Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, Exams of Anatomy

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Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function

Chapter 13 (Saladin 7th edition) Questions & Answers A+

This spinal cord tract carries information about position and movement of the lower extremities to the brain.

A) tectospinal

B) cuneate fasciculus

C) spinothalamic

D) gracile fasciculus - ANS-D) gracile fasciculus

During childbirth, some women receive anesthetics injected into which of the following spaces to block pain signals from the pelvic region?

A) epidural space

B) subdural space

C) fourth ventricle

D) central canal - ANS-A) epidural space

Which of the following tracts carries sensory information from temperature receptors?

A) spinothalamic tract

B) dorsal spinocerebellar tract

C) cuneate fasciculus

D) gracile fasciculus - ANS-A) spinothalamic tract

Which of the following tracts conveys motor signals to limb muscles maintaining balance?

A) vestibulospinal tract

B) tectospinal tract

C) corticospinal tract

D) reticulospinal tract - ANS-A) vestibulospinal tract

This area of the meninges has many smaller blood vessels and closely adheres to the outer surface of the central nervous system.

A) dura mater

B) pia mater

C) arachnoid membrane

D) subarachnoid space - ANS-A) pia mater

The _______________ tracts carry sensory signals from the limb and trunk muscles to the cerebellum.

A) gracile fasciculus

B) cuneate fasciculus

C) spinothalamic

D) spinocerebellar

E) vestibulospinal - ANS-D) spinocerebellar

Sensory neurons enter the spinal nerve cord at the

A) anterior root.

B) ventral root.

C) gray commissure.

D) lateral horns. - ANS-B) ventral root.

This plexus has a motor branch that controls the diaphragm.

A) coccygeal

B) cervical

C) lumbar

D) brachial - ANS-B) cervical

This plexus has sensory fibers coming from the genitalia and motor fibers that control the quadriceps muscles.

A) coccygeal

B) sacral

C) lumbar

D) brachial

E) cervical - ANS-C) lumbar

The nerves that supply the upper limbs emerge from the spinal cord at the ___________ level.

A) medullary cone

B) cervical

C) thoracic

D) ventral - ANS-B) cervical

Which branch of each spinal nerve gives rise to the nerves of the extremities?

A) posterior ramus

B) posterior root

C) anterior ramus

D) anterior root - ANS-C) anterior ramus

This type of fiber innervates skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints.

A) somatic fiber

B) general fiber

C) special fiber

D) afferent fiber - ANS-A) somatic fiber

The ansa cervicalis nerve is a nerve of which plexus?

A) cervical

B) thoracic

C) sacral

D) lumbar - ANS-A) cervical

The brachial plexus innervates

A) arms and shoulders.

B) only the arm, but the whole arm.

C) the upper arm only.

D) the lower arm only. - ANS-A) arms and shoulders.

The sciatic nerve, which runs along the posterior surface of the body, exits the spinal cord as part of which plexus?

A) lumbar

B) sacral

C) cervical

D) coccygeal - ANS-B) sacral

Which of the following nerves is not mixed?

A) iliohypogastric nerve

B) tibial nerve

C) axillary nerve

D) great auricular nerve - ANS-D) great auricular nerve

Extrafusal fibers are innervated by

A) alpha motor neurons.

B) gamma motor neurons.

C) secondary afferent fibers.

D) primary afferent fibers. - ANS-A) alpha motor neurons.

Which of these could trigger the Golgi tendon reflex?

A) excessive stretching of a muscle or tendon

B) when some parts of a muscle contract more than others

C) when a muscle become flaccid due to spinal shock

D) Only A and B can trigger this reflex. - ANS-D) Only A and B can trigger this reflex.

The portions of the reflex arc in conduction sequence are

A) receptor > efferent nerve > interneuron > afferent nerve > muscle.

B) receptor > afferent nerve > interneuron > efferent nerve > muscle.

C) receptor > interneuron > efferent nerve > afferent nerve > muscle.

D) muscle > efferent nerve > interneuron > afferent nerve > receptor. - ANS-B) receptor > afferent nerve

interneuron > efferent nerve > muscle.

When the patellar reflex is elicited, the quadriceps muscles contract, but the hamstrings, their antagonists, relax. This relaxation is called

A) reciprocal inhibition.

B) polysynaptic.

C) crossed extension.

D) flexor withdrawal. - ANS-A) reciprocal inhibition

The upper motor neurons that control skeletal muscles begin with a soma in the __________.

a) posterior horn of the spinal cord

b) anterior horn of the spinal cord

c) precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

d) postcentral gyrus of the cerebrum - ANS-c) precentral gyrus of the cerebrum

Which of the following is not considered a region of the spinal cord?

a) Cervical

b) Thoracic

c) Lumbar

d) Pelvic - ANS-d) Pelvic

Which of the following fractures would be the least likely to cause a spinal cord injury?

a) A fracture of vertebra C

b) A fracture of vertebra L

c) A fracture of vertebra T

d) A fracture of vertebra T12 - ANS-b) A fracture of vertebra L

The middle layer of the meninges is called the __________.

