American Red Cross Lifeguarding Final Written Exam 2024-2025. Questions and Answers, Exams of Health sciences

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American Red Cross Lifeguarding Final Written

Exam 2024-2025. Questions and Correct,

Verified Answers. Graded A

A lifeguard is texting while on surveillance duty and fails to recognize a swimmer in distress. What legal principle could be a problem for this lifeguard? – ANS Negligence A lifeguard on duty should be able to recognize and reach a drowning victim within how much time? - ANS30 seconds A victim in the water is not breathing. – ANS Always remove a victim who is not breathing from the water as soon as possible to provide care. However, if doing so will delay care, then perform in-water ventilations until you can remove the victim. After an emergency has been resolved, there are still three important tasks to complete. Explain each task. – ANS Report: complete an incident report form Advise: advise the victim on next steps (ex. go to doctor) Release: release the victim to the appropriate parties (ex: child to their parent)

An EAP for a missing person includes quickly checking if the person is in the water. Checking for a submerged victim is most difficult for which area? - ANSUnderneath play structures at a waterfront with murky water As a lifeguard you are responsible for consistently enforcing what? - ANSYour facility's rules and regulations At waterfront facilities using swim tests for group visits, areas for nonswimmers should: - ANSBe separated from the swimmer area with a continuous barrier, such as a pier or buoyed lifeline. Backboards are a standard piece of rescue equipment used at aquatic facilities for immobilizing and removing the victim from the water. Backboards work best when they are equipped with: - ANS1) A chest strap to secure the victim to the board

2. A head-immobilizer device that can be attached to the top, or head-end, of the board Describe four ways that additional lifeguards can help during spinal backboarding and extrication from the water. - ANS1) Helping to submerge, position, and stabilize the backboard on deck
3. Communicating with and reassuring the victim
4. Guiding the backboard as it is being removed from the water
5. Providing care after the victim has been removed from the water

Describe the actions of the additional safety team members listed below during a rescue where the victim is unresponsive and requires additional emergency care. - ANSOther lifeguards:

1. The water or land rescue and providing emergency care
2. Back-up zone coverage or clearing the area Additional safety team members: (Front desk staff, maintenance staff or others as designated by the EAP)
3. Summoning EMS personnel
4. Bringing additional equipment, if necessary
5. Clearing the area or facility
6. Controlling the crowd
7. Meeting EMS personnel During rotation, both lifeguards must ensure there is no lapse in patron surveillance, even for a brief moment. To ensure this, what should each lifeguard do? - ANSThe incoming lifeguard should search the zone and be aware of the activity level in the zone you will be guarding. Begin searching your zone as you are walking toward your station, checking all areas of the water from the bottom to the surface The outgoing lifeguard should inform you of any situations that need special attention. The exchange of information should be brief, and patron surveillance must be maintained throughout the entire rotation

Explain what it means to be "equipped and rescue-ready." - ANSYou are wearing or carrying the appropriate rescue equipment for your facility and ready to enter the water to perform a rescue Fill in the blank: ________________________________________ , which can be described as rapid, deep breathing, is a dangerous technique used by some swimmers to try to swim long distances underwater or to hold their breath for an extended period while submerged in one place. If you see these dangerous activities, you must intervene. - ANSVoluntary hyperventilation Fill in the blank. The ________________________ technique is used for performing manual in-line stabilization for victims in the water. - ANSHead splint Head, neck or spinal injuries often are caused by high-impact/high-risk activities. List three examples of high-impact/high-risk activities in an aquatic environment. - ANS1) Receiving a blow to the head

2. Colliding with another swimmer
3. Entering head first into shallow water How does an American Red Cross certified lifeguard get recertified? - ANSGoing through the Lifeguard class or course again How should lifeguards extricate a suspected spinal injury victim who is secured to a backboard from a zero-depth or sloping entry waterfront? - ANSAfter reaching the zero-depth entry, the lifeguards slightly lift the head-end of the backboard, carefully pulling the backboard and victim out of the water. Gently lower the backboard and victim to the ground once out of water using proper lifting techniques to prevent injury

Identify three strategies for ensuring safe group visits. - ANS1) Safety orientations

