Airway Management: Fisdap Exam (Breathe) Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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Airway Fisdap Exam (Breathe) Examination

2024 /2025 Edition.

Breathe adequately - Correct Ans: ✔✔The primary component of caring for patients is ensuring that they can Breathing and circulation - Correct Ans: ✔✔Oxygen reaches body tissues and cells through _____ and _____. Nose, mouth, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx - Correct Ans: ✔✔Upper airway Warm, filter, and humidify air - Correct Ans: ✔✔Function of upper airway Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx - Correct Ans: ✔✔Components of the pharynx Muscular tube extending from the nose and mouth to the level of the esophagus and trachea - Correct Ans: ✔✔Pharynx Filters out dust and small particles Warms and humidifies air - Correct Ans: ✔✔Nasopharynx functions

Prevents food and liquid from entering the larynx during swallowing - Correct Ans: ✔✔Epiglottis function Superior - Correct Ans: ✔✔The epiglottis is _____ to the larynx Marks where the upper airway ends and the lower airway begins; also called the voicebox - Correct Ans: ✔✔Larynx Area between the vocal cords; narrowest portion of adult airway - Correct Ans: ✔✔Glottis Produce speech Protects the trachea from the entry of substances like water and vomitus - Correct Ans: ✔✔Vocal Cord functions Trachea Lungs Bronchi - Correct Ans: ✔✔Lower airway Deliver oxygen to the alveoli - Correct Ans: ✔✔Function of lower airway

Tiny air sacks of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange - Correct Ans: ✔✔Alveoli Conduit for air entry into the lungs - Correct Ans: ✔✔Trachea function Distribute oxygen to the lungs - Correct Ans: ✔✔Bronchi function Carina - Correct Ans: ✔✔The trachea divides at the _____. Alveoli - Correct Ans: ✔✔Smaller bronchioles connect to _____. Oxygen in pulmonary capillaries is transported back to the heart and distributed to the rest of the body. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli, where it is exhaled and removed from the body. - Correct Ans: ✔✔Alveoli function Vena cava and aorta - Correct Ans: ✔✔Great vessels The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs - Correct Ans: ✔✔Ventilation

The process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream - Correct Ans: ✔✔Oxygenation The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body - Correct Ans: ✔✔Respiration Inhalation Exhalation - Correct Ans: ✔✔Components of ventilation The amount of gas in the air or dissolved fluid - Correct Ans: ✔✔Partial pressure 104 mmHg - Correct Ans: ✔✔Partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli 40 mmHg - Correct Ans: ✔✔Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveoli Measure of depth of breathing - Correct Ans: ✔✔Tidal volume 500 mL - Correct Ans: ✔✔Tidal volume for an adult Portion of inspired air that fails to reach alveoli - Correct Ans: ✔✔Dead space

The tissues and cells do not get enough oxygen - Correct Ans: ✔✔Hypoxia Seen in patients with end-stage COPD - Correct Ans: ✔✔Hypoxic drive Brings fresh air into respiratory system. - Correct Ans: ✔✔External respiration (pulmonary respiration) Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between systemic circulatory system and cells - Correct Ans: ✔✔Internal respiration Monitor levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and pH. Provide feedback to respiratory centers. - Correct Ans: ✔✔Chemoreceptor function Medulla - Correct Ans: ✔✔Chemoreceptors stimulate the _____ to increase respiratory rate. Failure to match ventilation and profusion - Correct Ans: ✔✔The cause of most abnormalities of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Low oxygenation in the blood - Correct Ans: ✔✔Hypoxemia

Infections Allergic reactions Tongue obstruction Trauma - Correct Ans: ✔✔Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation Atmospheric pressure Partial pressure of oxygen Pneumonia Pulmonary edema COPD/emphysema - Correct Ans: ✔✔Factors affecting respiration Simple or tension pneumothorax Open pneumothorax Hemothorax Hemopneumothorax - Correct Ans: ✔✔Factors affecting circulation 12 - 20 breaths/minute - Correct Ans: ✔✔Normal respiratory rate adult Breathing after the heart has stopped - Correct Ans: ✔✔Agonal gasps

Seen in patients with stroke or head injury - Correct Ans: ✔✔Cheyne- Stokes respirations Irregular or unidentifiable pattern. May follow serious head injuries. - Correct Ans: ✔✔Ataxic respirations Deep, rapid respirations Common in metabolic acidosis - Correct Ans: ✔✔Kussmaul respirations Airway management Supplemental oxygen Ventilatory support - Correct Ans: ✔✔Steps of Emergency Airway medical care 94% or greater - Correct Ans: ✔✔Normal oxygen saturation Measurement of maximal carbon dioxide at the end of an exhaled breath - Correct Ans: ✔✔End-tidal carbon dioxide Hyperventilation - Correct Ans: ✔✔Low carbon dioxide level Ventilatory inadequacy

Apnea - Correct Ans: ✔✔High carbon dioxide level 35 - 45 mmHg - Correct Ans: ✔✔Normal end-tidal carbon dioxide level Capnometry and capnography devices - Correct Ans: ✔✔Devices used to measure end-tidal carbon dioxide The tongue - Correct Ans: ✔✔The most common airway obstruction Use for patients who are not suspected of having sustained spinal trauma - Correct Ans: ✔✔Head tilt chin lift Use for patients who are suspected of having a sustained spinal injury - Correct Ans: ✔✔Jaw-thrust maneuver 300 mmHg - Correct Ans: ✔✔The suctioning unit should have a vacuum pressure of more than _____ 15 seconds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Adult suctioning 10 seconds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Pediatric suctioning

