Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 21 Blood Vessels Test Bank, Exams of Anatomy

Download Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 21 Blood Vessels Test Bank and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 21 Blood Vessels Test Bank 1) The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica A) intima. B) externa. C) media. D) interna. E) adventitia. - c 2) Compared to arteries, veins A) are more elastic. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut. - d 3) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum. - a 4) The smallest arterial branches are called the A) precapillary arterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. - a 5) The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa. - b 6) The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein. - d 7) Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa - e 8) After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. - d 9) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa - c 10) The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. - e 11) In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa. - d 12) Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa - a e 26) Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein - b 27) Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A) vasa vasorum. B) plexus. C) precapillary sphincter. D) thoroughfare channel. E) venule. - c 28) The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular - b 29) Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery? A) 0.2 mm B) 1.0 cm C) 0.4 mm D) 0.4 cm E) 1.5 cm - d 30) Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein - e 31) The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular - d 32) What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins - a 33) Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery? A) hypotension B) quadriplegia C) stroke D) myocardial infarction E) pulmonary embolism - c 34) Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States. A) 30 B) 60 C) 20 D) 50 E) 25 - d 35) What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins - e 36) Arteriosclerosis can lead to A) hypertension. B) stroke. C) coronary artery disease. D) myocardial infarction. E) All of the answers are correct. - e 37) A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered a(n) A) large vein. B) venule. C) medium vein. D) arteriovenule. E) venous valve. - c 38) The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n) A) large vein. B) venule. C) medium vein. D) arteriovenule. E) venous valve. - a 39) Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A) large veins B) venules C) medium veins D) arteriovenules E) venous valves - b 40) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) the respiratory pump. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) muscular compression. - b 41) Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? A) pulmonary arteries B) capillaries C) systemic arterioles D) veins E) arteries - d 42) What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta? 1. venules 5. medium veins 2. arterioles 6. large veins 3. capillaries 7. muscular arteries 4. elastic arteries A) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 C) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 D) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 E) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 - b 43) The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) arterioles. B) venules. C) veins. D) arteries. E) capillaries. - a 43) The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) arterioles. B) venules. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. - e 58) Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A) blood viscosity B) vessel diameter C) turbulence D) vascular resistance E) All of the answers are correct - e 59) If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be A) doubled. B) halved. C) four times greater. D) 1/4 as much. E) unchanged. - e 60) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long - d 61) Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except A) increased sympathetic stimulation. B) elevated levels of epinephrine. C) vasodilation. D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. E) elevated hematocrit. - c 62) Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output except A) increased venous return. B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. D) increased blood concentration of glucose. E) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. - d 63) Turbulent blood flow occurs A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. B) at low flow rates. C) within long and straight blood vessels. D) when blood pressure is excessively low. E) All of the answers are correct. - a 64) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg. A) 210 B) 100 C) 93 D) 105 E) 90 - b 65) The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions? A) accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones B) assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries C) helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system D) flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces E) All of the answers are correct. - e 66) When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A) the carotid baroreceptors become less active. B) venous return is decreased. C) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. D) heart rate is reflexively elevated. E) All of the answers are correct. - e 67) The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) critical closing B) mean arterial C) pulse D) blood E) circulatory - c 68) The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A) concentration of plasma sodium ions. B) concentration of plasma glucose. C) concentration of plasma waste products. D) concentration of plasma proteins. E) number of red blood cells. - d 69) Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space. B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero - e 70) When renin is released from the kidney, A) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I. C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. D) blood pressure goes down. E) blood flow to the kidneys decreases. - b 71) Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except A) release of renin. B) decrease in blood volume. C) decreased peripheral resistance. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) decreased levels of aldosterone. - a 72) Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except A) increased levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of angiotensin II. C) increased blood volume. