Understanding Management: Roles, Functions, and Skills of Managers, Slides of Management Fundamentals

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MANAGERS & MANAGEMENT

© Dr. Jamil Ahmed

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MANAGERS & MANAGEMENT

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OVERVIEW



Who are Managers?



What is Management?



What do Managers do?



What is an Organization?



Why study Management?



Summary

“Supposing is good, but

finding out is better.”

MANAGERS & MANAGEMENT

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WHO ARE MANAGERS?



They are the organizational members whotell others what to do and how to do it



They work with and through other people bycoordinating their work activities in orderto accomplish organizational goals

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WHO ARE MANAGERS?Classification

Top

Managers

Middle Managers

First-Line Managers

Nonmanagerial employees

Nonmanagerial employees Who work directly on a joband no one reports to them

First-Line Managers Who manage the work ofnonmanagerial employeeswho are involved with theproduction or creation of theorganization’s products

Middle Managers Who manage the work offirst-line managers. Theymay have title likedepartment head, projectleader, plant manager ordivision manager

Top Managers Who are responsible formaking organization-widedecisions and establishingthe goals and plans thataffect the entireorganization

“Management manages by making decisions and by seeing that those

decisions are implemented.”

Harold S. Geneen

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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?



A form of work that involves coordinatingan organization’s resources — land, laborand capital — toward accomplishingorganizational objectives



The process of coordinating work activitiesso that they are completed efficiently andeffectively with and through other people

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WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?

Process Ongoing functions or primary activitiesengaged in by managers Coordination of others’ work activities is whatdistinguishes a manager’s job from anonmanagerial one Efficiency Ratio of output to input. Relates tolow wastage of resources. AnswersHOW. “Doing things right.” Effectiveness Refers to completing activities so thatorganizational goals are attained.Answers WHAT. “Doing the rightthings.”

Resource

Usage

Goal

Attainment

Management strives for:

Low resource waste (high efficiency)

High goal attainment (high effectiveness)

Efficiency

Effectiveness

Low waste

High attainment

“A manager is responsible

for the application and

performance of knowledge.”

Peter Drucker

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Management Functions and Processes



The management process is the set of ongoingdecisions and work activities in which managersengage as they plan, organize, lead and control.

Planning

Organizing

Leading

Controlling

Defininggoals,establishingstrategy, anddevelopingsubplans tocoordinateactivities

Determiningwhat needsto be done,how it will bedone, andwho is to doit

Directing andmotivating allinvolvedparties andresolvingconflicts

Monitoringactivities toensure thatthey areaccomplishedas planned

Lead to

achieving the organization’s stated purpose

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Management Functions and Processes

TopManagementMiddleManagementFirst-LineManagement

Function

Management

Level

Leading

Organizing

Planning

Controlling

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Management Roles

MANAGERIAL ACTIVITIES

ASSOCIATED ROLES

interpersonal roles

• arising

from formal authority and statusand supporting the informationand decision activities.



figurehead

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liaison

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Leader

information processing roles

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monitor

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disseminator



spokesman

decision roles:

making

significant decisions



improver/changer



disturbance handler

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resource allocator



negotiator

by Mintzberg

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Management Skills

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

ASSOCIATED ABILITIES

Technical Skills

Knowledge of and proficiency in a certainspecialized field

Human Skills

Ability to work well with other people, bothindividually and in a group

Conceptual Skills

Ability to think and to conceptualize aboutabstract and complex situations, to see theorganization as a whole, and to understand therelationships among the various subunits, and tovisualize how the organization fits into itsbroader environment

by Robert Katz

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Management Skills

TopManagementMiddleManagementFirst-LineManagement

Skill

Management

Level

Technical

Human Relations

Conceptual

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Management Skills

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Managing Systems

TERMS

IMPLICATION

System

A system is a set of interrelated andinterdependent part arranged in a manner thatproduces a unified whole

Closed System

A closed system is one that is not influenced byand does not interact with its environment

Open System

An open system is one that dynamically interactswith its environment

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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?Managing Systems

Raw MaterialsHuman ResourcesCapitalTechnologyInformation

Inputs

Employees’ Work ActivitiesManagement ActivitiesTechnology & OperationsManagement

Transformation

Products & ServicesFinancial ResultsInformationHuman Results

Outputs

System

Environment Environment

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