Air Force Officer Qualifying Test Questions and Answers: Aviation Fundamentals, Exams of Social Sciences

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AIR FORCE OFFICER QUALIFYING TEST QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS

Ailerons Located on the trailing edge of the wing to provide roll control Attitude The aircrafts orientation relative to Earth's horizon Cowling Metal covering of an airplane engine, helps with cooling Axes of Flight (Rotation) Pitch, Roll, Yaw Engine Instruments Tachometer Ammeter (battery), Engine Oil Pressure, Manifold Pressure, Engine Pressure Ratio, Fuel Pressure, Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge

How does lower density air influence aircraft? Reduces power, thrust, and lift Propeller Generates Thrust What does the rudder do? Moves the airplane nose left and right (Yaw) What does the elevator do on an aircraft? Moves airplane nose up and down? (Pitch) How does atmospheric pressure influence aircraft? As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases reducing thrust, lift, and power Air Density decreases with altitude

High Temperature Decreases Air Density The four aerodynamic forces acting on an airplane are Lift, Weight (Gravity), Thrust, Drag When extended or down, wing flaps provide Greater lift and more drag If the elevator trim tabs on the airplane are lowered, the plane will tend to Nose Up an elephant cannot jump An oxide is formed when an element is chemically combined with what type of specific element Oxygen Under normal VFR conditions how much of a pilots attention should be focused on cockpit instruments No more than 10% An aircraft instructed to land on Rwy 23L would establish an approach heading of 230 degress Which two flight controls are used to control the rate of a turn Elevator and Ailerons composite number A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors.

Newton's Laws of Motion 1 Body at rest remains at rest Moving the control stick to the right or left affects which aircraft controls Ailerons Newton's Laws of Motion 2 Constant force creates acceleration proportional to mass Climb Types Normal Best rate of climb (Vy) Best angle of climb (Vx) The control system used primarily to relieve the pilot from having to maintain constant pressure on the flight controls is the Trim Systems The transponder code which indicates an in-flight emergency is 7700 The axis which extends lengthwise thru the fuselage from the nose to tail is longitudinal axis (Math) Factors Numbers we can multiply together to get another number Drag (during climb) requires increase in thrust. Need sufficient thrust to continue climb Large yellow X's painted on the end of the runway indicate the runway is closed combining like terms 2x+4x=6x Order of Operations (PEMDAS) Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction Division Answer quotient Multiply Answer product

Subtraction Answer remainder Addition Answer sum When flaps are extended Drag and lift increase What planet does the moon named Io orbit Jupiter What does the color of a star signifify Surface temperature Which of the planets in our solar system has the most known moons Jupiter What is the deepest ocean? Pacific Ocean Bank makes the airplane roll or turn What percent of the worlds population lives in the united states? 6% The pilot always advances the throttle during a Climb If the control wheel or stick is moved forward Airspeed will increase, Aircraft pitch will change Moving the control wheel or stick to the right will cause the right aileron to rotate forward Empannage (cabin) not considered a major component of an aircraft structure Three types of level turns Shallow 20 degrees, Medium 20-45 degrees, Steep 45+ degrees

Flying by attitude visually establishing airplanes attitude with reference to natural horizon Electrons with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes A very strong acid would have a pH closer to 1 Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

1. multiply by 1.8,
2. add 32 Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius (F - 32) / 1.8 = C An aircraft on a heading of 325 is flying northwest 1 acre 43,560 square feet The chief nutrient in lean meat is protein Carbon has an atomic number of 6. How many protons would the element contain?

Newtons laws of motion 3 One body exerts force on another, 2nd exerts force equal to 1st but in opposite direction Magnus effect Low pressure upward force air density Effects airplanes capability Aileron moves Airplane wing prime number A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself. Rudder moves airplanes nose left and right As altitude increases, in order to maintain the same amount of lift an aircraft must fly faster The most likely reason dinosaurs became extinct was that they failed to adapt a changing environment The elevator controls movement around which axis? lateral, (nose up and down) Under natural conditions, large quantities of organic matter decay, therefore Soils maintain their fertility The pilot of an aircraft can best detect the approach of a stall by the ineffectiveness of ailerons and elevator An eclipse of the sun throws the shadow of the Moon onto the Earth

Forces acting on an aircraft in steady flight condition (no change in speed or flight path) Lift vs Weight (Gravity) and Thrust vs Drag Ammeter Battery Power Steady red light signal from the tower to aircraft approaching land Continue circling magnetic compass Sets gyroscopic heading indicator. 30 degrees appears as 3. What makes an airplane turn The horizontal component of lift produced when the wing is banked. vertical velocity How many feet per minute climbing/diving Turn indicators Like a "level", if ball is uncentered aerodynamic forces are unbalanced. Altimeter an instrument to measure altitude in mean sea level IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) System that electronically indicates friendly or enemy plane What is the name of the negative particle that circles the nucleus? Electrons

When entering a climb from a level flight how does the weight of the aircraft influence the plane? The weight of the aircraft increases drag How does a headwind influence a takeoff? Shorter takeoff distance and increased climb angle The line on an airspeed indicator that warns not to operate above an indicated level is what color? Red Are air flaps a primary flight control? No When in the down or extended position, wing flaps provide increased lift and drag Turbulence is caused by convective air currents, obstructions to wind flow, wind shear A minimally safe airspeed descent is principally used when clearing obstacles during a landing When a flight is identified as "heavy" it means the aircraft has a maximum takeoff weight of 250, What is yaw Left and right motion on the longitudinal axis An important ore of uranium is called pitchblende An aircraft must travel __________ at 10,000ft than at 1,000ft faster What is an advantage of a plane that is known to be inherently stable?