5 seconds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Infant suctioning Intact gag reflex - Correct Ans: ✔✔Contraindication of an oropharyngeal airway Intact gag reflex - Correct Ans: ✔✔Use a nasopharyngeal airway for patients who have a ______ Severe head injury/blood in nose - Correct Ans: ✔✔Contraindication of a nasopharyngeal airway Hypoxic - Correct Ans: ✔✔Always give oxygen to patients who are _____. 40 - 70 psi - Correct Ans: ✔✔Therapeutic oxygen pressure range Excessive oxygen levels in the blood - Correct Ans: ✔✔Oxygen toxicity Tracheostomy hole - Correct Ans: ✔✔Stoma Altered mental status Inadequate minute volume

Excessive accessory muscle use and fatigue - Correct Ans: ✔✔Signs of inadequate ventilation Explain the procedure to the patient. Place mask over the nose and mouth. Squeeze the bag each time patient breathes. After the initial 5 to 10 breaths, deliver an appropriate tidal volume. Maintain an adequate minute volume - Correct Ans: ✔✔Bag mask device steps Occurs when artificial ventilation fills stomach with air - Correct Ans: ✔✔Gastric distention 1 breath per 6 seconds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Adult ventilation rate 1 breath per 2-3 seconds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Child ventilation rate 1 breath per 2-3 seconds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Infant ventilation rate Manually triggered device attached to a control box - Correct Ans: ✔✔Automatic transport ventilator (ATV)

Noninvasive ventilatory support for respiratory distress - Correct Ans: ✔✔Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Increases pressure in the lungs Opens collapsed alveoli Pushes more oxygen across alveolar membrane Forces interstitial fluid back into the pulmonary circulation - Correct Ans: ✔✔Mechanism of CPAP CPAP Indications - Correct Ans: ✔✔Patient is alert and able to follow commands. Obvious signs of respiratory distress from an underlying disease or after submersion Rapid breathing (more than 26 breaths/min) that affects overall minute volume Pulse oximetry of less than 90% Noisy breathing, wheezing, coughing - Correct Ans: ✔✔Mild airway obstruction Patient cannot breathe, talk, or cough - Correct Ans: ✔✔Severe airway obstruction

Abdominal thrusts - Correct Ans: ✔✔Most effective method of dislodging and forcing an object out Control bleeding with direct pressure first - Correct Ans: ✔✔When a patient has severe facial bleeding, _____. Preoxygenation Equipment setup Performing the procedure "BE MAGIC" - Correct Ans: ✔✔Assisting with ALS airway procedures The volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minute, minus the dead space; calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate - Correct Ans: ✔✔Alveolar minute volume The volume of air that reaches the alveoli. Calculated by subtracting the amount of dead space air from tidal volume - Correct Ans: ✔✔Alveolar ventilation Absence of spontaneous breathing - Correct Ans: ✔✔Apnea The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not participate in gas exchange - Correct Ans: ✔✔Dead space

Increased carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream - Correct Ans: ✔✔Hypercarbia Forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity, which is bordered superiorly by the hard and soft palates, laterally by cheeks, and inferiorly by the tongue. - Correct Ans: ✔✔Oropharynx Open, clear of obstruction - Correct Ans: ✔✔Patent Air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall - Correct Ans: ✔✔Pneumothorax The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration - Correct Ans: ✔✔Residual Volume A high pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration - Correct Ans: ✔✔Stridor Thin membrane that covers the lungs - Correct Ans: ✔✔Visceral pleura The production of whistling sounds during expiration as occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis - Correct Ans: ✔✔Wheezing

0 - 1 minute - Correct Ans: ✔✔Cardiac irritability 0 - 4 minutes - Correct Ans: ✔✔Brain damage not likely 4 - 6 minutes - Correct Ans: ✔✔Brain damage possible 6 - 10 minutes - Correct Ans: ✔✔Brain damage likely 10 minutes or greater - Correct Ans: ✔✔Irreversible brain damage 15 - 30 breaths/minute - Correct Ans: ✔✔Normal respiratory rate children 25 - 50 breaths/minute - Correct Ans: ✔✔Normal respiratory rate infant Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood vessels. - Correct Ans: ✔✔Alpha receptors Portions of the nervous system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial dilation - Correct Ans: ✔✔Beta receptors

Shortness of breath - Correct Ans: ✔✔Dyspnea Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal - Correct Ans: ✔✔Hyperventilation Rhonchi, crackles, wheezing, stridor - Correct Ans: ✔✔Lung sounds associated with various illnesses High pitched breath sound Wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of fluid in smaller airways - Correct Ans: ✔✔Crackles Low pitched breath sound - Correct Ans: ✔✔Rhonchi Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs - Correct Ans: ✔✔COPD Condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body - Correct Ans: ✔✔CHF (Congestive heart failure) A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot. - Correct Ans: ✔✔PE (Pulmonary embolism)

Inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tubes - Correct Ans: ✔✔Bronchitis Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from the lungs - Correct Ans: ✔✔Pulmonary edema A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness - Correct Ans: ✔✔Emphysema Lower airway obstruction sounds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Wheezing Upper airway obstruction sounds - Correct Ans: ✔✔Stridor 350 mL - Correct Ans: ✔✔The normal amount of air that reaches the alveoli in an adult Hypovolemiai Severe peripheral vasoconstriction (chronic hypoxia, smoking, or hypothermia) Time delay in detecting respiratory insufficiency Dark or metallic nail polish

Dirty fingers Carbon monoxide poisoning Cold temperature - Correct Ans: ✔✔Factors that can lead to inaccurate pulse oximetry readings Partial rebreather mask - Correct Ans: ✔✔Use a _______ when a patient is hyperventilating Long-term management of physiologically stable patients - Correct Ans: ✔✔Venturi masks are useful in _____