ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep questions with answers 2023, Exams of Nursing

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ANCC PMHNP Exam Prep questions

with answers 2023

mesocortical pathway ✔executive function: attention, focus, depression nigrostriatal pathway ✔from substantia nigra (brainstem) to striatum (muscles): Parkinson's mesolimbic pathway ✔projects to nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system). Pleasure, reward, positive symptoms of schizophrenia: Addiction, gambling Tuberoinfundibular pathway ✔regulation of prolactin (acts on pituitary). Hypersexuality in mania Dopamine ✔produced in substania nigra and VTA. D2 & D4 receptors most important. Elevated in the mesolimbic pathway associated with pleasure and psychosis. Antispychotics block dopamine. travels through mesocoritcal, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and tuberinfundibular pathways Serotonin ✔5-HT. produced in raphe nucleus. emotion, impulses, dreams. 5HT2A receptors = atypical antipsychotics. Norepinephrine ✔produced in locus coeruleus. arousal and vigilance GABA ✔inhibitory. produces calm in conjunction with benzodiazepines. ACTH ✔motor control, learning, memory, sleep, and dreams. Helps with balance. Decrease in Alzheimer's disease hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) ✔CRH, ACTH, then cortisol. Worsens with stress and depression

hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) ✔TRH, TSH, T4. Hypothyroid causes depression, weight gain, slow metabolism. Hyperthyroid is opposite. hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) ✔GnRH, FSH, LH. Malfunctions cause infertility problems. gray matter ✔neurons are found frontal lobe ✔executive function, voluntary movement, speech (Broca's area) Temporal lobe ✔memory, cognition, speech, emotions (aka limbic area) parietal lobe ✔receive and process sensory input Wernicke's area ✔temporal and parietal lobes; speech amygdala ✔fear response. hippocampus ✔memory. Make up limbic system with amydgala HIPAA ✔1. education about privacy protection, 2. access to own medical records, 3. request amendment to health information to which they object, 4. require permission for disclosure of medical issues forensic nursing ✔based on crime committed and investigational aspects correctional nursing

✔offender's current mental health and medical condition research utilization process ✔critique, synthesize, apply, measure PICO question ✔patient, intervention, comparison, outcome internal validity ✔when the independent variable (treatment) caused a change in the dependent variable (outcome) external validity ✔when the sample is representative of the population and the results can be generalized descriptive statistics ✔used to describe the basic features of the data in the study standard deviation ✔indication of the possible deviations from the mean variance ✔how the values are dispersed around the mean - the larger the variance, the larger the dispersion of scores inferential statistics ✔numerical value that enable one to reach conclusions that extend beyond immediate data alone - generated by quantitative research designs t-test ✔assess whether means of 2 groups are statistically different from each other ANOVA ✔analysis of variance - tests difference of 3 or more groups Pearson's r-correlation ✔relationship between 2 variables

probability ✔0-1: likelihood of an event occurring p value ✔level of significance: describes the probability of a particular result occurring by chance alone HOPE ✔sources of hope, organized religion, personal spirituality, effects on medical care/end of life OLDCARTS for HPI ✔onset, location, duration, character, alleviating/aggravating factors, radiation, time of occurrence, severity Cranial Nerves ✔Olfactory, optic, ocular motor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory spinal, hypoglossal dysdiadochokinesia ✔inability to perform rapid alternating movements (finger to thumb), cerebellar lesion astereognosis ✔inability to distinguish objects (such as paperclip) based on touch, parietal lesion Free T ✔0.8-2. TSH ✔0.4-0.5 - decreases when T3 & T4 are high, increases when T3 & T4 are low. Elevated in primary hypothyroidism. Values may decrease with aspirin, steroids, and heparin. Values may increase with lithium. calcium ✔8.8-10.5. 99% found in bone. major cation for bones and teeth. higher in kids because of bone growth. sodium ✔135-

magnesium ✔1.3-2.1. chloride ✔98- potassium ✔3.5-5.1. value decrease with lithium, diuretics. marijuana use can elevate K ALT ✔5-35. AST ✔5- GGT ✔gamma glutamyl transpeptidase - 10-38. Used to evaluate alcohol abuse because levels rise after only a small ingestion of alcohol. teratogenic risks of benzodiazepines ✔floppy baby, cleft palate teratogenic risks of tegretol ✔neural tube defects teratogenic risks of lithium ✔Epstein anomaly teratogenic risks of depakote ✔neural tube defects such as spina bifida Rogers ✔Humanistic theory: person centered therapy Beck ✔CBT

Lazarus ✔Behavioral therapy Marsha Linehan ✔DBT Frankle ✔Existentialism: reflection on life and encouragement of self-confrontation. "Why am I here? What is my purpose?" Klerman and Weissman ✔Interpersonal therapy: time limited, problem focused Shapiro ✔EMDR: used to treat PTSD Yalom ✔Group therapy: 10 guiding principles for group Bowen ✔Family systems theory Minuchin ✔Structured family therapy Satir ✔Experiential therapy: behavior is determined by personal experience. Focus is on being authentic Haley ✔Strategic therapy: symptoms are metaphors and reflect problems in the hierarchal structure deShazer, O'Hanlon, Berg ✔Solution-focused therapy: miracle questions, exception finding questions, scaling questions PANDAS

✔pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with strep: consider with children who have OCD symptoms schizophrenia ✔excess dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway and decreased dopamine in the mesocoritcal pathway. Excess glutamate, decreased GABA, decreased serotonin atypical antipsychotics ✔D2 and 5HT2a blockade: treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia Neuroleptic malignancy syndrome ✔Elevated CPK, elevated WBC, elevated LFT. Autonomic instability. Bromocriptine (Parlodel) and dantrolene (Dantrium) ✔Treatment for NMS DELIRIUM ✔drugs, electrolytes, low 02 sat, infection, reduced sensory input, intracranial, urinary, myocardial Pick's Disease ✔frontotemporal dementia: more common in men, personality/behavioral changes in early stages, cognitive changes later Kluver-Bucy syndrome ✔hypersexuality, hyperorality, and placidity Creutzfeld-Jakob disease ✔fatal, rapidly progressing, fatigue and flu like symptoms, cognitive impairment. Later aphasia, apraxia, emotional lability Huntington's disease ✔subcortical type of dementia characterized by choreoathetoid movements Lewy body disease ✔Lewy bodies in cortex, Parkinson's features, adverse reaction of antipsychoticsMeman BUN

✔6-

creatinine ✔0.6-1.