Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Test Bank, Exams of Advanced Education

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Anatomy and physiology

chapter 1 test bank

Directly causes mechanical motion - Muscular Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses - Nervous Provides support and levers for muscles to work on - Skeletal Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D - integumentary Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones - endocrine delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues - cardiovascular produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances - immune removes and filters excess fluid from tissues - Lymphatic Blood glucose levels - negative feedback blood pressure - negative feedback blood clotting - positive feedback Delivering a baby - positive feedback Arteries, veins, heart - cardiovascular

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli - Respiratory Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary - Endocrine Esophagus, large intestine, rectum - Digestive Kidneys, bladder, ureters - Urinary Stomach - abdominopelvic heart - Thoracic Uterus - abdominopelvic Brain - Cranial Lungs - Thoracic Arm - Branchial Buttock - Gluteal Head - Cephalic Knee ( anterior aspect) - Patellar chest - thoracic

The bridge of the nose is to the left of the eye - medial The upper arm is to the forearm - proximal The heart is to the stomach - superior The fingers are to the wrist - distal the stomach is to the spine - anterior Positive feedback mechanism tend to increase the original stimulus - TRUE imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues - TRUE the anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body - TRUE the elbow is proximal to the shoulder - False the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum - False a major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction - true the right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach - false lungs carry out an excretory function - true embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age

• False

a tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function - True it is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries so that its internal environmental remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it - True without some sort of negative feedback mechanism it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance - true regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanism have at least three interdependent components - true the epigastric region is located superior to the umbilical region - true Histology would be best defined as a study of - Tissues The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is? - gross anatomy an increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased building of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of - excretion of metabolic waste Average body temperature is - 37 degrees centigrade if you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, the that wall thermostat would be the - control center what is the main general focus of negative feedback - to maintain homeostasis what is the specific name for the hip region - coxal

an oblique cut is one that is cut - diagonally between the vertical and horizontal the heart lies in the cavity - pericardial the cavities housing the eye are called - orbital cavity a structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be an - organ ? cavities are spaces within joints - synovial which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life - decay which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind? - dorsal the single most abundant chemical substances of the body accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight is

• water what is the posterior side of the patella called - popliteal which of the following is true concerning feedback mechanism - negative feedback mechanism work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body the anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except - palms turned posteriorly a good example of positive feedback mechanism would be - enhancement of labor contractions which of the following describes a parasagittal plane - any parasagittal plane except for the median which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? - Intestines

the parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane - lining the thoracic cavity which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli - nervous choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched - cytology; study of structures in a particular region homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains - a relatively stable internal environment within limits. in which cavities are the lungs located - pleural, ventral and thoracic choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes - visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a persons brain? - MRI which of the following is not part of the dorsal cavity - thoracic cavity in which abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located? - left upper which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostasis imbalance - it is considered the cause of most diseases subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following - gross, regional, systematic and surface the term pollex refers to the - thumb the dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following - brain

the immune system is closely associated with the - lymphatic system one of the functional characteristics of life is irritability, this refers to - sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them which of the following are survival needs of the body - nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure and oxygen the anatomical position is used - as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body what is the vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right called - sagittal what is the vertical section through the body dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called - frontal which body cavity protects the nervous system - dorsal which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels - cardiovascular anatomy similar cells that have a common function are called - tissues what does the principle of complementarity of structures and functions mean - what a structure can do depends on its specific form or structure determines function the term that describes the back of the elbow is - olecranal the term that describes the heel region is - calcaneal

the elbow is to the wrist - proximal the cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organs of the hearing in the inner ear - middle ear ? is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems - physiology what is dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed - homeostasis which cavity contains the bladder some reproductive organs and the rectum - pelvic cavity what is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called - visceral ? physiology concerns urine production and kidney function - renal what broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells? - metabolism what is the function of the serous membranes - they act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls fully describe the anatomical position for the human body - the body is erect, arms hanging at the sides, palms forward and thumbs pointed away from the midline what does gross anatomy study - larger structures if the body that can be seen with the naked eye can lungs carry out excretory functions - yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete the higher we go up the mountains the greater the atmospheric pressure which causes a loss of oxygen. comment on this statement - this statement is backwards, the higher we go the less atmospheric pressure therefore less oxygen

why is anatomical terminology necessary - anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage which prevents confusion when describing the location of body parts the five cavities of the head are cranial, oral, nasal, middle ear, and? - orbital the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called - irritability what is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body - water why must a body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reaction to be continued at life- sustaining rates? - if body temperature is too low chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If body temperature is too high chemical reaction speed up and body proteins lose their normal shape, resulting in loss of function what is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called - afferent pathway what type of homeostasis feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex - negative why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable in an automobile accident - the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not reinforced by bone. the pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the bony pelvis what is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanism of the body - the goal is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its original value or range - positive feedback what can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanism are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanism take over - homeostasis imbalances increase our risk for illness and produce the changes we associate with aging

which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure - respiratory system