AMCA Study Guide Latest, Exams of Nursing

Download AMCA Study Guide Latest and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

AMCA Study Guide Latest

Updated 2024

ventral - ANSWER-front part of body dorsal - ANSWER-back part of body anterior - ANSWER-in front of posterior - ANSWER-toward the back of the body medial - ANSWER-towards the mid-line of the body lateral - ANSWER-towards the side of the body proximal - ANSWER-closest to the point of origin distal - ANSWER-away from the point of orgin frontal plane - ANSWER-divides the body into front and back portions transverse plane - ANSWER-divides the body into upper and lower portions fowlers position - ANSWER-the patient is lying on their back on the bed. it is considered the most comfortable position. Place the head of the bed at a 45 to 60 degree angle prone position - ANSWER-used to examine spine. patient lies on abdomen with head turned to one side for comfort. sims position - ANSWER-usually used for rectal examination, treatments and enemas. It is performed by having a patient lie on their left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent trendelenburg position - ANSWER-the patient is flat on a surface inclined 45 degrees, head at the lower end and legs flexed over the upper end dorsal recumbent position - ANSWER-Patient is on his back with knees flexed and soles of feet flat on the bed. buccal administration - ANSWER-administered between the cheeks and gum sublingual administration - ANSWER-placed under the tongue until the drug dissolves transdermal - ANSWER-administered through patch form

intradermal route - ANSWER-placed between the upper layers of the skin subcutaneous - ANSWER-drug is injected into the subcutaneous layer of the skin intramuscular - ANSWER-drug is injected into the muscle anesthetic - ANSWER-prevents sensation of pain. lidocaine antibiotic - ANSWER-kills bacterial microorganism- amoxil, ciproflaxin, zithromax anticoagulant - ANSWER-prevents blood from clotting- heparin sodium, warfarin sodium, lovenox vasoconstrictor - ANSWER-constricts blood vessels, increases blood pressure incident - ANSWER-an event that does not normally occur within the regular health care facility

1. accidents
2. thefts that happen on hospital property
3. errors of omissiom of patient treatment or errors in administration of patient treatment 4)exposure to blood and body fluid, as may be caused by a need stick - ANSWER- incidents that require written reports R.A.C.E. - ANSWER-*rescue individuals in danger *alarm *confine the fire by closing all doors and windows *extinguish the fire with the nearest suitable fire extinguisher hazardous substance - ANSWER-any chemical in the work place that can cause harm hepatitis B - ANSWER-caused by inflammation of the liver AIDS - ANSWER-caused by a virus called human immunodeficiency virus tuberculosis - ANSWER-caused by a myocabacterium tuberculosis, an airborne pathogen. Must wear personal protective equipment such as a fitted mask PPE - ANSWER-personal protective equitment nosocomial infection - ANSWER-any infection that occurs during a patients stay at a health care facility hand washing - ANSWER-most important means of preventing spread of infection.

barrier protection - ANSWER-protective clothing provides a barrier against infection

1. mask
2. googles 3.face shields
3. respirator - ANSWER-PPE agents - ANSWER-infectious microorganisms that can be classified into groups: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites method of transfer - ANSWER-1. contact 2. droplet
4. airborne
5. common vehicle 5.vectorborne standard precautions - ANSWER-a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non- intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes. transmission based precautions - ANSWER-used when a patient is suspected of being infected with a contagious disease contact precautions - ANSWER-used for infections, diseases, or germs that are spread by touching the patient or items in the room acute pain - ANSWER-lessens with treatment chronic pain - ANSWER-last longer, possibly a lifetime physical pain - ANSWER-can range from chest pain to a severe stomach ache psychological pain - ANSWER-can be terror, fear, or grief. can lead to depression, ptsd phantom pain - ANSWER-this pain occurs after an amputation. pain thats not really there triage - ANSWER-sorting and setting priorities for treatment for patients who are on the phone or at the reception desk axillary temp - ANSWER-temp is measured in armpit. 96.6-98.6 degrees tympanic member - ANSWER-temp measured in the ear. 98.6 degrees oral - ANSWER-temp measured in mouth. 97.6- 99.6 degrees rectal - ANSWER-temp measured in butt. 98.6-100.6 degrees