It will be easier to control Blood is returned to the heart via the ___. veins What kind of bird can build a nest which weighs more than a ton Bald Eagle 1 acre= 43,560 sq ft What kind of scientist studies insects? Entomologist What is the standard weight of gasoline in an aircraft? 6lbs gallon In order for a lunar eclipse to take place the earths axis of rotation must point towards the moon empannage Fixed: Vertical and Horizontal stabilizers Movable: Rudder, elevator, trim tabs Aircraft Structure Fuselage, Wings (w/ ailerons & flaps), Empennage (tail), Landing Gear, Power Plant What kind of scientist studies animals? zoologist As the radius of a turn decreases, positive g-forces are increased Mach refers to measurement of speed relative to the speed of sound If the left rudder is pressed then the aircraft will

will turn or yaw A dalton is a unit of measurement used for mass The propeller blades are curved on one side and flat on the other to produce thrust An atom's element type is determined by what? the number of protons in the atom How long does it take light to reach earth from the sun? Approximately 8 minutes At higher altitudes water boils lower temperature How long does it take the earth to rotate 45 degrees? 3 hours A person with high blood pressure should avoid salt When heat is transferred through a solid the process is called conduction Rust is caused by a chemical reaction known as oxidation Lack of iodine is often related to what disease goiter Electrons which move through an electric circuit as current have a negative charge Special lines Indicate altitudes, medians and angle bisections (dashed line you create solving problem) Fire is a form of energy Power plant parts

Engine and propeller Turn Indicator If aileron & rudder movements are coordinated during a turn, the ball remains centered. the type of joint that connects the arm to the should is a ball and socket Surplus red blood cells are stored in what organ spleen What region of the brain influences body temperature, metabolism, etc Hypothalamus Heading Indicator similar to a magnetic compass but uses a gyroscope and is not subject to magnetic deviations. Direction in this indicator is defined by the aircraft's horizontal plane. When the plane doesn't match earth's horizon, a gimbal error exists called a drift Which planet in the solar system has the shortest year? Mercury What does a flashing green air traffic control signal directed to an aircraft on the runway indicate to the pilot? The plane is cleared to taxi Supersonic means faster than the speed of sound What percentage of elements are metals? 75% What is trim? Trim allows the pilot from having to psychically control the plane once it has reached altitude How many meters are in a kilometer? 1000 meters Which planet in our solar system has the longest day? Venus Chloroplast are found in

plant cells H2O is the formula for water Forearm contains what two bones Ulna and Radius What is the most narrow classification of an organism called? Species Which of earth's natural elements has the highest atomic number? Uranium Which way do our planets rotate? Counter Clockwise Which planet in the solar system has the least surface gravity pluto A common name for sodium chloride (NaCi) is? Salt Excluding the three tiny bones in each ear, how many bones are there in a normal adult skeleton? 200 Bones Formula to calculate the area of a rectangle Area = Length x Width Is the tachometer a flight instrument? No What is the thin layer at the front of the eye called? Cornea What is the name of the force that is the opposite of weight or gravity? Lift Force necessary to overcome gravitational force to keep the airplane flying is called? Lift What are similar triangles?

Triangles that are the same shape but not the same size What is an attitude indicator? flight instrument that indicates attitude of airplane (whether banking, pitching, yawing) relative to the horizon equalateral triangle a triangle with 3 congruent (equal) sides Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) indicates whether the airplane is climbing, descending, or in level flight. The rate of climb or descent is indicated in feet per minute. Basic Flight Maneuvers (BFM) Straight, Level turns, Climbs, and descents Polygon A closed figure formed by three or more line segments Where are electrons found in an atom? in orbital layers around the nucleus quadrilateral 4 sided polygon Triangle a three-sided polygon If a pilot is instructed to land on Rwy 27 using a straight approach, the heading should be 270 degrees Concurrent Triangles Triangles which are identical. Hypotenuse the longest side of a right triangle isosceles triangle A triangle that has 2 equal sides. right triangle

