Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Test Bank: Comprehensive Questions and Answers, Exams of Anatomy

Download Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Test Bank: Comprehensive Questions and Answers and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 Test Bank | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 With 100% Verified Solutions which describes the study of the functions of body structures? a. anatomy b. physiology c. endocrinology d. histology e. immunology - ✔✔b. physiology a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function is a(n) a. tissue b. organ c. molecules d. compounds e. organism - ✔✔a. tissue what process occurs when amino acids build new proteins (select all that apply): a. metabolism b. anabolism c. catabolism d. responsiveness e. differentiation - ✔✔a. metabolism & b. anabolism how are reproduction, differentiation, & growth related? - ✔✔reproduction occurs through the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm cell to form a zygote, followed by repeated cell divisions & the differentiation of these cells. growth is an increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase, in the number of cells, or both. the two organ systems that predominantly regulate & maintain homeostasis are the a. cardiovascular & integumentary systems b. nervous & endocrine systems c. cardiovascular & respiratory systems d. respiratory & muscular systems e. urinary & integumentary systems - ✔✔b. nervous & endocrine systems which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells & tissues? a. lymph b. blood plasma c. interstitial fluid e. vitreous body - ✔✔c. interstitial fluid describe the differences between positive & negative feedback systems - ✔✔a positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the bodies controlled conditions while a negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center to the a. receptors b. stimulus c. afferent pathway d. effectors e. efferent pathway - ✔✔d. effectors a component that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the a. receptor b. muscle c. response d. effector - ✔✔a. receptor d. oblique plane e. midsagittal plane - ✔✔b. parasagittal plane cutting the body in half at the diaphragm, would create the thoracic cavity & the abdominopelvic cavity. what plane would create these halves? a. frontal b. sagittal c. transverse d. oblique e. midsagittal - ✔✔c. transverse when holding your arms out to the side at shoulder level, your fingers are _________ from your midline a. medial b. anterior c. proximal d. posterior e. lateral - ✔✔e. lateral when you fingers touch your shoulder, they are considered __________ from the shoulder a. proximal b. contralateral c. lateral d. superficial e. distal - ✔✔e. distal choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. the heart is ___________ to the liver a. inferior b. anterior c. contralateral d. superior e. superficial - ✔✔d. superior choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. the sternum is ___________ to the heart a. posterior b. anterior c. inferior d. superior e. lateral - ✔✔b. anterior in the figure, the ascending colon & gallbladder are considered ____________ to each other a. ipsilateral b. contralateral c. lateral d. distal e. posterior - ✔✔a. ipsilateral which two organs in the diagram are in the abdominal cavity? select all that apply a. liver b. stomach c. lung d. heart e. transverse colon - ✔✔a. liver & b. stomach & e. transverse colon in the diagram, the femoral area is ______________ to the cervical area a. superior b. inferior c. medial d. proximal e. posterior - ✔✔b. inferior in the diagram, the calcaneal is _______________ to the popliteal region a. ipsilateral b. contralateral c. superior d. anterior e. medial - ✔✔b. contralateral the ribs are _____________ to the sternum a. lateral b. medial c. proximal d. distal e. superior - ✔✔a. lateral the stomach is _______________ to the urinary bladder a. lateral b. medial c. distal d. inferior e. superior - ✔✔e. superior which subspecialty of physiology deals w/ the effects of hormones control of reproduction? a. endocrinology b. cardiovascular physiology c. neurophysiology d. immunology e. pathophysiology - ✔✔a. endocrinology If one was reviewing the pattern of tissue changes associated with disease development, they would be studying a. exercise physiology b. renal physiology c. pathological anatomy d. cardiovascular physiology e. immunology - ✔✔c. pathological anatomy an antigen is anything that can cause an immune response. which subspecialty of physiology deals w/ the study of these responses? a. exercise physiology b. renal physiology c. pathophysiology d. cardiovascular physiology e. immunology - ✔✔e. immunology if a doctor listens to a gurgling noise w/in the GI tract, they are performing a. inspection b. palpation c. percussion d. ausculation - ✔✔d. ausculation if someone receives CPR, compressions will be performed on the ______________ area a. pelvic b. umbilical c. sternal d. otic e. inguinal - ✔✔c. sternal blood is often drawn from the front of the elbow or the _____________ marking a. olecranal b. antecubital c. carpal d. digital e. antebrachial - ✔✔b. antecubital swimmers ear is an infection in the outer ear canal. what anatomical term refers to the area infected? a. otic b. orbital c. ocular d. oral e. occipital - ✔✔a. otic bunions are awful painful, pressure-sensitive areas that lead to displacement of the big toe. what term refers to the big toe? a. pollex b. tarsal c. hallux d. pedal e. carpal - ✔✔c. hallux abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis are muscles that help move what anatomical marking? a. pollex b. tarsal c. hallux d. volar e. carpal - ✔✔a. pollex the section shown in (C) results from cutting through a ______________ plane extending through the brain? a. frontal b. sagittal c. oblique d. midsagittal e. transverse - ✔✔e. transverse the section shown in (B) results form cutting through a _______________ plane extending through the brain? a. frontal b. sagittal c. oblique d. midsagittal e. transverse - ✔✔a. frontal which cavity contains the urinary bladder? