Which type of flour has the highest protein content and is an important component in noodles, pasta, and Indian flatbreads? - Correct Answers semolina What countries are the leading producers of wheat? - Correct Answers China, India, and the United States Which of the following is a true statement regarding wheat variety selection? - Correct Answers Wheat is harvested with a combine, so varieties that do not lodge or shatter should be selected. When is winter wheat planted? - Correct Answers in the fall before winter begins Wheat normally requires between ____________ days between planting and harvest? - Correct Answers 110 and 130 What is the development of shoots from buds at the base of the main stem? - Correct Answers tailoring What is shattering? - Correct Answers the point at which mature kernels fall from the wheat head What is believed to be one of the earliest cultivated grains and is grown for animal feed, human consumption, or malting? - Correct Answers barley According to the USDA, what are the top states for oat production? - Correct Answers North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Texas When should oats, barley, and rye be seeded? - Correct Answers as early as possible after the frost is out of the ground What is best for seeding small grains? - Correct Answers grain drill with press wheels Breeding wheat to rye produces_________, which has one set of rye chromosomes and three sets of wheat chromosomes. - Correct Answers triticale Which type of sorghum is commonly used as forage and for making syrup and molasses? - Correct Answers sweet sorghum Which two states are the leading producers of sorghum? - Correct Answers Kansas and Texas Why are hybrid sorghum plants valued? - Correct Answers Standing 2- to 4-feet tall, they are easy to harvest. Grain sorghum is planted using a process known as___________, which is the planting of seed in the bottoms of shallow furrows to make better use of moisture. - Correct Answers listing Which of the following is a true statement regarding sorghum? - Correct Answers Sorghum is more drought resistant than other grains. What are the two cultivated varieties of rice? - Correct Answers paddy rice and African rice Which of the following is a true statement regarding rice? - Correct Answers It is the only cereal crop that can be grown in standing water. What is silage that contains less than 50 percent moisture? - Correct Answers haylage What are culms? - Correct Answers the stems of the grass plant ___________ are flowering, broad-leaf plants with soft stems. - Correct Answers Forbs What is a cool-season perennial grass for pasture and hay that has medium to high palatability, fair winter hardiness, fair drought tolerance, and the earliest heading dates? - Correct Answers orchardgrass What is a cool-season perennial forb grown for hay, silage, pasture, and green manure, has very high palatability, and good drought tolerance? - Correct Answers alfalfa Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of forage crops? - Correct Answers Forage grasses can be planted into existing vegetation. What are used to roll and crimp the cut forage? - Correct Answers conditioners A _____________ is a long row of cut hay. - Correct Answers windrow Which designation of hay is of very early maturity and is pre-bloom, soft, fine-stemmed, and extra leafy? - Correct Answers supreme hay What describes metabolizable energy (ME) chemical analysis of hay? - Correct Answers a measure of the amount of gross feed energy remaining after deducting for losses in animal wastes and gases Which of the following is true about cotton? - Correct Answers Cotton is a tropical plant and is very sensitive to frost. Nearly 95 percent of all U.S. cotton production is ___________. - Correct Answers upland cotton What is the top cotton-producing state? - Correct Answers Texas What is the name given to the fruit of a cotton plant? - Correct Answers boll What is the process of separating lint from the pods and seeds? - Correct Answers ginning Corn is ___________. - Correct Answers gynoecia’s