Airway Management: FISDAP Questions and Answers, Exams of Biology

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Airway Management: FISDAP

Questions and Answers

Airway FISDAP Questions & Answers

1. Which patient would be classified as 'immediate' during

an MCI?

An 8-year-old female with no respirations after 5 positive pressure ventilations would be classified as 'immediate' during a Mass Casualty Incident (MCI).

2. A 13-year-old female watching a horror movie states she

can't catch her breath and her fingers are numb.

Respirations are 30 and deep with SpO2 of 100%. She is

speaking in clear sentences, has clear and equal breath

sounds. What should you do?

You should calmly reassure her, encouraging her to calmly slow her rate of breathing. This patient is experiencing a panic attack and does not require immediate medical intervention.

3. You have inserted an OPA for a 21-year-old apneic male.

How many times per minute should you ventilate him with

a BVM?

You should ventilate the patient 10 to 12 times per minute with a bag-valve mask (BVM).

4. Proper technique to suction a patient's airway includes

what?

Proper technique includes oxygenating and ventilating the patient before and after suctioning.

5. When ventilating a patient with a BVM, what is the

appropriate oxygen flow rate?

The appropriate oxygen flow rate when ventilating a patient with a BVM is 15 liters per minute.

6. An obese man complains of severe difficulty breathing.

His skin is cool and moist, and he is breathing 22 times per

minute. He indicates he never goes to the doctor and often

feels dizzy after walking. What should you do?

You should apply a non-rebreather mask at 10 liters per minute. This patient is likely experiencing respiratory distress and requires supplemental oxygen.

7. A 42-year-old asthmatic patient complains of chest pain,

shortness of breath, and a violent cough that produces

brownish sputum. What is the most likely cause?

The most likely cause is pneumonia. Asthmatic patients are more susceptible to developing pneumonia, which can present with these symptoms.

8. An 89-year-old patient complains of difficulty breathing

and a productive cough that has gotten worse over the past

12 hours. What should you suspect?

You should suspect pneumonia. Elderly patients are at higher risk for developing pneumonia, especially with a productive cough and worsening respiratory symptoms.

9. As the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, the

chest cavity:

Decreases in size, causing exhalation.

10. During the initial assessment of an adult's respiratory

status, you should:

Evaluate both the respiratory rate and the rise and fall of the chest.

11. In which group of patients are you likely to encounter

'see-saw' breathing?

You are likely to encounter 'see-saw' breathing in pediatric patients.

12. Which sequence correctly traces the path oxygen takes

from the atmosphere to the lungs?

The correct sequence is: Mouth, Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli.

13. A 16-year-old asthmatic female in a tripod position

complains of increased shortness of breath. SpO2 is 79%.

What should you administer?

You should administer oxygen at 10 liters per minute via a non-rebreather mask. This patient is in respiratory distress and requires high-flow supplemental oxygen.

14. A 34-year-old man is saying he is choking. You note

stridor and hoarseness in his voice. What should you do?

You should encourage the patient to cough. Stridor and hoarseness indicate an upper airway obstruction, and coughing may help clear the obstruction.

15. An unresponsive trauma patient is gurgling. When you

suction the oropharynx with a rigid catheter, the patient

gags. What should you do?

You should assess the insertion depth of the catheter. Gagging indicates the catheter may be inserted too deeply, potentially causing further airway irritation.

16. A thin 54-year-old male with a nonproductive cough

complains of difficulty breathing. Sitting upright with

hands on his knees, you see retractions. You notice oxygen

tubing around the house. What should you suspect

regarding his medical history?

You should suspect the patient has a history of chronic bronchitis. The nonproductive cough, retractions, and use of supplemental oxygen are all signs of chronic respiratory disease, likely chronic bronchitis.

17. A semiconscious patient's dentures are completely

loosened. What should you do?

You should remove the dentures. Loose dentures in a semiconscious patient can obstruct the airway and should be removed.

18. Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange at the alveolar

level by which process?

Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange at the alveolar level by the process of diffusion.

19. A 20-year-old female is unable to catch her breath after

a minor car crash, with numbness and tingling to her

hands and face. Vitals are P 118, R 24. What should you

do?

You should provide high-flow oxygen with a non-rebreather mask. This patient is experiencing respiratory distress and requires supplemental oxygen.

20. Which term best describes respiratory difficulty?

The term that best describes respiratory difficulty is dyspnea.

21. What is the amount of air that normally reaches the

alveoli in an adult?

The average adult ventilation is 500 mL, but there is an area of dead space that traps 150 mL of air. Therefore, 350 mL of air effectively reaches the alveoli for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.