A triangle that has a 90 degree angle. obtuse triangle A triangle with one angle that is greater than 90 degrees. scalene triangle A triangle with no equal sides acute triangle A triangle that contains only angles that are less than 90 degrees. The wing is designed to produce lift resulting from Positive (High) air pressure below the wing's surface and negative (Low) air pressure above the wing's surface Flight Instruments Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter, Attitude Indicator, Vertical Velocity Indicator Ailerons are used primarily to Roll the airplane Pitch makes the airplane go nose up or nose down Cloroplast Turns plants green and helps with photosynthesis Decagon 10 sided polygon Paralellogram A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides Which planet has 60 known moons Jupiter hexagon 6 sided polygon What gas makes up 78% of the gasses in the air? Nitrogen Seasons are caused by

the tilt of the earth's axis & the revolution around the sun octagon 8 sided polygon What element has a higher atomic number then uranium but is not naturally occurring? Lanthanum Pentagon 5 sided polygon what is the lightest element known? Hydrogen What is polaris North Star The smallest of the formed elements of the blood are platelets A dalton is a unit of measurement for mass Substances that hasten chemical reactions without themselves undergoing change are called Catalysts It is ordinarily desirable to provide an unusually long flight strip at municipal airports for the take-off of Heavily loaded ships in still air In chemistry what are alpha particles? helium nuclei What ocean averages 4000 meters in depth? The Pacific Ocean How is square volume calculated 1 side cubed (exponents) An adult of average age and size has approximately how many quarts of blood? 6 quarts

Formula for the volume of a cylinder Base x height (find base by area of a circle pi x radius squared , then multiply by height) Airspeed indicator markings differential pressure gauge that determine how fast the aircraft is moving b contrasting the ambient (inside) air pressure with the ram (outside) air pressure using the aircraft's pitot tube and static ports white arc: flap operating speed: the lower limit (VSO) is the stalling speed with the flaps down. The upper limit (VFE) is the max speed at which flaps can be extended. Green arc: displays the aircrafts normal operating range from the lowest limit (VSI) to the highest limit (VNO) or maximum structural cruising speed red radial line represents the never-exceed speed (VNE) Flashing red light from traffic control tower to approaching aircraft indicates what? The airport is unsafe to land on Rectangle Volume Formula length x width x height Altimeter hands Short hand: 10,000's feet, Middle hand: 1,000's feet, Long hand: 100's feet Area of a circle pi x radius squared Area of a triangle A=1/2 base x height Area of a parallelogram base x height Straight and level flight Main maneuver, Constant heading and altitude is maintained, Wing tips even with horizon Pythagoras Theorem a² + b² = c² (for a right angled triangle where hypotenuse (long line) is c)

Then angle formed by the chord of an airfoil and the direction of the relative wind is called Angle of attack If the aircraft ammeter is indicating a minus value, this means the generator or alternator output is inadequate Airport taxiways are identified at night by omni directional edge lights in what color Blue Radius 1/2 the diameter 1/4 diameter Resistance is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons and is measured in Ohms circumferance of a circle pi x diameter perimeter the sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon diameter of a circle Radius x 2 A herpetologist studies what kind of animal Reptiles Animals that eat plants and other animals are omnivores How many legs do arachnids have? 8 legs Secondary Flight Controls Flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers and trim devices Trapezoid A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides

Rhombus a parallelogram with 4 congruent sides The rearward retarding force of airplane drag is opposed by thrust Over run is marked on an airfield diagram with arrows (>>>) A closed runway is marked on an airfield diagram with an x Level Turns All 4 primary controls used (ailerons, elevator, throttle & rudder) Paleontologist A scientist who studies fossils rudder A controlling surface on an aircraft's tail that regulates yaw. Yaw A side-to-side motion of the nose of the aircraft controlled by the rudder Roll or Bank rotation of the aircraft controlled by the ailerons Pitch nose and tail up and down elevators The air moving over the wing moves faster then the air moving under the wing when

creating lift tachometer measuring instrument for indicating the engines rpms Flaps are generally used when: During take off and landings If one end of a runway was numbered 09, what number would designate the other end of the same runway? 27 Depressing the left rudder pedal would move the tail of the aircraft in what direction? To the right A flashing green air traffic control signal directed to an aircraft on the surface is a signal that the pilot can do what? Taxi down the runway Larger air craft tend to to need a long or shorter runway? Longer An aircraft on a heading of 300 degrees is heading in what direction? northwest The Antoine equation is used to do what? Estimate the vapor pressures of pure liquids or solids The pilot of an aircraft can best detect the approach of a stall based on what? The ineffectiveness of the ailerons and elevator Flaps do what? increase lift and drag Compass headings by direction North is 360, east is 90, south is 180, west is 270 Inverse operations Subtraction & division What causes stars to twinkle? turbulent air

The Baume scale is used to measure what? Specific gravity What direction falls between 270 and 360 degrees? Northwest In the international system of units what is a measurement of mass? Kilograms what is the negative particle that circles the nucleus of the atom? Electron For runway 23L, what does the L indicate L stands for the left-hand runway at airports with two runways aligned in the same direction Compounds that include fat and oils in food the human body are called what? Lipids What is the energy generated from the earths internal heat called? Geothermal how long does it take the earth to rotate 45 degrees? 3 Hours Radium is stored in lead containers because the lead absorbs the harmful radiation What will happen if you add salt to water and try to freeze it? Freezing point depression will occur (solution will require a lower temperature to become ice) During a new drug test group A is given the drug and group B is given a sugar pill, what is group B called? An experimental control On the ground, an aircraft is steered by pushing the rudder peddles