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone). - d 73) Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except A) increased hematocrit. B) increased vessel diameter. C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased peripheral resistance. E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters. - a 74) In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has A) less resistance to blood flow. B) the same amount of pressure as resistance. C) a greater resistance to blood flow. D) a higher blood pressure. E) a greater blood flow. - c 75) Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)? A) P = (F × R) × 4 B) F = R/P C) F = P + R D) F = P - R E) F = P/R - e 76) As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries A) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. D) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. E) increased heart rate. - c 89) Fear can result in A) increased stimulation of the cardioinhibitory center by higher brain centers. B) increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers. C) decreased heart rate. D) decreased blood pressure. E) parasympathetic stimulation. - b 90) Elevated levels of the natriuretic peptide hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased A) salt and water loss through the kidneys. B) blood volume. C) sodium ion levels in blood. D) venous return and preload. E) blood pressure. - a 91) When carotid and aortic baroreceptors reduce their output, A) heart rate increases. B) heart rate decreases. C) stroke volume increases. D) both heart rate and stroke volume increase. E) the heart rate will decrease to lower blood pressure. - d 92) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased A) heart rate. B) cardiac output. C) blood flow to the lungs. D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) sympathetic stimulation of the heart. - d 93) Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits A) decreased blood volume. B) increased blood pressure. C) increased body stores of sodium ion. D) polycythemia. E) both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion. - e 94) Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release? A) renal artery thrombus B) vasospasm of the renal arteries C) circulatory shock D) increased sympathetic activity E) hypertension - e 95) Which of the following changes does not occur during exercise compared to rest? A) Cardiac output is higher. B) Heart blood flow is higher. C) Skin blood flow is lower. D) Abdominal viscera blood flow is lower. E) Kidney blood flow is lower. - c 96) To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A) reduces reabsorption of water at the kidneys. B) experiences an increase of interstitial fluids. C) experiences a decrease in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. D) releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH). E) All of the answers are correct. - d 97) ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for A) a heart attack. B) hypertension. C) a serious hemorrhage. D) prolonged exercise. E) a heavy meal. - c 98) During exercise, A) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. B) venous return increases. C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. D) tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases. E) All of the answers are correct. - e 99) In response to hemorrhage, there is A) peripheral vasodilation. B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) mobilization of the venous reserve. D) constriction of elastic arteries to maintain blood pressure. E) All of the answers are correct. - c 100) During exercise, A) venous return increases. B) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. C) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. D) venous return increases and vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. E) All of the answers are correct. - e 101) Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except A) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. B) inhibition of EPO secretion. C) activation of ADH secretion. D) activation of aldosterone secretion. E) increased thirst and water intake. - b 102) Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) systemic circuit. - c 103) The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. A) deoxygenated; left atrium B) oxygenated; right lung C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava D) deoxygenated; right atrium E) oxygenated; left atrium - e 104) Pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit. - b 105) Branches off the aortic arch include the A) brachiocephalic trunk. B) left subclavian artery. C) left common carotid artery. D) left subclavian artery and left common carotid artery. E) brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery. - e 106) Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies). A) radial B) brachial C) internal thoracic D) digital E) phrenic - c 107) After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) axillary E) digital - c 121) Veins of the brain empty into A) coronary sinuses. B) dural sinuses. C) the cerebral arterial circle. D) external jugular veins. E) vertebral veins. - b 122) The superior sagittal sinus collects blood from the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) arms. E) legs. - c 123) Veins of the upper arm include all of the following veins except the A) basilic. B) cephalic. C) brachial. D) ulnar. E) There are no exceptions. - d 124) Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) cephalic D) radial E) basilic - d 125) The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) brachial E) basilic - d 126) At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. A) cephalic B) azygos C) subclavian D) innominate E) external jugular - c 127) The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic - e 128) The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) innominate vein. D) subclavian vein. E) azygos vein. - b 129) Each of the following is a component of the cerebral arterial circle except the ________ artery. A) anterior communicating B) anterior cerebral C) posterior communicating D) posterior cerebral E) basilar - e 130) An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. A) internal carotid B) external carotid C) mental D) azygos E) maxillary - a 131) Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. A) vertebral B) azygos C) innominate D) internal jugular E) external jugular - d 132) Which of the following contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein? A) internal iliac B) small saphenous and great saphenous C) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular D) peroneal and popliteal E) great saphenous and posterior tibial - c 133) Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drains into a(n) A) plantar vein. B) dorsal venous arch. C) small saphenous vein. D) peroneal vein. E) iliac vein. - b 134) Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the ________ vein(s). A) small saphenous B) great saphenous C) posterior tibial D) small saphenous and great saphenous E) posterior tibial and great saphenous - d 135) At the knee, the small saphenous, tibial, and fibular veins unite to form the ________ vein. A) femoral B) popliteal C) external iliac D) internal iliac E) inferior vena cava - b 136) When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ________ vein. A) femoral B) deep femoral C) internal iliac D) external