Stott Pilates Exam Preparation: Anatomy Questions and Answers, Exams of Medicine

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Preparation Questions And Answers

Which muscles oppose each other on the anterior posterior sides of the foot? - correct answer Anterior: Dorsiflexors Posterior: Plantar Flexors Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot? - correct answer Lateral: Tibialis Peroneal What is the function of Tibialis anterior? - correct answer dorsiflexing and inverting the foot. What is the function of the peroneus muscles? - correct answer Primarily responsible for eversion of the foot. peroneus longus and brevis plantarflex the foot, while the peroneus tertius dorsiflexes it. What are the opposing anteroposterior muscles of the knee? - correct answer The hamstrings, gastrocnemius and the popliteus oppose the hamstrings. The transverse plane divides the body into _________ and _______ segments. -

Preparation Questions And Answers

correct answer Superior and inferior segments of the body The Frontal plane divides the body into ____________ and ___________ segments. - correct answer Anterior and posterior (front/back) segments. The sagital plane divides the body into ________ and ________ segments - correct answer Left and right segments Medial is a directional term for: - correct answer Closest to the midline of the body. Lateral is a directional term for: - correct answer Away from the midline of the body Proximal/central means ________ to the trunk or midline of the body. - correct answer closer Distal/peripheral means ________ from the trunk or midline of the body. - correct answer away

Preparation Questions And Answers

Spinal extension moves the __________ surfaces of the body ___________ each other. - correct answer anterior surfaces of the body away from each other. Lateral spinal flexion moves the spine in which direction?

correct answer Side to side Rotational movements happen around which central point? - correct answer The axis of the spine. List the 4 actions of the neck (cervical spine) - correct answer Flexion Extension Lateral flexion Rotation Describe the action of shoulder flexion and extension. - correct answer Arm reaches up overhead (vertical flexion) Arm reaches back behind the body (vertical extension) Describe the actions of shoulder abduction and adduction. -

Preparation Questions And Answers

correct answer Arm moves away from the midline (abduction) Arm moves towards the midline (adduction)

• can also done horizontally as in when client is supine. Describe the actions of internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder. - correct answer Internal rotation - palm moves toward the body. External rotation - palm moves away from the body. Describe the actions of protraction and retraction of the scapula. - correct answer protraction - scapular borders moves away from the midline (the spine) retraction - scapular boarders moves toward the midline (the spine) List the 6 actions of the scapula - correct answer Protraction Retraction Elevation Depression

Preparation Questions And Answers

correct answer latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular winging: - correct answer tight/shortened pectoralis muscles Weak serratus anterior *Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging. What is scapular winging? - correct answer Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae What is scapular tipping? - correct answer Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the scapulae Name the muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular tipping: - correct answer - tight/short pectoralis minor muscle - Pec minor attaches to the scapula at the coracoid process. If it is tight, it will pull it forward.

Preparation Questions And Answers

• Weak lower trap - responsible for a downward pull of the scapula. If you have a weak lower trap and a tight pec minor, the resting position of the scapula will bias towards anterior tipping.
• faulty posture (kyphosis) Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS) - correct answer S.I.T.S. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis Describe the 2 actions of the forearm: - correct answer Supination - palm facing up pronation - palm facing down Describe the two actions of the elbow joint: - correct answer Flexion - palm moves proximally (towards shoulder) Extension - palm moves distally

Preparation Questions And Answers

*iliopsoas group What muscles are responsible/involved in hip extension? (2 primary) - correct answer Gluteus maximus Hamstrings (biceps femoris (lateral) semimembranosus (medial) and semitendinosus (medial). What muscles are responsible/involved in hip abduction? (3) - correct answer Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia latae What muscles are responsible/involved in hip Adduction? - correct answer The adductor group: Adductor brevis Adductor longis adductor magnus Adductor minimus Gracilis Pectineus

Preparation Questions And Answers

What muscles are responsible for hip internal rotation? - correct answer Tensor fasciae latae (outer hip) parts of the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus the adductor longus, brevis, and magnus (inner thigh) the pectineus (upper frontal thigh) What muscles are responsible for hip external rotation? - correct answer Lateral rotator group Piriformis Gluteus maximus (lower fibers) Gluteus medius and minimus Describe the two actions of the ankle - correct answer Dorsiflexion - toes towards the nose Plantar flexion - toes away from nose (pointed) What is the rotator cuff? - correct answer a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping the head of your upper arm bone firmly within the shallow socket of the shoulder. help stabilize the shoulder

Preparation Questions And Answers

how many vertebrae make up the thoracic division of the spine? - correct answer 12 How many vertebrae make up the lumbar division of the spine? - correct answer 5 Sacrum Vertebrae - correct answer 5 fused into 1