which temperature method is most accurate - ANSWER-rectal least accurate way to measure temp - ANSWER-axillary temp useful way to measure temp for children or confused patients - ANSWER- tympanic temp most common place to take pulse - ANSWER-radial artery. found on the same side as the thumb apical pulse - ANSWER-more accurate measurement of heart rate. taken over the apex of the heart by stethoscope. used for patients with irregular heart beat and small children lavender tube - ANSWER-test cbc. prevents coagulation green tube - ANSWER-used for chemistry testing. prevents coagulation red tube - ANSWER-used for chemistry testing. encourages clotting pericardium - ANSWER-the layer or sac that surrounds the heart myocardium - ANSWER-the middle layer of the heart endocardium - ANSWER-the innermost layer of the heart epicardium - ANSWER-the top layer of the heart myocardial infraction - ANSWER-heart attack arrythmia - ANSWER-any disorder of your heart rate or rhythm myocardial ischemia - ANSWER-a condition caused by lack of oxygen rich blood in the heart sclerosed veins - ANSWER-damaged veins and are not suitable for venipuncture capillaries - ANSWER-are the smallest of blood vessels. form a network between the arterioles and venules. parts of a multi sample needle - ANSWER-1. bevel 2. sgaft

3. threaded hub
4. rubber sleeve over needle

parts of a syringe - ANSWER-1. bevel 2. shaft

3. hub
4. graduated barrel
5. plunger basal state - ANSWER-resting state of the body, usually in the early morning after fasting for 12 hours arteriovenous shunt or fistual - ANSWER-permanent surgical fusion of an artery and vein that is typically created to provide access for dialysis PP - ANSWER-means after meal. glucose test are collected 2 hours after patient eats meal GTT - ANSWER-glucose tolerance test BT - ANSWER-blood timing test ABG - ANSWER-most common site is radial artery use modified allen test to see if patient has adequate circulation CSF - ANSWER-mostly obtained through a lumbar puncture and looks for cell counts, chloride, glucose, and total protein when should you use a AED - ANSWER-as soon as possible neutrophils - ANSWER-most common white blood cells. defends the body against infectious diseases leukocytes - ANSWER-white blood cells lymphocytes - ANSWER-second most common white blood cell. provide a boost to immune defense of the body monocytes - ANSWER-largest cells in normal blood. cells provide support in cell meditated immunity esonophil - ANSWER-function in allergic or inflammatory response basophils - ANSWER-the least numerous white blood cells. provide aid to allergic reactions platelets - ANSWER-helps with clotting. also known as thrombocytes

coagualtion - ANSWER-the last step of homostasis, the process by which the flow of blood stops anticoagualtion - ANSWER-prevents blood from clotting- heparin sodium diuretic - ANSWER-reduces blood pressure, increases urine output synergist - ANSWER-two drugs working together antagonist - ANSWER-one drug decreases the effects of another adverse effects - ANSWER-undesirable effects of a particular drug aha chain of survival - ANSWER-1. early access to cpr 2. early cpr

3. early defibrillation 4. advance care infection - ANSWER-a major threat and health hazard in all our health care facilities the primary goal of an infection control program is - ANSWER-to prevent the spread of infection in a health care facility portal of exit - ANSWER-the method by which an infectious agent leaves its reservoir portal of entry - ANSWER-an opening allowing the microorganism to enter the host the standard precautions are - ANSWER-*consider everyone as potentially infectious and susceptible to infection *wash hands *wear gloves susceptible host - ANSWER-a person who cant resist a microorganism invading the body sanitation - ANSWER-the scrubbing of instruments with special brushes and detergent to remove blood, mucous disenfection - ANSWER-the process that destroys pathogenic micro-organisms sterilization - ANSWER-the process that destroys all microbial forms of life medical asepsis - ANSWER-the practice to remove or destroy pathogens and to prevent pathogens from spreading from one person to another surgical asepsis - ANSWER-the practice that keeps items free of all microbes