iliac E) lumbar - a 137) The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein. A) internal iliac B) external iliac C) common iliac D) inferior vena cava E) azygos - b 138) Which of the following veins empty directly into the inferior vena cava? A) left gonadal B) hepatic portal C) azygos D) left adrenal E) Renal - e 139) The two common iliac veins form the A) femoral vein. B) greater saphenous vein. C) inferior vena cava. D) hepatic portal vein. E) innominate vein. - c E) multiple sclerosis - d 11) Points where a muscular artery can be compressed against a bone to control severe bleeding are called A) decompression points. B) palpation points. C) diastolic points. D) regulation points. E) pressure points. - e 12) Arterioles feed blood into A) arteriovenous anastomoses. B) thoroughfare channels. C) arches. D) capillaries. E) venules. - d 13) A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery. A) aneurysm B) stroke C) vascular edema D) arteriosclerosis E) atherosclerosis - a 14) ________ form elaborate capillary networks within tissues that allow for very slow blood flow. A) Varicosities B) Sinusoids C) Foramina D) Portal systems E) Perfusion centers - b 15) Venules feed blood into A) capillaries. B) vena cavae. C) veins. D) venous reserves. E) arterioles - c 16) After the precapillary arteriole, blood enters a(n) A) venule. B) anastomosis. C) precapillary sphincter. D) capillary bed. E) thoroughfare channel. - e 17) The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as A) severe combined constriction. B) vasomotion. C) vasoconstriction. D) total peripheral resistance. E) systemic resistance. - d 18) The pressure difference between the base of the aorta and the right atrium is the ________ pressure. A) systemic B) systolic C) pulse D) mean arterial E) circulatory - e 19) The process of decrease in vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called A) vasodilation. B) vasomotion. C) vasoconstriction. D) vasopressin. E) vasodecrease. - c 20) ________ vessels conduct fluid from the interstitial space back to the venous system. A) Capillary B) Circulatory C) Lymphatic D) Tissue E) Interstitial - c 21) The term ________ refers to the pressure in the arterial side of the circulatory system. A) pulse pressure B) arterial pressure C) atrial pressure D) blood pressure E) colloid osmotic pressure - d 22) The regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed is called A) autoregulation. B) hormonal regulation. C) hemoregulation. D) vasoregulation. E) neuroregulation. - a 23) The blood vessel that carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the ________ artery. A) axillary B) subclavian C) brachial D) acromial E) brachiocephalic - b 24) The blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck is the ________ artery. A) brachiocephalic B) vertebral C) subclavian D) common carotid E) cervical - d 25) The bronchial arteries branch from the ________ to supply the lung airways. A) pulmonary arteries B) thoracic aorta C) pulmonary veins D) pleural arteries E) brachiocephalic trunk - b 26) The blood vessels that supply blood to structures within the mediastinum other than the heart and pericardium are the ________ arteries. A) azygos B) thoracic C) pleural D) mediastinal - d 27) The common carotid artery divides to form the ________ and ________ carotid arteries. A) superficial; deep B) medial; lateral C) inner; outer D) superior; inferior E) internal; external - e 28) The blood vessel that supplies venous blood to the liver is the A) celiac artery. B) inferior mesenteric vein. C) hepatic portal vein. D) gastric vein. E) superior mesenteric artery. - c 29) The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the A) celiac artery. B) inferior mesenteric vein. C) hepatic portal vein. D) gastric vein. E) superior mesenteric artery. - A) vertebral artery. B) abdominal aorta. C) sacral artery. D) coccygeal artery. E) lumbar artery. - e 43) The larger of the two branches of the common iliac artery is the ________ artery. A) superficial iliac B) deep iliac C) external iliac D) internal iliac - c 44) The branch of the common iliac artery that enters the pelvic cavity is the ________ artery. A) superficial iliac B) deep iliac C) external iliac D) internal iliac - d 45) At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the ________ artery. A) dorsalis pedis B) plantar arch C) dorsal arch D) posterior tibial E) tarsal - a 46) The ________ receives all the venous blood from the kidney. A) inferior vena cava B) renal vein C) adrenal vein D) perirenal vein E) hepatic portal vein - b 47) The ________ receives blood from the adrenal gland. A) inferior vena cava B) renal vein C) adrenal vein D) perirenal vein E) hepatic portal vein - c 48) The vessels that receive blood from the ovaries or testes are the A) gonadal veins. B) reproductive veins. C) inferior vena cavae. D) pelvic veins. E) pubic veins - a 49) Blood is drained from the liver by the A) inferior vena cava. B) celiac trunk. C) hepatic vein. D) hepatic portal vein. E) both the hepatic vein and the hepatic portal vein. - c 50) The ________ receives blood from the diaphragm. A) pleural vein B) phrenic vein C) inferior vena cava D) celiac trunk E) inferior mesenteric vein - b 51) Blood returns from the gallbladder by way of the ________ vein. A) hepatic B) hepatic portal C) biliary D) cystic E) azygos - d 52) Arteries that supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ________ artery. A) popliteal B) femoral C) calcaneal D) tibial E) dorsalis pedis - d 53) The vessel that collects blood from the superficial structures of the head and neck is the ________ vein. A) external carotid B) internal carotid C) external jugular D) internal jugular E) All of the answers are correct. - c 54) The cervical region of the spinal cord is drained by the ________ vein. A) vertebral B) azygos C) external jugular D) internal jugular E) brachiocephalic - a 55) Blood from the brain is drained by the ________ vein. A) external carotid B) internal carotid C) external jugular D) internal jugular E) All of the answers are correct - d 56) The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the ________ vein. A) cephalic B) basilic C) brachial D) median cubital E) ulnar - d 57) The ________ vein ascends along the ulnar side of the forearm. A) cephalic B) basilic C) brachial D) median cubital E) ulnar - d 58) The ________ vein ascends along the radial side of the forearm. A) cephalic B) basilic C) brachial D) median cubital E) ulnar - a 59) Blood from the medial border of the stomach is drained by the A) celiac trunk. B) gastric vein. C) superior mesenteric vein. D) inferior mesenteric vein. E) inferior vena cava. - b 60) Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the A) celiac trunk. B) gastric vein. C) superior mesenteric vein. D) inferior mesenteric vein. E) inferior vena cava. - d 61) Veins from the spleen, pancreas, and internal border of the stomach unite to form the A) celiac trunk. B) hepatic portal vein. C) splenic vein. D) gastric vein. E) superior mesenteric vein. -