2. Designation of swim areas
3. Identification of group leaders or adult chaperones In a water park setting, what additional items might be included in a safety checklist? - ANSInspecting and test run of rides and slides, Checking that rafts, tubes, and/or sleds are properly inflated and the handles are secure, Landing areas are free of rough surfaces and debris, Water level and flow is appropriate for attraction, and Electronic dispatch systems are tested and are operating properly In general there are three types of swimmers in distress or drowning victims. List each type with three observable characteristics for each. - ANSDistressed swimmer

• May be able to keep their face out of the water
• May be able to call or wave for help
• Floating, sculling, or treading water Active drowning victim
• Not able to call for help
• Has extended their arms to the side or front, pressing down for support
• Is positioned vertically with an ineffective kick Passive drowning victim
• Might float face down at or near the surface or might sink to the bottom

• May be limp or have slight convulsive-type movements
• Has no defined arm or leg action, no locomotion, and no breathing It is very hot in your facility and you are starting to doze on the stand. All of the following can help you stay alert EXECPT for which? - ANSJump in the pool while on surveillance duty to cool off Lifeguards should always do what? - ANSBe attentive and sit or stand upright when on surveillance duty Lifeguards should be actively ___________ their zones, because ___________. - ANSSearching their zones because they need to recognize signs indicating that someone may need help. List five characteristics of a professional lifeguard. - ANSKnowledgeable and skilled, Reliable, Mature, Courteous and consistent, and Positive List five examples of secondary responsibilities that should never interfere with patron surveillance. - ANSTesting pool water chemistry, Assist patrons by performing safety orientations, administrating swim tests, fitting life jackets, and other duties, Cleaning or performing maintenance, Completing records and reports, and Performing opening duties, closing duties, or facility safety checks and inspections List the five common rules and regulations often posted at an aquatic facility. - ANSSwim only when a lifeguard is on duty, No running, pushing, or rough play,

Dive in designated areas, No swimming with open or infected wounds, and No alcoholic beverages or drug use allowed List the five steps that a lifeguard should take when obtaining consent from an injured or ill person before providing first aid or emergency care. - ANSState your name, State your level of training, Ask if you may help, Explain that you would like to assess them to find out what you think may be wrong or what you can do to help List the general procedures, in order, for situations involving a water rescue. - ANS1) Activate the emergency action plan

2. Enter the water, if necessary
3. Perform an appropriate rescue
4. Move the victim to a safe exit point
5. Remove the victim from water
6. Provide emergency care as needed
7. Report, advise, and release List the three major strategies a lifeguard can use to help prevent injuries at an aquatic facility. - ANS1) Safety checks
8. Enforcing rules
9. Recognize changing water and weather conditions List three things that can help determine if a life jacket is appropriate for use. - ANS1) Jacket is appropriately sized for patron
10. Jacket is properly worn

3. Jacket is in good working condition Many facilities have unique challenges that demand different kinds of surveillance. For each situation listed below, list two guidelines you should keep in mind when providing surveillance for patrons. - ANSGuarding areas for young children:
4. Children might get list so remind parents to keep an eye on their children
5. Watch out for children using the pool as a toilet Play structures:
6. Watch for overcrowding and horseplay on structures
7. Pay attention to patron moving in water as moving water can surprise people and they may lose their balance Members of the safety team, including non-lifeguard personnel, should be: - ANSTrained and certified in first aid and CPR/AED at the same level of the lifeguard team (for professionals) Place the general rescue procedures for caring for a head, neck or spinal injury in the water in order: - ANS1) Activate the facility's EAP (may be specific for these types of injuries)
8. Safely enter the water
9. Perform a rescue providing manual in-line stabilization
10. Remove the victim from the water using the appropriate spinal backboard procedure
11. Check for responsiveness and breathing

6. Re-assess the victim's condition and provide appropriate care. Provide three examples of how lifeguards fulfill their primary responsibility. - ANSMonitoring activities in and near the water through patron surveillance, Administering first aid, CPR, and AED, and Working as a team with other lifeguards, facility staff, and management Provide three examples of situation-based EAPs. - ANS1) Water Emergency- passive victim 2)Water Emergency- active victim 3)Land Emergency- injury or illness RID stands for - ANSR: Recognition I: Intrusion D: Distraction Special considerations for spinal injuries at a facility with a beach or other zero- depth entry may include: - ANSInjury from plunging during a running entry, in-line stabilization and extrication from extremely shallow water The glare of the lights on the water and the water movements are making it hard to see all areas of your zone. What are some things you can do? - ANS- A | Wear polarized sunglasses.

