Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank #1 exam 1, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank #1 exam 1 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank #1 exam 1 Which term describes the study of the functions of body structures? - Physiology Which term defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function? - Tissue Which term refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body? - Metabolism List the basic processes of life. - The basic processes of life include metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction. The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the - nervous and endocrine systems. Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues and directly affects the proper functioning of cells? - Interstitial fluid Describe the differences between positive and negative feedback systems. - A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions while a negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition. Which feedback system structure receives output from the control center? - Effector Which feedback system structure provides input to the control center? - Receptor A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be: - Childbirth Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or measured by a clinician are referred to as - signs. Describe the anatomical position. - In the anatomical position, the subject stands erect facing the observer with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward and the arms are at the sides with the palms turned forward. The lungs are located in the - pleural cavity. Which cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity? - Pelvic Cavity Which cavity contains the heart? - Pericardial Cavity The function of the secretions of a serous membrane, like the pleura, is to - reduce friction between neighboring organs. Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves? - Midsagittal Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? - Frontal A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into - superior and inferior portions. Which directional term means farther from the midline? - Lateral Which directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure? - Distal Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is _____________ to the liver. - superior Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The sternum is _____________ to the heart. - anterior Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity? - Diaphragm Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow? - Antecubital Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the ear? - Otic Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the great toe? - Hallux Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the thumb? - Pollex The section shown in (c) results from cutting through a ___________ plane extending through the brain? - transverse The section shown in (b) results from cutting through a ________ plane extending through the brain? - frontal Which cavity contains the small intestine? - D Which cavity contains the liver? - D Which cavity contains the spinal cord? - B Which cavity contains the internal organs of reproduction? - E What is the name of the serous membrane in closest proximity to the lungs? - Visceral Pleura What is the name of the outer layer of the serous membrane that surrounds the heart? - Parietal Pericardium Which region is the epigastric region? - A Which region is the hypogastric region? - C Which radiographs were obtained using low-dose x-rays? - A and B Discuss the importance of body fluids and which one is considered to be the body's internal environment. - An important aspect of homeostasis is maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids, which are dilute, watery solutions containing the dissolved substances needed to sustain life. The fluid within cells is intracellular fluid (ICF) and the fluid found outside of cells is extracellular fluid (ECF). The ECF consists of interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, and vitreous. The ECF called interstitial fluid, which is the fluid found in the narrow spaces between cells and tissues, is also known as the body's internal environment. This is due to the fact that the proper functioning of body cells depends of precise regulation of the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding them. Which of the following is an example of the basic life processes called growth? 1. Muscle Contraction 2. Digestion of Proteins 3. Lifting weights and Gaining muscle mass 4. Mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen - 3 and 4 Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of - responsiveness. During a visit to your doctor, you complain about headache and nausea. These changes in your body functions are considered to be - symptoms. An embryonic stem cell undergoes _____ to become a neuron. - differentiation Which of the following describes a body process that is controlled using a positive feedback loop? - Increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch. Which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure? - Brain Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a negative feedback system? - Usually requires an event outside the feedback system to shut it off. Which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body? - Organism Level Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic type of tissues found in the human body? - Necrotic Tissue Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest? - Organism-Organ System-Organ-Tissue-Cellular-Chemical Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position? - Palm of the Hand Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy? - Ultrasound Scanning Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which of the following types of medical imaging? - Low-Dose Radiography