febrile - ANSWER-presence of fever afebrile - ANSWER-absence of fever fever - ANSWER-elevated body temperature above normal range intermittent - ANSWER-fluctuating fever that returns to or below baseline then rises again remittent - ANSWER-fluctuating fever that remains elevated; it does not return to baseline temperature continous - ANSWER-a fever that remains above the baseline; it does not fluctuate questions to ask when making a pain assessment - ANSWER-*when did the pain start? *where is the pain *how often do you feel the pain *does anything you do lessen the pain *describe the pain self insure - ANSWER-employers pay directly for employees medical bills medicare - ANSWER-a government program that provides insurance for persons over 65 medicaid - ANSWER-insurance for low income people tricare - ANSWER-insurance for active duty and retired service personnel and their families champva - ANSWER-insurance for veterans with service related problems workers compensation - ANSWER-provides coverage for employees for job related illness or injuries sliding free scale - ANSWER-when offices charge fees based on patients financial ability to pay the person who owns the insurance policy - ANSWER- member/subscriber/insured/policyholder dependents - ANSWER-family members covered by the insurance plan premium - ANSWER-the policyholder contributes to his or her policy by paying a set amount of money

fee schedule - ANSWER-physician list their charge for each service they provide PHI - ANSWER-protected health information. information that is private unless the patient allows others to see PPO - ANSWER-preferred provider organization. patient pays an annual premium and often deductible HMO - ANSWER-health maintenance organization. licensed by the state. stringent guidelines and a narrow choice of providers POS - ANSWER-point of service plan. is a combination of an hmo and ppo No ROM - ANSWER-most synarthroses are immovable joints held together by fibrous tissue limited ROM - ANSWER-joint that has a reduction in its ability to move. full ROM - ANSWER-The full movement potential of a joint synovial joints - ANSWER-free moving joints are surrounded by joint capsules bursae - ANSWER-a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint. extension - ANSWER-to increase the angle of a joint flexion - ANSWER-to decrease the angle of a joint abduction - ANSWER-movement away from the midline adduction - ANSWER-movement towards the midline supination - ANSWER-turning the palm or foot upward pronation - ANSWER-turning the palm or foot downward dorsiflecxion - ANSWER-raising the foot, pulling the toes toward the shin normal anatomic position - ANSWER-standing with the arms lank and palms forward living will - ANSWER-a written statement detailing a person's desires regarding their medical treatment in circumstances in which they are no longer able to express informed consent, especially an advance directive.

The six C's of charting - ANSWER-client's words, clarity, completeness, conciseness, chronological order and confidentiality. An RN asks you to start an IV - ANSWER-Assistive personnel do not start IV's Accounts receivable is: - ANSWER-A record of all monies due to the practice Upon receiving cash in the doctor's office, what is the best way you should get it to the bank? - ANSWER-Take it to the bank in person What is the best way to prepare a patient for surgery? - ANSWER-Send the patient home with written instructions on what to do Patient safety is protected by ensuring: - ANSWER-You are administering the right drug to the right person Which item below could be a multiple-dose dispenser? - ANSWER-Vial What information is required on a laboratory requisition form? - ANSWER- Birth date and gender of patient Medical assistants frequently work with referral laboratory customer service personnel to: - ANSWER-Answer questions and provide special handling for specimens from their patients A Pap test specimen would be sent to which department for analysis - ANSWER- Cytology What has HIPAA enabled patients to do? - ANSWER-Have more control over their medical records Which of the following best defines a demographic? - ANSWER-The statistical date of a population, such as age, gender, etc. How is a consultation different from a referral? - ANSWER-A consultation is needed when the physician asks for the opinion of another provider Which of the following scheduling methods books several patients around the same time? - ANSWER-Cluster booking Which temperature site would give the highest normal values? - ANSWER- Rectal A procedure for filing insurance claims would be found under which policies section of the procedure manual? - ANSWER-Administrative Which department monitors warfarin therapy? - ANSWER-Coagulation

