Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank, Exams of Nursing

Download Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Anatomy and Physiology Test Bank #1 exam 1 Which term describes the study of the functions of body structures? ANSWER>>>>Physiology Which term defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function? ANSWER>>>>Tissue Which term refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body? ANSWER>>>>Metabolism List the basic processes of life. ANSWER>>>>The basic processes of life include metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction. The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the ANSWER>>>>nervous and endocrine systems. Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues and directly affects the proper functioning of cells? ANSWER>>>>Interstitial fluid Describe the differences between positive and negative feedback systems. ANSWER>>>>A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions while a negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition. Which feedback system structure receives output from the control center? ANSWER>>>>Effector Which feedback system structure provides input to the control center? ANSWER>>>>Receptor A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be: ANSWER>>>>Childbirth Objective changes in a patient's normal body function that can be directly observed or measured by a clinician are referred to as ANSWER>>>>signs. Describe the anatomical position. ANSWER>>>>In the anatomical position, the subject stands erect facing the observer with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward and the arms are at the sides with the palms turned forward. The lungs are located in the ANSWER>>>>pleural cavity. Which cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity? ANSWER>>>>Pelvic Cavity Which cavity contains the heart? ANSWER>>>>Pericardial Cavity The function of the secretions of a serous membrane, like the pleura, is to ANSWER>>>>reduce friction between neighboring organs. Name the structural levels of the body and briefly describe each level. ANSWER>>>>The chemical level consists of atoms and molecules. The cellular level consists of cells which are the smallest form of life. The tissue level consists of groups of cells that work to provide a single function. The organ level consists of organs, constructed from different types of tissue that can provide several different specific functions. The organ systems consist of one or more organs that are interlinked in general functions. The organism is made up of all the organ systems, which work to provide homeostasis. List and briefly describe the six basic life processes. ANSWER>>>>The six basic life processes include: 1. Metabolism is the sum of all chemical processes in the body. 2. Responsiveness is the body's ability to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli. 3. Movement includes motions that range from movements within individual cells to movement of the entire body. 4. Growth means an increase in body size or an increase in the number of cells. 5. Differentiation is the process that converts a cell from unspecialized to specialized. 6. Reproduction refers to formation of new cells for growth and repair or production of a new individual. Describe a feedback system and list its general components. ANSWER>>>>A feedback loop is a cycle of events in which the status of the body condition is monitored, evaluated and changed to maintain homeostasis. A feedback system will include a receptor that detects stimuli, a control center that receives the input from the receptor and generates an output, and an effector that receives the output and produces a response. Which of the following noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection? ANSWER>>>>Examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash. Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the functional properties of nerve cells? ANSWER>>>>Neurophysiology Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the chemical regulators in the blood? ANSWER>>>>Endocrinology Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of functional changes associated with disease and aging? ANSWER>>>>Pathophysiology Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of the body's defense against disease-causing agents? ANSWER>>>>Immunology Which subspecialty of anatomy deals with the study of structural changes associated with disease? ANSWER>>>>Pathological Anatomy Which of the following anatomical terms refer to the groin? ANSWER>>>>Inguinal Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the front of the elbow? ANSWER>>>>Antecubital Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the ear? ANSWER>>>>Otic Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the great toe? ANSWER>>>>Hallux Which of the following anatomical terms refers to the thumb? ANSWER>>>>Pollex The section shown in (c) results from cutting through a ___________ plane extending through the brain? ANSWER>>>>transverse The section shown in (b) results from cutting through a ________ plane extending through the brain? ANSWER>>>>frontal Which cavity contains the small intestine? ANSWER>>>>D Which cavity contains the liver? ANSWER>>>>D Which cavity contains the spinal cord? ANSWER>>>>B Which cavity contains the internal organs of reproduction? ANSWER>>>>E What is the name of the serous membrane in closest proximity to the lungs? ANSWER>>>>Visceral Pleura What is the name of the outer layer of the serous membrane that surrounds the heart? ANSWER>>>>Parietal Pericardium