AMERICAN COLONIES THE SETTLING OF NORTH AMERICA - Lecture Note - American History - Alan Taylor, Lecture notes of United States History

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AMERICAN COLONIES: THE SETTLING OF NORTH AMERICA

Alan Taylor

READING & NOTE-TAKING GUIDE

You will read the following pages and chapter in this book. As you read, you will take notes of crucial information to be described below. You are encouraged to highlight and/or underline key passages in the book and to annotate the text for your future reference.

The first unit that we will investigate in the fall semester is about the American Colonies. This corresponds to Chapter 2 in the textbook, The American Pageant. You will find this book, American Colonies, by Alan Taylor, a helpful supplement to the textbook. And, as you study the textbook in the fall semester, you will identify some conflicting ideas regarding the historical significance of some events. This can serve as food for, and illustrations of, the thought processes that will help you to be successful in your study of this course.

Although you are invited to read the entire book, you are required to read, and to understand, the following: Part II, “Colonies,” Chapters 6 – 12 (pp 117 – 272, and Part III, “Empires,” Chapters 13 – 15 (pp 275 – 362). You will find the reading flows along, and is enjoyable.

As you read Part II, identify and take notes about the following information for each colony and colonial group:

• The name of the colony
• The founding country
• The date on which it was founded
• The name(s) of the founder(s)
• Why it was founded
• The type of colony it was (royal, proprietary, etc.)
• Difficulties after founding: both in the short- and long-term. This includes conflicts within the colony as well as outside of the colony.
• Any changes in type (self-rule to royal, etc.)

Also, as you read, write down any words that you do not know and, periodically, look up their definitions or meanings in a dictionary. A successful AP US History student will always have a good collegiate dictionary at his/her disposal. If you have learned “Power Notes,” Cornell Notes, or another detailed note-taking technique, please use that.

At the beginning of the second week of school you will be tested on this material. Your teacher will also check your notes and verify that you have the assigned book.

Then, identify and take notes about the following specific details:

Virginia: 1570-

1. How did English colonization differ from that of the Spanish and French? What was a later outcome of this difference?
2. How did Sir Walter Raleigh characterize the relationship between trade and power?
3. What was the importance of tobacco cultivation?
4. What was the “headright” system?

Chesapeake Colonies: 1650-

1. Who were the leaders of the Chesapeake colonies?
2. Who were the workers in the Chesapeake colonies prior to 1676?
3. What were the frustrations of freedmen, and to where did they move?
4. Characterize Governor Berkeley.
5. What was his policy toward Indians?
6. Describe the rebellion led by Nathanial Bacon.
7. How did the British Crown respond, and what happened to Governor Berkeley?
8. How did the Chesapeake planters respond to the declining supply of white laborers?
9. What, then, did the planters do in order to keep the slaves intimidated? How did they, then, treat the common white man?
10. What colonies comprised the Chesapeake group?

New England: 1600-

1. Compare and contrast the settlers in New England with those in the Chesapeake colonies.
2. What colonies comprised New England?
3. What was the topography of New England?
4. Who were the principal early settlers in New England?
5. Contrast labor and land ownership in New England with that in the Chesapeake colonies.
6. Characterize the Puritans. What was their motivation in coming to the New World? What were the principal tenets of their religion?
7. Describe the Great Migration.
8. How did the Puritans reconcile their religion with the profit motive?
9. What were the principal trades in New England? (How did the people make their money?)
10. What was the economic relationship between New England and the West Indies?
11. Characterize the Bible Commonwealth.
12. What was the influence of Harvard University graduates on the Puritan hierarchy?
13. Characterize Rhode Island. How did it influence Massachusetts and Connecticut?
14. Why did New England ultimately fail as a “City upon a Hill?”
15. Characterize the Pequot War. What were the important elements, and what was the result?
16. Characterize King Philip’s War. What were the important elements, and what was the result?

Carolina: 1670-

1. Who were the initial settlers of Carolina?
2. What was the purpose for the settlement of Carolina?
3. Characterize the topography of Carolina.
4. Characterize the climate of Carolina.
5. What was the concern about interaction between the Indians and the slaves?
6. How did the leadership of Carolina go about keeping the Indians and the slaves separate?

7. Where was rice grown in Carolina?
8. Who taught the planters how to grow rice?
9. How much rice was grown in the first half of the 1700s? What was the effect of this rice on the economy?
10. What was a second valuable plantation crop?
11. How much did this crop increase in growth between 1750 and 1760?
12. What was the effect of working conditions and climate on slave mortality?
13. What else did the imported Africans introduce to Carolina? Who was affected by this disease?
14. What was the growing fear of the planters?
15. What actions did the planters take in response to this fear?
16. What became a reality near Charles Town on the Stono River, and when?
17. Who were the founders of Georgia?
18. How was the colony financed, and what was the significance of that?
19. Compare and contrast land ownership in Georgia with the other Southern colonies, especially for the purpose of increasing the number of whites willing to work and capable of bearing guns.
20. What were the main points of Georgia governing?
21. What characteristic did the low country of Georgia and South Carolina replicate?

Middle Colonies: 1600 – 1700

1. What region did the English neglect during the early 17th^ Century?
2. Describe the topography and climate of the mid-Atlantic region. Compare and contrast with New England and the Chesapeake.
3. Who took advantage of this neglect?
4. How did England react to those who took advantage?
5. What was the progression of colonial types (royal, proprietary, etc.)?
6. Describe the event and result of the English naval squadron in 1664.
7. Characterize the Dutch Empire.
8. Who did the Dutch welcome that were not welcome in most European realms?
9. What is the significance of the phenomenon of Dutch trading companies losing money?
10. What economic advantage did Dutch shippers enjoy? Who took advantage of this?
11. Describe the Navigation Acts. What was the significance of these acts?
12. Highlight the events between the English and New Netherlands in 1664 and 1667.
13. What resulted from these events with regard to the Indian nations?
14. What action did the Duke of York take in 1664? What resulted from this action?
15. What situation was New Jersey left in?
16. Who founded Pennsylvania, and why?
17. Explain the factional divide that set the older, non-Quaker settlements against the more numerous and mostly Quaker newcomers.
18. What action did Penn take when he was unable to reconcile these two regions?

As you read Part III, identify and take notes about the following specific details:

Revolutions: 1685-

1. Who succeeded King Charles I? Characterize his dealings with the American colonies.
2. What action did Massachusetts take in 1678?
3. Who was the governor-general? Explain what he did.
4. What significant claim did the Reverend John Wise make in 1678? What was the importance of this claim? What response did Andros make to this claim?
5. What action did the Dominion take to enforce the Navigation Acts? Why was this a particular hardship on the colonists?
6. By what name were the supporters of William, the Dutch Prince of Orange known? What did they call for?

The Atlantic: 1700 – 1780

1. What effect did the Navigation Acts have on the Chesapeake and the West Indies?
2. What effect did a growing economy have on free colonists?
3. Explain the effect that a larger disposable income had on free colonists.
4. How many slaves did the British colonies import during the 18th^ Century?
5. What was the mortality rate among new slaves in the Chesapeake colonies during the early 18 th^ Century?
6. How did the number of African-born slaves compare to the number of American-born by the mid-18 th^ Century?

Awakenings: 1700 - 1775

1. Identify 10 facts about religion and religious establishments in the colonies 1700 – 1775.
2. Describe the results of denominational reconciliation between the late 1740s and 1772.