22. A 77-year-old female has dyspnea, speaks in short word

bursts, and breathes with pursed lips. Lung sounds are

diminished, distant, and clear. Vital signs are BP 152/90, P

86 and irregular, R 23. What is the likely diagnosis?

The likely diagnosis is emphysema. Emphysema is a chronic destructive process of the alveoli, leading to scar tissue that inhibits gas exchange. The patient's pursed lip breathing is an attempt to keep the alveoli open, as without the extra effort, the alveoli would collapse due to increased surface tension.

23. An 18-year-old male is cyanotic and complains of sharp

chest pain and difficulty breathing after lifting weights.

Vital signs are BP 110/66, P 88, R 22. What is the most

likely cause?

The most likely cause is a spontaneous pneumothorax. Strenuous activities can, on occasion, cause a collapsed lung (spontaneous pneumothorax). With stable vital signs, a spontaneous pneumothorax is the most likely diagnosis.

24. An unresponsive 43-year-old male is cool, pale,

diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. Which device

should you use to administer oxygen?

You should use a bag-valve mask to administer oxygen. The patient is unresponsive and breathing too slowly, which is a "sick" patient. Assisting his ventilations with a bag-valve mask should be the first intervention.

25. A 42-year-old male complains of shortness of breath

after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns

to his face, neck, and upper chest. Vital signs are BP

112/66, P 124, R 28 shallow and labored. What should you

do?

You should assist his ventilations. The patient is in respiratory failure, with shallow and labored respirations that do not allow for adequate oxygen exchange. Assisting his breathing with positive pressure ventilations will help reduce any pulmonary edema from the lower airway burns.

26. What are the structures that branch off the trachea

into the lower airway?

The structures that branch off the trachea into the lower airway are the bronchi.

27. What is the term for high-pitched whistling sounds

heard during expiration?

The term for high-pitched whistling sounds heard during expiration is wheezing. Wheezing suggests a lower airway obstruction or constriction, as the air is passively leaving the constricted bronchioles.

28. The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are

signs of what type of breathing?

The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of labored breathing. These are indicators of respiratory distress or failure, as the body is making an increased effort to draw in more air with each breath.

29. What is the term for abnormal breath sounds that

result from an obstructed airway?

The term for abnormal breath sounds that result from an obstructed airway is stridor. Stridor is an upper airway obstruction caused by tissue swelling around the trachea, larynx, or epiglottis during inspiration.

30. A 53-year-old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to

arouse, and breathing 8 times per minute. What should you

suspect?

You should suspect respiratory failure. An adult respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute is too slow for adequate gas exchange, and the patient's sleepiness and difficulty to arouse indicate respiratory failure.

31. An alert 32-year-old female complains of difficulty

breathing. She speaks in 2-3 word sentences and has an

oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do?

You should apply high-flow oxygen. The patient is alert and her respirations are still effective, so applying high-flow oxygen should be the first treatment.

32. A 56-year-old female has a complete airway obstruction

from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you

assess her. What should you do?

When a patient has a completely obstructed airway and becomes unconscious, the first thing you should do is start chest compressions.

33. A male complains of mild respiratory distress. He

smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent

cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds

reveal bilateral rhonchi. What should you suspect?

You should suspect chronic bronchitis. The patient's history of heavy smoking, consistent cough, and frequent respiratory infections, along with the presence of bilateral rhonchi (sounds like snoring), suggest chronic bronchitis.

34. A febrile 44-year-old male complains of shortness of

breath and has dull chest pain. He has been coughing up

'rusty' sputum for the last three days. What is the most

likely cause?

The most likely cause is pneumonia. The patient's fever, shortness of breath, dull chest pain, and coughing up 'rusty' sputum (a sign of lower airway infection) are all indicative of pneumonia.

35. A 75-year-old female complains of a sudden onset of

right-sided chest pain and dyspnea. She is recovering from

a recent hip surgery. What should you expect?

You should expect a pulmonary embolism. The patient's recent hip surgery and immobilization put her at risk for developing a blood clot in the lower extremity, which can then travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism.

36. How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway?

The first step is to face the bevel towards the septum. Apply a water-soluble lubricant, but do not use an oil-based lubricant.

37. What is the name of the hollow, semi-flexible tube that

carries inhaled air from the larynx to the lungs?

The name of this structure is the trachea.

38. What is the most common location for an airway

obstruction?

The most common location for an airway obstruction is the pharynx. This passage is shared by both the air and food, making it a common site for partial or complete obstruction.

39. What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal

cords?

The larynx contains the vocal cords.

