AHS 1001 Medical Terminology Exam, Exams of Nursing

Download AHS 1001 Medical Terminology Exam and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! AHS 1001 Medical Terminology COMPLETED EXAM 2023/2024 1. What is the meaning of the suffix -itis? Give an example of a word that contains it and explain its meaning. - The suffix -itis means inflammation. An example of a word that contains it is gastritis, which means inflammation of the stomach. 2. What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? Give an example of each. - A sign is an objective indication of a disease or condition that can be observed or measured by others, such as fever, rash, or blood pressure. A symptom is a subjective experience of a disease or condition that is reported by the patient, such as pain, nausea, or fatigue. 3. What are the four main types of tissues in the human body? Name one organ that contains each type of tissue and explain its function. - The four main types of tissues in the human body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces and lines the cavities and ducts. It also forms glands that secrete substances. An example of an organ that contains epithelial tissue is the skin, which protects the body from external agents and regulates temperature and water loss. Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues and organs. It also stores fat, produces blood cells, and fights infection. An example of an organ that contains connective tissue is the bone, which provides structure and support for the body and protects vital organs. Muscle tissue contracts and relaxes to produce movement. It also generates heat and maintains posture. An example of an organ that contains muscle tissue is the heart, which pumps blood throughout the body. Nervous tissue transmits and processes information from sensory receptors to effectors. It also coordinates and regulates body functions. An example of an organ that contains nervous tissue is the brain, which controls voluntary and involuntary actions and processes sensory input. 4. What are the three main parts of a neuron? Describe their structure and function. - The three main parts of a neuron are the cell body, the axon, and the dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles that maintain the cell's metabolism and produce neurotransmitters. The axon is a long, thin extension that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The dendrites are - The four main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma is the liquid part of blood that contains water, proteins, salts, hormones, nutrients, wastes, and gases. It transports substances throughout the body and maintains fluid balance and pH. Red blood cells are disc-shaped cells that contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen and carbon dioxide. They transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. White blood cells are irregular-shaped cells that have nuclei and various granules or vacuoles. They defend the body against infection and disease by producing antibodies, engulfing pathogens, or releasing chemicals. Platelets are fragments of cells that have no nuclei but have granules that contain clotting factors. They help stop bleeding by forming plugs at sites of injury and activating coagulation pathways. 10. What are the two main types of immunity in the human body? Explain how they differ in terms of specificity, memory, speed, and cells involved. - The two main types of immunity in the human body are innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is nonspecific, meaning it does not distinguish between different types of pathogens or antigens. It has no memory, meaning it does not remember previous exposures or respond faster to repeated infections. It acts quickly, within minutes or hours of exposure. It involves cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, complement proteins, interferons, cytokines, and inflammation mediators. Adaptive immunity is specific, meaning it recognizes and targets specific types of pathogens or antigens. It has memory, meaning it remembers previous exposures and responds faster and stronger to repeated infections. It acts slowly, within days or weeks of exposure. It involves cells such as B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, antibodies, and antigen-presenting cells.  Your mother is having her uterus surgically removed along with her ovaries. Removal of ovaries is called  hysterectomy  orchidectomy  appendectomy  oophorectomy  gastrectomy  A patient with epilepsy has had a procedure performed that records brain electrical activity. This procedure is called  electrocardiography  electroencephalography  electromyography  electrogastrography  electrophoresis  A female patient has a special X-ray procedure of the breasts performed. The X-ray image is called a  mammoplasty  mammoplasia  mammography  mastectomy  mammogram  Permanent damage to heart muscle due to a blocked artery is termed  angina pectoris  myocardial infarct  cardiomyopathy  cardiomegaly  myocarditis  A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is termed  echocardiogram  cardiac scan  electrocardiogram  cardiac catheterization  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)  Meningitis refers to  inflammation of the brain  inflammation of the membranes around the brain  inflammation of the spinal cord  a sensation of itchiness of the scalp  an inflammation unique to males  Neuropathy is a term describing  a specialist in diseases of the nervous system  inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain  a noninflammatory disease of nerves  absence of a brain at birth  a herniation of the brain outside the skull  Which of the following procedures involves injecting a radioactive element into a patient’s vein that may mark the presence of a tumor?  A brain scan  Computed tomography  Electroencephalography  Magnetic resonance imaging  Angiography  A baby is born without a brain. The diagnosis would be  encephalitis  myelodysplasia  meningocele  anencephalic  meningomyelocele  A patient may have a brain tumor, and the physician decides to use a procedure that will give the highest resolution of imaging soft tissues. He gives orders for  a brain scan  computed tomography  electroencephalography  magnetic resonance imaging  lumbar puncture  A patient suddenly has difficulty speaking and her right arm feels stiff and weak. After four hours, she has complete return of normal speech and movement. This patient most likely suffered a/an  stroke  transient ischemic attack  narcoleptic episode  epileptic seizure  myocardial infarction  Introduction of a fiberoptic instrument through the abdominal wall for diagnostic purposes is called  sigmoidoscopy  neuralgia  myalgia  analgesia  arthralgia  cephalgia  Myasthenia gravis involves  inflammation of muscles  degeneration of muscles  severe muscular weakness  inflammation of joints  paralysis of muscles  When weight-lifters exercise regularly their muscles become stronger and the increase in muscular size is due to  atrophy  dystrophy  myasthenia  myositis  hypertrophy  Inflammation of the shock absorber-like structure protecting a tendon sliding over a bone is termed  arthritis  tendonitis  bursitis  osteitis  osteomyelitis  A patient with epilepsy has had a procedure performed that records brain electrical activity. This procedure is called  electrocardiography  electroencephalography  electromyography  electrogastrography  electrophoresis