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An overview of key anatomical terms and concepts, including the anatomical position, planes of the body, and the major body cavities. It covers the axial and appendicular regions of the body, as well as the internal divisions of the dorsal and ventral cavities. The document also introduces the basic components of a light and electron microscope, which are important tools for studying anatomy and physiology. The detailed descriptions and explanations in this document could be useful for students studying human anatomy and physiology, particularly in the context of introductory courses or lab exercises. The information covers a broad range of topics related to anatomical terminology and body structure, making it a potentially valuable resource for understanding the foundations of the human body and how it is organized.
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A&P 1 – Lab 1 Key Terms
- Anatomical Position
- Sagittal Plane
- Midsagittal Plane
- Parasagittal Plane
- Frontal/Coronal Plane
- Transverse Plane
- Anterior
- Ventral
- Posterior
- Dorsal
- Superior
- Inferior
- Medial
- Lateral
- Proximal
- Distal
- Superficial
- Deep
- Prone == Lying on belly face down
- Supine ==lying face up
Surface anatomy is useful because we study surface of body before we study surface before other things,, we divide body in region so its helpful for clinical purpose to evaluate injury etc
- Axial Region == head neck and trunk ( from waist up) o Trunk subdivided to two more region o of Thoracic ( any region above diaphragm– diaphragm is a muscle of breathing it is below rib cage & Abdominal Region ==
- Abdominal Region – anything below diaphragm is abdominal region o Dividing Abdominal tp 4 Quadrant of Upper right and upper left Quadrant / and Lower R & L quadrant
- Appendicular Region ( Upper and lower limbs and girdles that attach to it
- Brachium ----Above elbow to shoulder ( when we divide upper limb to R & L arm
- Anti-brachium From Elbow –to Wrist
- Carpus the area of wrist
- Manus---- Hand
- Digits ---Fingers
- Lower Limb::::
- Thigh –Top of knee
- Crus --- From Knee to ankle is crus
- Tarsus ((Ankle )
- Pes / FOOT
Lets look at anatomy internally :: Body internally divided into cavities and organs to describe disease
- Dorsal cavity -- two subdivision of Cranial cavity : has Brain ) and Vertebral cavity which is spinal cord Cranial cavity ( consist of Brain ) it is in Dorsal cavity
- Vertebral cavity (consist of Spinal cord ) Lungs two layers of inner and outer by Pleural
- Dorsal cavity has multiple layer protect tissue Meninges protect Brain from hard skull and spinal cord protect it from column of vertebrae
- Ventral cavity (divided by diaphragm into 2 subdivision ==== Superior devision => Thoracic Cavity ( Left and Right and Mediastinum ) Thoracic cavity Mediastinum ( it includes Heart, great vessels , / Thymus gland Trachea and Esophagus { Pleural Cavity ( L & R Lungs
• Pleural protect surrounding
Lungs
• Outer layer Parietal Pleura
inner layer Visceral
- Pleura (parietal/visceral) ( Pleura = Lungs so
- Pleura Parital is outer layer
- Pleura Visceral = inner layer / cover surface of lungs
- Pleurisy -------Inflammation in Pleura area
- Generally Inflammation end in suffix of IT IS But inflammation of Pleural lining is Pleurisy
- Pericardial cavity == Potential space filled with Plueral Fluid
- Pericardium (parietal/visceral) Perial Peri-cerium cover outer layer What cover surface of cardium Visceral Pericardium Abdominopelvic
- Abdominopelvic cavity
- Peritoneum (parietal/visceral)
- Peritoneal cavity
- Retroperitoneal
- Light and Electron Microscope
- Base
- Arm
- Lamp
- Diaphragm
- Stage
- Mechanical Stage Control
- Nose piece
- Objective
- Coarse/Fine Adjustment
- Oculars