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E - ✔✔e. E e. B & E - ✔✔a. A & B discuss the importance of body fluids & which one is considered to be the body's internal environment - ✔✔an important aspect of homeostasis is maintaining the volume & composition of body fluids, which are dilute, watery solutions containing the dissolved substances needed to sustain life. the fluid w/in cells is intracellular fluid (ICF) & the fluid found outside of cells is extracellular fluid (ECF). the ECF consists of interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, & vitreous. the ECF called interstitial fluid, which is the fluid found in the narrow spaces between cells & tissues, is also known as the body's internal environment. this is due to the fact that the proper functioning of body cells depends on precise regulation of the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding them. which examples exhibit the basic life process of growth? a. muscle contraction b. digestion of proteins c. lifting weights & gaining muscle mass d. mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen - ✔✔c. lifting weights & gaining muscle mass d. mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of ______________; itching the mosquito bite is an example of _______________. dropdown choices: a. differentiation b. growth c. movement d. reproduction e. responsiveness - ✔✔1) e. responsiveness 2) c. movement during a visit to your doctor, you complain about headache & anxiety. these changes in your body functions are considered a. signs b. symptoms c. receptors d. controlled condition e. responsiveness - ✔✔b. symptoms _____________ occurs when an embryonic stem cell becomes a neuron a. catabolism b. growth c. reproduction d. anabolism e. differentiation - ✔✔e. differentiation which body process is controlled using a positive feedback loop (select all that apply)? a. decreasing blood calcium in response to elevate blood calcium b. decreasing body temperature in response to elevated body temperature c. decreasing blood glucose in response to elevated blood glucose d. increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch e. decreasing heart rate in response to elevated blood pressure f. depolarization causes sodium channels to open & the opening of sodium channels causes the membrane to depolarize - ✔✔d. increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch & f. depolarization causes sodium channels to open & the opening of sodium channels causes the membrane to depolarize which organ contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure? a. skin b. arteries c. brain d. heart e. pituitary gland - ✔✔c. brain what are common characteristics of a negative feedback system (select all that apply)? a. regulates conditions in body that remain fairly stable over long periods b. a self-amplifying cycle where a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction c. important in mainting homeostasis d. involves control centers in the nervous or endocrine stimulus e. stimulate changes that reverse the direction of the stimulus f. rate of a process increases as the concentration of the product increases - ✔✔a. regulates conditions in body that remain fairly stable over long periods & c. important in mainting homeostasis & d. involves control centers in the nervous or endocrine stimulus & e. stimulate changes that reverse the direction of the stimulus place the following levels of organization from the most complex to the simplest level of organization a. chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organismal level, organ level b. chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organismal level c. cellular level, tissue level, organ level, chemical level, organismal level d. chemical level, organ level, cellular level, tissue level, organismal level - ✔✔b. chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organismal level which tissue will form the top layer of the skin? a. epithelial tissue b. connective tissue c. muscular tissue d. necrotic tissue e. nervous tissue - ✔✔a. epithelial tissue based on the correct levels of organization, why is the skin considered an organ? c. lines the wall of the chest cavity - ✔✔1) a. adheres to the outside of the heart 2) b. lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity 3) c. lines the wall of the chest cavity in negative feedback, the ____________ monitors the controlled condition. input about the controlled condition is sent to the _______________, which evaluates the information received & compares it to the controlled conditions set point. if needed, a(n) _______________ will cause a change to the controlled condition. homeostasis helps maintain controlled conditions at a(n) _______________, which is the ideal range. drop down choises a. control center b. effector c. receptor d. set point - ✔✔1) c. receptor 2) a. control center 3) b. effector 4) d. set point place the events in correct order A: input about the controlled condition is sent to the control center. B: if needed, the control center sends output to an effector. C: effector can produce a response that helps maintain homeostasis. D: receptor monitors a controlled condition E-control center evaluates the value of the controlled condition compared to the set point. a. A, E, D, B, C b. D, A, E, B, C c. A, D, E, C, B d. D, E, B, A, C - ✔✔b. D, A, E, B, C the nose is ____to the eyes. the ears are _____to the eyes. the scapula is _____to the sternum. the antecubital is __________to the olecranal marking. drop down choices a. anterior b. lateral c. medial d. posterior - ✔✔1) c. medial 2) b. lateral 3) d. posterior 4) a. anterior during a cadaver lab, the professor requests the students to cut the head w/ a transverse plane/a coronal plane. describe the results a. the student will have two halves, right & left b. the student will have two halves, superior & inferior c. the student will have two halves, anterior & posterior d. student will have four parts; divided vertically into anterior & posterior, & superior & inferior e. the student will have four parts; divided into right & left, & anterior and posterior - ✔✔d. student will have four parts; divided vertically into anterior & posterior, & superior & inferior during sexual intercourse, stimulation leads to an increase in arousal & sexual behavior. this in turn leads to increased stimulation, until climax is reached & orgasm takes place. this is an example of a. positive feedback b. negative feedback - ✔✔a. positive feedback hydrochloric acid & pepsin are enzymes secreted by cells in your stomach to digest proteins. the presence of partially digested protein in the stomach triggers the secretion of more HCl and pepsin. thus, once digestion begins, it becomes a self-accelerating process. this is an example of a. positive feedback b. negative feedback - ✔✔a. positive feedback when the body is in correct anatomical position, the upper appendages are _______to the heart. the 3rd digit is __________to the 2nd and 4th digit. the 5th digit is ________to the 1st digit. drop down choices a. lateral b. medial c. intermediate d. inferior e. superficial - ✔✔1) a. lateral 2) c. intermediate 3) b. medial if you eat a funnel cake, the following (simplified) events will occur: glucose from carbohydrates is absorbed in the intestine & level of glucose in blood rises. blood glucose levels rise and stimulates beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin; while simultaneously inhibiting alpha cells release of glucagon. insulin has a major effect of facilitating the movement of glucose into many cells, (i.e. liver); as a result, blood glucose levels fall. when blood glucose levels drop, the stimulus for insulin release disappears & insulin is no longer secreted. what type of feedback is occurring? ______________ what is the stimulus? ________________ what are the receptors? ______________ what is the output? ________________ - ✔✔1) negative 2) increased glucose levels in blood 3) beta cells 4) insulin