Anatomy and Physiology II Exam II Final Exam Updated 2023-2024 Latest Version, Exams of Nursing

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Anatomy and Physiology II Exam II Final Exam

Updated 2 023 - 2024 Latest Version

All the following are functions of the hypothalamus except: A.) Maintain homeostasis B.) Controls the pituitary gland C.) Links the nervous and endocrine systems Relays sensory impulses D.) RELAYS SENSORY IMPULSES TO THE cerebrum ---------- Correct Answer --------- Relays Sensory Impulses to the cerebrum Alzheimer's disease impacts which region(s) of the brain? 1.)Occipital lobe 2.)Frontal lobe 3.)Parietal lobe 4.)Hippocampus 5.)All the above ---------- Correct Answer --------- all the above Describe how memories are stored and retrieved in the brain. Include a specific brain region. ---------- Correct Answer --------- Memories are stored throughout the cerebral hemispheres. The hippocampus acts as a memory center to help with memory storage and retrieval. If someone sustains an injury to the area of the spinal cord, as shown below by the blue oval, would you be more likely to see paralysis or decreased sensation? Explain your answer. ---------- Correct Answer --------- You would be more likely to see paralysis b/c motor neurons exit the spinal cord anteriorly. If you were hiking in the woods and came across a mountain lion, which division of your nervous system would have increased activity? Explain your answer. ---------- Correct Answer --------- The sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic nervous system activates our "flight or fight" response. Increasing our respiratory rate and heart rate. Label the following spinal cord regions in the diagram below: 1: _____________________ 3: _____________________ 4: _____________________ 6: _____________________ 11: ____________________ ---------- Correct Answer --------- 1: Lateral Column

3: Gray Commissure 4: Anterior Column 6: Anterior/Ventral Horn 11: Ventral Root Label the nerves (A-C) in the figure below: A: _________________ B: _________________ C: _________________ ---------- Correct Answer --------- A- Lateral femoral cutaneous B- Femoral nerve C- Saphenous One of your patients sustained an ischemic CVA. You notice that their gait is very unsteady. It almost appears as if they are intoxicated. What portion of the brain was most likely affected by the stroke? Explain your answer. ---------- Correct Answer --------- The cerebellum was most likely affected as it is responsible for coordinating body movements including gait. The _____ fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres ---------- Correct Answer --------- Medial longitudinal The ______ fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. ---------- Correct Answer --------- Transverse The sacral plexus is formed from spinal nerves: ---------- Correct Answer --------- L04- S These contain the ganglia for the parasympathetic nervous system that target the intrinsic eye muscles to change the diameter of the pupil. ---------- Correct Answer --------

• Ciliary ganglion This cranial nerve controls the inferior oblique muscle. ---------- Correct Answer --------- Oculomotor This cranial nerve has three branches. ---------- Correct Answer --------- Trigeminal This cranial nerve is responsible for taste on the anterior portion of the tongue. ---------- Correct Answer --------- facial This cranial nerve is responsible for taste on the posterior portion of the tongue. ---------- Correct Answer --------- Glossopharyngeal This cranial nerve receives sensory information for smell. ---------- Correct Answer --------
• olfactory

This is the most superficial layer of the brain meninges. ---------- Correct Answer --------- Dura mater (menix) This layer of the meninges is tightly attached to the brain. ---------- Correct Answer ------- -- Pia Mater A patient comes into the ER following an accident. She is scared and starting to hyperventilate. You talk with her in a calm, reassuring manner as she receives medical care. You are trying to increase the activity in which division of her nervous system? Explain your answer. ---------- Correct Answer --------- We are trying to increase the activity of her parasympathetic nervous systems. This systems slows the heart rate so that the individual can become calm and functional. A patient damaged the radial nerve. What action is most likely limited? ---------- Correct Answer --------- wrist extension A patient has decreased hand strength in her right hand. She also has numbness in her first three digits. What is most likely the cause? ---------- Correct Answer --------- carpal tunnel syndrome A patient has decreased hand strength in her right hand. She also has numbness in her first three digits. What is most likely the cause? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Carpal tunnel syndrome a patient has decreased sensation over the posterior surface of the thigh. What nerve is most likely damaged? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Sciatic A patient is having difficulty producing speech sounds, but other motor movements are normal. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged? ---------- Correct Answer --- ------ brocas area A patient is having difficulty understanding language but is still able to speak fluently. The patient's dermatomes are intact. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged? -- -------- Correct Answer --------- Wernicks area A patient is on a ventilator post a car accident. What nerve is most likely damaged? ----- ----- Correct Answer --------- Phrenic A patient is on a ventilator post a car accident. What region of the spine is most likely damaged? ---------- Correct Answer - -------- C03-C A patient is unable to extend his fourth and fifth digits when asked to open his hand. What is most likely the cause? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Ulnar nerve damage This region of the brain acts to coordinate multiple sources of sensory