40. What is directly posterior to the nose?

Directly posterior to the nose is the nasopharynx.

41. What ring-shaped structure forms the lower portion of

the larynx?

The cricoid cartilage forms the ring-shaped structure that makes up the lower portion of the larynx.

42. Where is Sellick's Maneuver applied?

Sellick's Maneuver, also called cricoid pressure, is applied to the cricoid cartilage.

43. What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation?

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts in a downward motion, drawing air into the lungs.

44. What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the

trachea at which the right and left lungs split?

The cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split is called the carina.

45. What is the name of the passageway located directly

posterior to the nose?

The passageway located directly posterior to the nose is the oropharynx.

46. How many lobes are in the lungs?

There are 5 lobes in the lungs - 3 on the right and 2 on the left.

47. What is the name of the passageway shared by the

digestive tract and the respiratory systems for air and

food?

The passageway shared by the digestive tract and the respiratory systems for air and food is the pharynx, also known as the throat.

Airway Management and Respiratory

Conditions

Airway Obstruction and Respiratory Distress

48.56-year-old female struggling to breathe with wheezing: Check the airway for foreign body obstructions.

Unresponsive 16-year-old male with snoring respirations after diving in a pond and nearly drowning: Perform chest compressions.

Indication of an upper airway obstruction: Stridor.

Sound of a lower airway obstruction: Wheezing.

Adult breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute: Ventilate the patient via bag-valve mask.

Prescribed inhalers for patients with obstructive pulmonary disease: Activate beta-2 receptors.

50-year-old not breathing with a faint pulse: Provide bag-valve mask ventilation.

Before assisting a COPD patient in self-administering an inhaler: Shake the inhaler vigorously.

Ventilation rate for an apneic patient with a pulse: 5-6 breaths per minute.

14-year-old female with coarse rhonchi: Mucous secretions are the most likely cause.

64-year-old with a complete laryngectomy in respiratory arrest: Suction the stoma completely.

Ventilating a patient with a bag-valve mask device: Use two rescuers whenever possible.

28-year-old with dyspnea and wheezing: Request an albuterol inhaler from medical control.

20-year-old with sudden onset shortness of breath, breathing at 24 times per minute, and pulse oximetry of 85%: Administer oxygen via a non-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute.

34-year-old choking with stridor and hoarseness: Encourage the patient to cough.

Condition considered an upper airway obstruction: Epiglottitis.

18-year-old with shortness of breath, heart rate of 104, respiratory rate of 22, and SpO2 of 91%: Administer oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.

Condition most likely to cause decreased compliance while ventilating via bag-valve mask: Tension pneumothorax.

Respiratory Infections and Diseases

Febrile 2-year-old male in respiratory distress with crackles in the lower left lung field: Suspect pneumonia.

Sign of a lower respiratory tract problem: Expiratory wheezes and a long expiration.

64-year-old male with dyspnea and coughing up blood-tinged sputum: Suspect tuberculosis.

Indication that the patient is suffering from congestive heart failure rather than pneumonia: Feeling like they are drowning when they sleep.

Most appropriate device for suctioning blood, fluid, and mucus from the oropharynx: A rigid-tip suction catheter.

Reason for assessing the radial and carotid pulse simultaneously: To confirm a cardiac rhythm problem.

Sudden onset of shortness of breath, crackles, hypertension, and jugular distension: Suspect acute pulmonary edema.

73-year-old male with dyspnea, jugular vein distension, and dependent edema: Suspect congestive heart failure.

19-year-old female choking after eating a hot dog, coughing and drooling: Perform abdominal thrusts.

65-year-old male with trouble breathing, moderate overweight, coughing up yellowish phlegm, and a history of smoking: Chronic bronchitis.

Sudden onset of difficult breathing and diminished breath sounds: Suspect a pneumothorax.

Semi-conscious 34-year-old male gagging after insertion of an oropharyngeal airway: Insert a nasopharyngeal airway.

18-year-old febrile patient with malaise, taking an oral antibiotic for an upper respiratory infection, with rhonchi: Bronchitis.

Assessment finding that should cause suspicion of a history of COPD: Barrel-shaped chest.

75-year-old male with difficulty breathing, bilateral wheezes, and a history of heavy smoking: Emphysema.

16-year-old asthmatic female in tripod position with increased shortness of breath and SpO2 of 79%: Administer oxygen at 10 liters per minute via a non-rebreather mask.

During a long transport while administering oxygen: Consider using a humidified oxygen system.

45-year-old female with clear lung sounds but becoming cyanotic on the lips: Deliver oxygen via a non-rebreather mask at 15 liters per minute.