• Adjust your body position; stand up to look around and through the glare spots.
• Reposition the lifeguard station with the

permission of your supervisor.

• Be aware of the normal appearance of the bottom of the pool; know the appearance of drains, colored tiles or painted depth markings. The size of a zone should allow for a lifeguard to recognize an emergency, reach the victim, extricate and provide ventilation's within how much time? Explain why.
• ANS1 1/2 to 2 minutes because in that amount of time you might be able to resuscitate the victim What are four core objectives in any rescue situation? - ANS1) Ensure the safety of the victim, yourself and others in the vicinity. This includes the entry, approach, rescue, removal and care provided.

2. Use a rescue technique that is appropriate and effective for the situation.
3. Provide an appropriate assessment, always treating life-threatening conditions first.
4. Handle the rescue with a sense of urgency What are four topics that could be a discussed during in-service training? - ANSSurveillance and recognition, Water and land rescue skills, Emergency response drills, and Decision-making protocols (or Facility rules and regulations, Customer service, Records and reports, and Physical conditioning) What are some factors that make lifeguarding water parks different than typical pool? - ANSVarious attractions, Ride Vehicles, Currents on attractions, Potentially larger crowds, and Different rules and EAPs

What are some factors that should be considered when deciding how to enter the water? - ANS- Location of victim

• Condition of victim
• Location of other swimmers
• Your location
• Type of equipment used
• Facility setup
• Water depth What are the appropriate rescue techniques for a victim with a suspected spinal injury? - ANS- If the victim is in shallow water, you do not need to use a rescue tube to support yourself
• If the victim is submerged, you should not use the rescue tube when submerging and bringing the victim to the surface
• If the victim is at the surface in deep water, you may need a rescue tube to support yourself and the victim What are the benefits of regular, frequent in-service training? - ANSHelps you maintain your knowledge and skills at a professional level, gives you a chance to practice with other lifeguards at your facility, and it will help you to efficiently respond as a team in an emergency

What are the EAP actions for a situation where the victim is responsive and does not require additional care? - ANS1) Signal

2. Rescue
3. Report, advise, release
4. Equipment check/corrective action
5. Return to duty What are the two most common assists and when should each be used? - ANS1) Simple Assist
6. Reaching Assist What does EAP stand for? - ANSEmergency Action Plan What equipment should be worn or carried by a lifeguard at all times while on duty? (List at least two and include the reason(s) why this equipment should be worn or carried.) - ANSRescue tubes are capable of keeping multiple victims afloat and whistles are used to activate their facility's EAP and get attention of other members of the safety team and patrons for policy enforcement What is a good list of typical safety checklist items, along with others, applies to a lakefront swimming area? - ANSBottom conditions, pier attachments, buoys, and safety lines What is a list of typical rules that applies to a lakefront swimming area? - ANSNo swimming under piers and no fishing near swimming area

What is the best practice for the frequency of in-service training participation at well-managed aquatic facilities? - ANSAt least four hours of in-service training each month What is the difference between total and zone coverage? - ANSTotal coverage - When only one lifeguard is conducting patron surveillance for an entire pool while on duty. Zone coverage - When the swimming area is divided into separate zones, with one zone for each lifeguard station. What is the primary responsibility of a lifeguard? - ANSTo prevent drowning and other injuries from occurring at their aquatic facility What is the validity period of an American Red Cross Lifeguarding certification? - ANSTwo years What items are considered to be personal protective equipment for a lifeguard? - ANSGowns, Shields, Resuscitation masks, Gloves, and Protective Eyewear What rules are typically covered at water park attractions? - ANSThe minimum or maximum number of people allowed on an attraction or tube at a time, The maximum and minimum height or weight requirements for patrons using an attraction, Rules for winding rivers, No jumping or diving into the water, No climbing on any features, Rules for water slides, and No stacking of tubes or life jackets

What safety equipment/items should be easily accessible for a lifeguard while on duty?(List at least two and describe how/when each item is used.) - ANSBackboards are used to remove victims from the water when they are unable to exit the water on their own or when they have a possible injury to the head, neck, or spine and first aid kits include supplies used to treat common injuries at aquatic facilities What type of station is good to use with a crowded zone? - ANSRoving Stations What type of station is ideal for a single guard facility? - ANSElevated Station What type of station is used in waterfront facilities to patrol the outer edge of a swimming area? - ANSFloating Stations What type of station puts you close to the patrons to easily make assists? - ANSGround-Level Stations When completing a report, you should: - ANSCollect all factual information about what was seen, heard and the actions taken. When rescuing a victim of a suspected head, neck or spinal injury using the spinal backboarding procedure, communication with the victim is important. What should lifeguards tell the victim? - ANS- Let the victim know what you are doing