a) gray matter

b) white matter

c) dura mater

d) arachnoid mater - ANS-d) arachnoid mater

Epidural anesthesia is introduced to the epidural space between the __________ to block pain signals during pregnancy.

a) dural sheath and dura mater

b) dural sheath and vertebral bones

c) dura mater and arachnoid mater

d) arachnoid mater and pia mater - ANS-b) dural sheath and vertebral bones

Cerebrospinal fluid fills the space between the __________.

a) dural sheath and dura mater

b) dural sheath and vertebral bones

c) dura mater and arachnoid mater

d) arachnoid mater and pia mater - ANS-d) arachnoid mater and pia mater

Which of the following structures is the richest in lipid content?

a) Gray matter

b) White matter

c) Arachnoid mater

d) Dura mater - ANS-b) White matter

A ganglion is a _________.

a) bundle of axons in the CNS

b) cluster of dendrites in either the CNS or the PNS

c) cluster of neurosomas in the PNS

d) bundle of axons in the PNS - ANS-c) cluster of neurosomas in the PNS

The connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle is called the __________.

a) myelin

b) perineurium

c) epineurium

d) endoneurium - ANS-b) perineurium

Which of the following is comprised of anterior rami from C5-T1?

a) Cervical plexus

b) Brachial plexus

c) Coccygeal plexus

d) Sacral plexus - ANS-b) Brachial plexus

The anterior rami of the spinal nerves form nerve plexuses in all regions except the _________ region.

a) thoracic

b) cervical

c) lumbar

d) sacral - ANS-a) thoracic

The cervical plexus is the origin of the __________ nerve(s).

a) oculomotor

b) sciatic

c) phrenic

d) radial - ANS-c) phrenic

Which of the following nerves originates in the lumbosacral plexus?

a) Axillary

b) Sciatic

c) Phrenic

d) Ilioinguinal - ANS-b) Sciatic

A mixed nerve consists of both __________ and ___________.

a) myelinated; unmyelinated fibers

b) glial cells; nerve cells

c) afferent; efferent fibers

d) association; integration neurons - ANS-c) afferent; efferent fibers

The bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 is called the __________.

a) medullary cone

b) cauda equina

c) lumbar enlargement

d) cervical enlargement - ANS-b) cauda equina

A __________ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous __________.

a) nerve fiber; nerves

b) nerve fiber; axons

c) nerve; axons

d) nerve fiber; neurosomas - ANS-c) nerve; axons

Which one of the following best describes the order of a somatic reflex?

a) Somatic receptor → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

b) Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → interneuron → afferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

c) Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

d) Somatic receptor → efferent nerve fiber → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → skeletal muscle - ANS-c) Somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → skeletal muscle

Which of the following is not a property of reflexes?

a) Reflex responses are very predictable.

b) Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

c) Reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.

d) Reflexes are not voluntary. - ANS-b) Reflexes do not require a stimulus.

A nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. You flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. This is called the __________ reflex.

a) painful

b) stretch

c) flexor (withdrawal)

d) tendon - ANS-c) flexor (withdrawal)

You go to the movies after a long day and you begin to nod off as soon as the movie starts. Your head starts to lower a little, but a reflex causes your head to rise. This is called the __________ reflex.

a) tendon

b) crossed extension

c) withdrawal

d) stretch (myotatic) - ANS-d) stretch (myotatic)

In the patellar tendon reflex arc, the patellar ligament is stretched, which stretches the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. This reflex will cause the quadriceps femoris to __________ and the hamstrings to __________.

a) contract; relax

b) contract; contract

c) relax; contract

d) relax; relax - ANS-a) contract; relax

A reflex in which the sensory input and motor output are on opposite sides of the spinal cord, is called a(n) _________ reflex arc.

a) intersegmental

b) contralateral

c) ipsilateral

d) polysynaptic - ANS-b) contralateral

Which of the following is contained within gray matter?

a) Glial cells, axons of motor neurons, and Schwann cells

b) Glial cells and myelinated fibers

c) Neurosomas, dendrites, and proximal parts of axons of neurons

d) The distal part of axons of lower order motor neurons - ANS-c) Neurosomas, dendrites, and proximal parts of axons of neurons

"Somatosensory" does not refer to sensory signals from __________.

a) bones and muscles

b) joints

c) proprioceptors

d) the viscera - ANS-d) the viscera

If a bee sting on the right thigh causes a quick involuntary reaction of the right arm, this would be an example of a(n) __________ reflex.

a) bilateral

b) intersegmental

c) withdrawal

d) crossed extensor - ANS-b) intersegmental

Which of the following is an ascending tract of the spinal cord?

a) Gracile fasciculus

b) Medial reticulospinal tract

c) Ventral corticospinal tract

d) Vestibulospinal tract - ANS-a) Gracile fasciculus

Which of the following groups of muscles has the most muscle spindles?

a) Muscles of the hand

b) Muscles of the back

c) Muscles of the thigh

d) Muscles of the middle-ear - ANS-a) Muscles of the hand

Reflex arcs that only use two neurons are called ____________ reflex arcs.

a) ipsilateral

b) contralateral

c) polysynaptic

d) monosynaptic - ANS-d) monosynaptic