information. ---------- Correct Answer --------- association area This region of the brain controls decision making skills ---------- Correct Answer --------- Frontal lobe This region of the brain controls decision making skills. ---------- Correct Answer --------- frontal lobe This ventricle is located anterior to the cerebellum. ---------- Correct Answer --------- FOURTH Use the figure below to answer the following questions. Answer by writing the letter (A-J) from the figure that corresponds with the correct cranial nerve.

1. This cranial nerve receives sensory information for smell.
2. This cranial nerve controls the inferior oblique muscle.
3. This cranial nerve has three branches.
4. This cranial nerve is responsible for taste on the anterior portion of the tongue.
5. This cranial nerve is responsible for taste on the posterior portion of the tongue. ------- --- Correct Answer --------- 1. A. (Olfactory)
6. C. (Oculomotor)
7. D. (Trigeminal)
8. F. (Facial)
9. H. (Glossopharyngeal) What cranial nerve is highlighted in blue (also indicated by the arrow) in the figure below? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Abducens What cranial nerve is highlighted in blue (also indicated by the arrow) in the figure below? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Oculomotor What is muscle tone and how is it maintained? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Muscle tone is the degree at which muscles remain partially contracted while at rest. & maintained by the cerebellum to keep bones and joints in place. What is the largest part of the brain? ---------- Correct Answer --------- cerebrum What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier? Describe its maintenance from a cellular level. ---------- Correct Answer --------- to diffuse and prevent some particles from entering the CNS tissue and allowing the brain and spinal cord to from general blood circulation. What type of nerve is the cranial nerve below and what does it control? (Highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow) ---------- Correct Answer --------

• mixed: facial muscles and taste

What type of nerve is the cranial nerve below and what does it control? (Highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow) ---------- Correct Answer --------- Motor: Shoulder movement What type of nerve is the cranial nerve below and what does it control? (Highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow) ---------- Correct Answer --------- Mixed: facial muscles and taste Which of the following is false concerning a CVA? ---------- Correct Answer --------- an ischemic stroke is also known as a "brain bleed" Which of the following is false concerning the cerebellum ---------- Correct Answer --------

• The cerebellar peduncles are located posteriorly. Which of the following is false concerning the parasympathetic nervous system? ---------- Correct Answer --------- acts to increase heart rate Which of the following is false concerning the sympathetic nervous system? ---------- Correct Answer --------- It is also called the craniosacral division. Which of the following is most likely a symptom of ALS? ---------- Correct Answer --------- Impaired ability to swallow Which of the following is most likely a symptom of ALS? ---------- Correct Answer --------- impaired ability to swallow Which of the following is true about the trigeminal nerve? ---------- Correct Answer --------
• the maxillary branch receives info from the upper lip Which of the following is true concerning a CVA? ---------- Correct Answer --------- A hemorrhagic stroke is due to a broken blood vessel. Which of the following is true concerning the brachial plexus? ---------- Correct Answer -- ------- There are anterior and posterior divisions Which of the following is true concerning the cerebellum? ---------- Correct Answer ------- -- the anterior lobe receives info from the body trunk Which of the following is true concerning the lumbar plexus? ---------- Correct Answer --- ------ The anterior division forms the femoral nerve. (F) Which statement is false concerning the brainstem? ---------- Correct Answer --------- The midbrain helps to regulate breathing. Which statement is false concerning the midbrain? ---------- Correct Answer --------- The midbrain portion the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord