Anatomy - Stott Pilates Exam Preparation: Questions and Answers, Exams of Anatomy

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Anatomy - Stott Pilates Exam Preparation

Questions with 100% Correct Answers.

Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot? - Correct answer Anterior: Dorsiflexors Posterior: Plantar Flexors Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot?

- Correct answer Lateral: Tibialis Peroneals What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - Correct answer dorsiflexing and inverting the foot. What is the function of the peroneas muscles? - Correct answer Primarily responsible for eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus tertius dorsiflexes it. What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - Correct answer The hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings. The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. - Correct answer Superior and inferior segments of the body The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. - Correct answer Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments. The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments - Correct answer Left and right segments Medial is a directional term for: - Correct answer Closest to the midline of the body. Lateral is a directional term for: - Correct answer Away from the midline of the body

Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body. - Correct answer closer Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - Correct answer away Superior is a directional term for: - Correct answer above or towards the head Inferior is a directional term for: - Correct answer Below or away from the head Anterior refers to - Correct answer front of the body Posterior refers to - Correct answer back of the body Superficial refers to - Correct answer towards the surface of the skin / outer most layer Deep refers to - Correct answer inside the body (internal) Spinal flexion moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. - Correct answer anterior surfaces of the body towards each other. Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. - Correct answer anterior surfaces of the body away from each other. Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction? - Correct answer Side to side Rotational movements happen around which central point? - Correct answer The axis of the spine. List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - Correct answer Flexion Extension Lateral flexion Rotation

What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation? - Correct answer Trapezius and serratus anterior What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation? - Correct answer latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular winging: - Correct answer tight/shortened pectoralis muscles Weak serratus anterior *Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging. What is scapular winging? - Correct answer Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae What is scapular tipping? - Correct answer Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the scapulae Name the muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular tipping: - Correct answer - tight/short pectoralis minor muscle - Pec minor attaches to the scapula at the coracoid process. If it is tight, it will pull it forward.

• Weak lower trap - responsible for a downward pull of the scapula. If you have a weak lower trap and a tight pec minor, the resting position of the scapula will bias towards anterior tipping.
• faulty posture (kyphosis) Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS) - Correct answer S.I.T.S. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis Describe the 2 actions of the forearm: - Correct answer Supination - palm facing up pronation - palm facing down

Describe the two actions of the elbow joint: - Correct answer Flexion - palm moves proximally (towards shoulder) Extension - palm moves distally What are the anteroposterior muscles of the hip? - Correct answer Anterior: Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius Posterior: Glutes and hamstrings Describe the 6 actions of the hip joint - Correct answer Abduction - leg moves away from midline adduction - leg moves toward midline flexion - femur moves proximally extension - femur moves distally Internal rotation - Femur spirals in socket toward midline External rotation - femur spirals in socket away from midline What muscles are responsible/involved in hip flexion? (7 primary) - Correct answer Psoas Major* Iliacus* Rectus femoris Sartorius Tensor Fascia latae Gluteus medius (anterior fibers) Gluteus minimus *iliopsoas group What muscles are responsible/involved in hip extension? (2 primary) - Correct answer Gluteus maximus Hamstrings (biceps femoris (lateral) semimembranosus (medial) and semitendinosus (medial). What muscles are responsible/involved in hip abduction? (3) - Correct answer Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia latae What muscles are responsible/involved in hip Adduction? - Correct answer The adductor group:

What anterior muscles of the body exert a downward anterior pull on the pelvis? - Correct answer The hip flexors, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, iliopsoas (attached to the lumbar spine and ilium) How many vertebra make up the cervical division of the spine? - Correct answer 7 how many vertebrae make up the thoracic division of the spine? - Correct answer 12 How many vertebrae make up the lumbar division of the spine? - Correct answer 5 Sacrum Vertebrae - Correct answer 5 fused into 1