Art & Culture Definitions: Late 19th to Early 20th Century Art Terms, Quizzes of American Art

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John Quincy Adams Ward 1891Representation of emancipated slaves, first ever cast of black man. was done by a white man. Shows chains cut as a sign of freedom with no white man towering over him. TERM 2 DEFINITION 2 Harriet G. Hosmer (Euro-American) Zenobia in Chains, 1859 TERM 3 DEFINITION 3 Edmonia Lewis (African American) Forever Free, 1867Reimagines a sculpture of Abraham Lincoln, and a slave this time showing freed slaves thanking god with broken chains, and relief. TERM 4 DEFINITION 4 Arapaho, Ghost Dance Dresses, 1890Clothing warn during the Ghost Dance, containing celestial symbols and other symbols to connect with ancestors and express the promise of the dance TERM 5 DEFINITION 5 Bierstadt (Euro- American) Among the Sierra Nevada Mountain, 1868Huge landscapes showing fertility of land, and openness ready to be settled by Americans. Manifest destiny

Moran (Euro-American), Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, 1872Sent by the government to map and document the west. Shows land populated by explorers - showing control of the land as ours TERM 7 DEFINITION 7 Henry Ossawa Tanner (African-American), The Banjo Lesson 1893 TERM 8 DEFINITION 8 Archibald Motley (African-American), Octoroon Girl, 1925 TERM 9 DEFINITION 9 Robert Henri (Euro-American), Snow in New York, 1902 TERM 10 DEFINITION 10 Lewis Hine (Euro-American), Young Russian Jewess, Ellis Island. 1905

John Sloan (Euro-American), Ludlow Massacre, Cover of the Masses, 1914 TERM 12 DEFINITION 12 Charles Sheeler (Euro-American) Criss-Crossed Conveyors, Ford River Rouge Plant, 1927 TERM 13 DEFINITION 13 Margaret Bourke-White (Euro-American) Open Earth Mill, 1929 TERM 14 DEFINITION 14 Joseph Sharp (Euro-American), Crucita, A Taos Indian Girl, 1918 TERM 15 DEFINITION 15 Georgia O'Keeffe (Euro-American) Deer Skull with Pedernal, 1936

Pablita Velarde (Santa Clara Pueblo), Woman Making Pottery, 1940 TERM 17 DEFINITION 17 Arthur Rothstein (Euro American) Farmer and Sons walking in the face of a dust storm, 1936 TERM 18 DEFINITION 18 Thomas Hart Benton (Euro American) Cradling Wheat, 1938 TERM 19 DEFINITION 19 ,Max Weber (Euro American), Rush Hour, New York, 1915 TERM 20 DEFINITION 20 Daniel Burnham (Euro-American), Reliance Building, 1890

Alfred Stieglitz (Euro-American), Winter on Fifth Avenue, 1893 TERM 22 DEFINITION 22 Whistler (Euro-American, Arrangement in Grey and Black, TERM 23 DEFINITION 23 Candace Wheeler (Euro-American) Tulip Panel, 1883- TERM 24 DEFINITION 24 Charles Courtney Curran (Euro-American), Lotus Lilies, 1888 TERM 25 DEFINITION 25 Winslow Homer (Euro-American), Winter Coast, 1890

Mary Cassat (Euro-American) La Lage, 1878- TERM 27 DEFINITION 27 Spencer (Euro American), Domestic Happiness, 1849 TERM 28

Selective Focus

DEFINITION 28 Use of limited depth of field to focus sharply on a specific object in a scene, while other parts are clearly out-of- focus TERM 29

White Marmorean

Flock

DEFINITION 29 A group of women sculptors, including Hosmer and Stebbins, who worked in a Neo-Classical style in Rome TERM 30

Wovoka

DEFINITION 30 Jack Wilson, considered the God of the Ghost Dance Religion. Influenced Native American response to federal oppression.

Ghost Dance

Originating among the Paiute Indians around 1870. Religion and Native American spiritual response to reservation life and US federal oppression TERM 32

Japonisme

DEFINITION 32 The movement of desiring Japanese made art starting in

1860. Lack of perspective and shadow, strong, flat areas of color, off center subjects TERM 33

The Aesthetic Movement

DEFINITION 33 Art and design movement. Taking away moral messages of art, and just creating aesthetically pleasing pieces TERM 34

Ukiyo-e

DEFINITION 34 Japanese wood block prints, source of inspiration for many European Impressionist painters TERM 35

Neurasthenia

DEFINITION 35 Popular diagnosis for anything related to nerves, general diagnosis for work exhaustion

Chicago Window

3 part window consisting of a large fixed center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash windows. Combines the function of light-gathering and natural ventilation. TERM 37

Pictoralism

DEFINITION 37 Use of selective focus and atmospheric perspective. A painterly like photograph TERM 38

Art Nouveau

DEFINITION 38 From Paris, design style with organic, floral and other plant- inspired motifs. Curvilinear lines TERM 39

Photogravure

DEFINITION 39 A method by which a photo is transferred or etched onto a metal plate and printed by a printmaking or etching process TERM 40

Eugenics

DEFINITION 40 selective breeding for the improvement of genetic qualities

James VanDerZee

Painted black middle-class as affluent, stylish TERM 42

Ash Can School

DEFINITION 42 Artistic movement in the United States that portrayed the gritty, dirty, details of Urban New York TERM 43

Primitivism

DEFINITION 43 Western nostalgia for pre-industrial culture; non-western and folk/peasant cultures seen as freer, more spiritual, purer, healthier, closer to nature TERM 44

Studio Style

DEFINITION 44 Modern pueblo easel painting. Outlined figures filled in with flat color, ambiguous space, cultural subject matter. TERM 45

Regionalism

DEFINITION 45 Portrayala of various parts of the country to express the positive attributes of the Nation; pro-American, anti-European

Charles Atlas

Atlas was Greek God. Born in Italy. Working out, and eating right, helped create catalog male workout routines. Won contest for worlds most perfectly developed man. TERM 47

Precisionism

DEFINITION 47 Use of light and shadow to enhance the metallic, slick surfaces. A machine aesthetic, sharply defined forms TERM 48 DEFINITION 48 Winslow Homer (Euro-American), Prisoners from the front, 1866 TERM 49 DEFINITION 49 Timothy OSullivan (Euro-American), A harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1863 TERM 50 DEFINITION 50 Frederick Childe Hassam (Euro-American), A Winter Day on Brooklyn Bridge, 1892

Joseph Stella (Italian, active in US), Voice of the City, 1920- TERM 52 DEFINITION 52 Richard Glazer- Danay (Coughnawaga Mohawk), Which Way to Deerfield, 2003 TERM 53 DEFINITION 53 Meta Fuller (African-American), Ethiopia Awakening, 1914 TERM 54 DEFINITION 54 Carl Hoeckner (Euro-American), Machine Fodder, 1941 TERM 55 DEFINITION 55 Frank Cassara (Euro-American), Drillers, 1937Focusing on the common workers that are going to get us out of the depression.