The liquid portion of a blood specimen (without an anticoagulant) is called: - ANSWER- Serum A decrease in the plasma volume with an increased concentration of cells and larger molecules is referred to as: - ANSWER-Hemoconcentration If the tourniquet is applied for longer than three minutes, which of the following analytes will most likely become falsely elevated? - ANSWER- Potassium A hospitalized patient may not be identified by which of the following means? - ANSWER-Patient's chart Diagnosis and treatment of diseases characterized by joint inflammation is part of which medical specialty? - ANSWER-Rheumatology Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with formation of a blood clot is called: - ANSWER- Thrombophlebitis A pre-filled syringe is also known as a (n): - ANSWER-Cartridge Which of the following muscles is commonly used for intramuscular injections in the infant? - ANSWER-Vastus lateralis What is the function of hemoglobin? - ANSWER-Carry oxygen from the lungs and to carry carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs A single order that is administered immediately and usually written for emergencies is known as: - ANSWER-STAT order Which of the following tests is most likely used to test for inflammation, infectious disease, and malignant neoplasms? - ANSWER-ESR is used to test for collagen disease, inflammatory disease and rheumatoid arthritis Which of the following is the best way to prepare routine blood specimen tubes for transportation to an off-site lab? - ANSWER-Seal the tubes in plastic bags An example of negligence is when the phlebotomist: - ANSWER-Fails to report significant changes in a patient's condition Critical values (test values that are considered life threatening) are also called: - ANSWER-Panic values Which of the following would be a pre-analytical error related to specimen storage? - ANSWER-Exposure to light

An example of a disease requiring droplet isolation is - ANSWER-Pertussis What word is used to describe the breakdown of red blood cells? - ANSWER- Hemolysis Which of the following stopper colors identifies a tube used for coagulation testing? - ANSWER-Light-blue Heparin prevents blood from clotting by: - ANSWER-Inhibiting thrombin What is the purpose of an antiglycolytic agent? - ANSWER-It preserves glucose Hemoconcentration from prolonged tourniquet application increases: - ANSWER-Non- filterable analytes What is the difference between NPO and fasting? - ANSWER-Fasting allows the patient to drink water, whereas NPO does not A phlebotomy needle that does not have a safety feature: - ANSWER-Must be used with a holder that has a safety feature Yellow tube additive SPS function: - ANSWER-binds calcium to prevent clotting and inhibits bacterial growth light blue tube additive Sodium Citrate function: - ANSWER-binds calcium to prevent clotting Serum seperator tube(SST) additive serum separators function - ANSWER- serum separation red tube - ANSWER-has no additive. promotes clotting plasma separator tube(PST) additive function lithium heparin and gel function is - ANSWER-heparin prevents the release of potassium by platelets during the clotting and the gel separates the plasma from the red cells green tube additive lithium or sodium heparin function is - ANSWER-inhibits formation of thrombin and prevents clotting lavender tube additive EDTA function is - ANSWER-binds calcium to prevent clotting grey tube additive potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride function is - ANSWER-binds calcium and stabilizes glucose yellow tube laboratory test - ANSWER-blood or body fluid cultures light blue tube laboratory test - ANSWER-coagulation studies:

Prothrombin time(PT) activated partial thromboplastin time(aPPT) international normalized ratio(INR) SST tube laboratory test - ANSWER-serum testing: hormone studies, organ panels, cholesterol testing, medication levels red tube laboratory test - ANSWER-serum testing: hormone studies, organ panels, cholesterol testing, medication levels PST tube(green) laboratory test - ANSWER-STAT chemistry plasma studies: electrolytes, arterial blood gases(ABG) and many of the same test you can do on serum green tube laboratory test - ANSWER-chimestry plasma studies electrolytes, ABG and so on lavender tube laboratory test - ANSWER-hematology testing: complete blood count(CBC), differential, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate grey tube laboratory test - ANSWER-glucose testing and alcohol levels first chain of infection - ANSWER-infectious agent second chain of infection - ANSWER-reservoir or source third chain of infection - ANSWER-portal or exit from reservior or source forth chain of infection - ANSWER-means of transmission fifth chain of infection - ANSWER-portal of entry sixth chain of infection - ANSWER-susceptible host Augmented Leads - ANSWER-1. aVR: Records electrical activity away from midpoint between left arm and left leg to right arm (across heart to right shoulder)