• Reassure the victim along the way
• Tell the victim not to nod or shake their head but instead say "yes" or "no" to answer

questions. Which scanning challenge often occurs at waterfronts but should not exist at pools? - ANSMurky water Which type of entry would you use if: You are searching your new zone as you walk toward the elevated lifeguard stand in the deep end before a rotation and you spot an active drowning victim. - ANSStride Jump Which type of entry would you use if: You are searching your zone from an elevated station when you spot a patron who appears to have a head injury as a result of diving in shallow water. - ANSSlide In Entry Which type of entry would you use if: You are seated on an elevated lifeguard stand in the deep end during recreational swim and spot a passive-drowning victim. The area surrounding your station is clear of patrons and objects. - ANSCompact Jump Which type of entry would you use if:

You have just rotated to a roving station during open swim at a crowded waterfront and spot a swimmer in distress. - ANSSlide In Entry Which type of entry would you use if: You spot an active drowning victim while searching your zone from a ground-level station located in the middle of the pool where the water is 4' deep. - ANSSlide In Entry Who normally provides training for watercraft used at some waterfront facilities? - ANSFacility management Who should deal with questions from the media after an incident? Select all that apply. Why? - ANSFacility manager or company spokesperson - your doing so may lead to legal action. Why is it important for lifeguard managers to conduct drills to test zones? - ANS- To determine what lifeguards can and cannot see from their station (Ask Drill)

• To determine whether a lifeguard can reach the furthest and deepest part of their zone in 30 seconds (Live Recognition Drill)
• To evaluate the ability of the lifeguard to get to a victim, conduct a rescue, extricate, and start ventilations

Why is it important for lifeguards and other team members to understand and practice the EAP? - ANSSo everyone knows their responsibilities and can perform them effectively Why is it important to attend a pre-season orientation and training? - ANSTo ensure that lifeguards understand their responsibilities and know how to perform their job, To ensure that lifeguards get practice with their facility's safety and rescue equipment and emergency action plans, and To ensure lifeguards understand codes, rules, and regulations of the facility Why is it important to educate your patrons about safety in, on and around the water? - ANSSo they can know about the risks that can cause injury and how to use equipment and follow rules to prevent behaviors that lead to injury. Why might a supervisor chose NOT to re-open a facility that was closed during an emergency? Provide one example. - ANSThere might not be enough lifeguards to return or there might be spills that need to be cleaned up Why should an EAP be facility specific? - ANSBecause every facility is designed differently, different equipment, and different response. Why should water parks have signs posted at every attraction stating the water depth? - ANSTo prevent patrons from finding themselves in water that is deeper or shallower than they expected You are approaching a child who is facing away from you and struggling to keep their head above water. - ANSActive Victim Rear Rescue

You are approaching a victim from behind who appears to be unconscious. - ANSPassive Victim Rear Rescue You are approaching a victim who is vertical in the water, near the surface in 4 feet of water. The victim is facing you and appears to be unconscious. - ANSPassive Victim Front Rescue You are guarding a lap swim with only two patrons. All of the following will help you deal with the monotony EXCEPT for which? - ANSSwing your whistle lanyard You are in the lifeguard office taking a break from surveillance duty and a camp counselor requests a swim test for a new camper. You use the Red Cross water competency sequence to conduct a swim test. Describe these steps in order: - ANS1) Enter the water and completely submerge.

2. Recover to the surface and remain there for at least 1 minute (floating or treading).
3. Rotate 360 degrees and orient to the exit.
4. Level off and propel oneself on the front or the back through the water for at least 25 yards.
5. Exit from the water You enter the water to rescue a victim with a suspected spinal injury. You determine that the victim is not breathing. What should you do next? - ANSRemove the victim from the water using the passive victim extrication technique

You must be prepared to respond to emergencies that are outside of the immediate aquatic environment and not part of your zone of responsibility. Describe three areas where these emergencies could occur. - ANS1) Parking lots

2. Locker rooms
3. Lobby areas