2. aVL: Records electrical activity from midpoint between right arm and left leg to left arm (across heart to left shoulder)
3. aVF: Records electrical activity from midpoint between right arm and left arm to left leg (across heart toward feet) Chest or Precordial Leads - ANSWER-1. V1: Records electrical activity between center of heart and the chest wall where V1 electrode is placed
4. V2: Records electrical activity between center of heart and the chest wall where V2 electrode is placed
5. V3: Records electrical activity between center of heart and the chest wall where V3 electrode is placed

4. V4: Records electrical activity between center of heart and the chest wall where V4 electrode is placed
5. V5: Records electrical activity between center of heart and the chest wall where V5 electrode is placed
6. V6: Records electrical activity between center of heart and the chest wall where V6 electrode is placed Solutes - ANSWER-the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. Red blood cells - ANSWER-Which type of blood cell is responsible for gas exchange in the circulating blood? Macrophages - ANSWER-large phagocytic cell found in stationary form in the tissues or as a mobile white blood cell, especially at sites of infection. Confidentiality - ANSWER-Which of the following items is the most important for phlebotomists to keep in mind during their daily routine in medical settings? Urinalysis - ANSWER-Which department performs chemical screening tests on urine specimens? White blood cells - ANSWER-Which type of blood cell is responsible for defense and immunity? CBC - ANSWER-Which blood test includes WBC and RBS counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit? O - ANSWER-The most common blood type is: Petechiae - ANSWER-Small red spots on a patient's skin due to a blood clotting abnormality is referred to as: Hemoconcentration - ANSWER-A decrease in the plasma volume with an increased concentration of cells and larger molecules is referred to as: The antecubital area of the arm - ANSWER-The most common sites for venipuncture are in which of the following areas? Rheumatology - ANSWER-he study of rheumatism, arthritis, and other disorders of the joints, muscles, and ligaments. Gastroenterology - ANSWER-the branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the stomach and intestines. Internal medicine - ANSWER-is the medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases.

Dermatology - ANSWER-the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. Vasculitis - ANSWER-inflammation of a blood vessel or blood vessels. Atherosclerosis - ANSWER-a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls. Phlebosclerosis - ANSWER-The thickening or hardening of the walls of a vein. Injection - ANSWER-Which of the following is a common route for the administration of parenteral medications? 25 - ANSWER-What is the most appropriate needle gauge for a subcutaneous injection? 20-21 - ANSWER-The needle gauges usually used for intravenous injections STAT order - ANSWER-A single order that is administered immediately and usually written for emergencies is known as QA indicators - ANSWER-Guides used to monitor all aspects of patient care are called: ESR - ANSWER-Which of the following tests is most likely used to test for inflammation, infectious disease, and malignant neoplasms? Cholesterol - ANSWER-Which of the following specimens is least likely to require special handling? Pertussis - ANSWER-An example of a disease requiring droplet isolation is Hemolysis - ANSWER-the rupture or destruction of red blood cells. Hemostasis - ANSWER-the stopping of a flow of blood. Erythma - ANSWER-superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result of injury or irritation causing dilatation of the blood capillaries Erythrocytosis - ANSWER-an increase in the number of circulating red cells above the gender-specific normal level. Lymphostasis - ANSWER-Obstruction of the normal flow of lymph. Venous stasis - ANSWER-slow blood flow in the veins

NPO - ANSWER-nothing by mouth Basal state specimens - ANSWER-The best specimens to use for establishing inpatient reference ranges for blood tests are: