ANSC 100 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download ANSC 100 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! ANSC 100 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 What is the difference between energy and nutrition? - Correct Answer-nutrients are oxidized to provide energy Define calorie. - Correct Answer-The amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree centigrade How is gross energy measured? - Correct Answer-bomb calorimeter What are the different energy forms? - Correct Answer- Digestable, metabolizable, net energy How is digestible energy calculated? - Correct Answer-DE= gross energy - fecal loss (~30%) How is metabolizable energy calculated? - Correct Answer- ME= DE - (urinary + gas losses) pg. 1 professoraxe l How is net energy calculated? - Correct Answer-NE = ME- (heat + digestion losses) What are the different types of Net energys? - Correct Answer-NE maintenance, NE lactation, NE gain Define digestion - Correct Answer-Act of breaking down feed to get energy What is a ruminant? - Correct Answer-an animal with multiple chambers of the digestive tract, animal that has a rumen What are the four chambers of the cow's stomach? - Correct Answer-Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum Which part of the cow stomach is responsible for pushing food and circulating food? - Correct Answer-reticulum which part of the cow stomach is response for being the holding vat of microbes that aid in digestions of beta 1,4 linkages? - Correct Answer-rumen pg. 2 professoraxe l small intestine ceca cloaca Functions as the physical and mechanical digestion in chickens ? (teeth) - Correct Answer-crop What is the true stomach/gastric portion of the chicken's stomach? - Correct Answer-proventriculus What is used to physically break food down more and is comprised of 2 muscles in the chicken? - Correct Answer- gizzard Where does the chicken excrete waste from? - Correct Answer-cloaca what is the form of excrement for chickens? - Correct Answer- uric acid (not liquid urine) pg. 5 professoraxe l What type of gross energy is used to calculate for chickens? - Correct Answer-Only Metabolizable energy because there is no solid waste How many cecum/ceca do chickens have and what is the function of this organ(s)? - Correct Answer-2, allows fermentation what is special about the diet of cats? - Correct Answer- obligate carnivores, only eat meat What are the main factors contributing to the formulation of rations? - Correct Answer-species, feed available, requirements (state of life/production), balancing protein, fat, cost, etc. What are the 6 major classes of nutrients? - Correct Answer- water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, minerals, vitamins What is the most essential nutrient? - Correct Answer-water pg. 6 professoraxe l What are the 3 sources of water for animals? - Correct Answer-drinking water, water from feedstuffs, metabolic water what is metabolic water? - Correct Answer-water from the hydrolysis of other nutrients through cellular respiration What factors affect an animals need for water? - Correct Answer-dry matter intake, moisture of the feed, ambient temperature, stage of production, sodium intake Functions of water: - Correct Answer-transporting nutrients, maintenance of cell shape, biochemical reactions, regulation of body temperature, lubrication of mucus membranes, aqueous environment for enzyme activity What is the structural ratio of carbohydrates? - Correct Answer-1:2:1 (C:H:O) What carbohydrates make up plant-based diets? - Correct Answer-Sugars, starch, fiber, protein pg. 7 professoraxe l What is a cheap way to get calcium in a feed? - Correct Answer-limestone what is urea? - Correct Answer-synthetic feed product that introduces more Nitrogen into diet for ruminant microbes (NOT FOR NON RUMINANTS) Define dry matter? - Correct Answer-the feed leftover when water has been removed How is dry matter calculated? - Correct Answer-Measure vessel, measure wet silage, weight of drying pan and dry silage, weight of dry silage, % DM of silage what is the most common component of livestock rations? - Correct Answer-grain, in this region corn What compound makes silage smell sweet? - Correct Answer- lactic acid what compounds are present in spoiled silage? - Correct Answer-buterate and acetate pg. 10 professoraxe l What shunts milk into the abomasum? - Correct Answer- reticulo grove What state are fats in at room temperature? - Correct Answer- solid what state are oils in at room temperature? - Correct Answer- liquid What are the 2 major functions of amino acids? - Correct Answer-build and form proteins, energy source Which type of fats have double bonds? - Correct Answer- unsaturated fats what types of fats do ruminants have? - Correct Answer- saturated fats, because they saturate all of them True/False: Minerals are organic molecules. - Correct Answer- False, inorganic pg. 11 professoraxe l What are the 7 macrominerals - Correct Answer-calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, Phosphorous, sulfure, chloride what are the 2 classes of vitamins? - Correct Answer-fat soluble and water soluble which 2 creatures need vitamin C? - Correct Answer-humans and guinea pigs how do you calculate crude protein within a sample? - Correct Answer-Nitrogen * 6.25 = Crude protein What is used to find crude fat content? - Correct Answer-ether who invented the detergent system for finding nutritional value of feed? - Correct Answer-Peter VanSoest what 2 detergents are there for VanSoest method? - Correct Answer-neutral detergent and acidic, neutral measures Cellulose Pectin and Lignin, Neutral all of those + hemicellulose pg. 12 professoraxe l mitotic stage in which the chromosomes in the cell condense and the nuclear membrane disintegrates - Correct Answer- prophase mitotic stage in which chromosomes align in the center plane of the dividing cell - Correct Answer-metaphase mitotic stage in which the chromosomes divide and migrate into daughter cells - Correct Answer-telophase mitotic stage in which the chromosomoes divide and migrate to the cell poles - Correct Answer-anaphase if the pair of sex chromosomes is identical - Correct Answer- homogametic genes located on the y chromosome in mammals that can only be passed from father to son - Correct Answer-holandric chromosomes other than those that contribute to sex detemriantion - Correct Answer-autosomes pg. 15 professoraxe l in mammals, male species are ______ for alleles inherited on the x chromsome - Correct Answer-hemizygous genes for which individuals of different sexes show a different phenotype even when they may have the same genotype - Correct Answer-sex-influenced traits that can only be expressed in one of the sexes do to differences in anatomical make up - Correct Answer-sex- limited genes that are inherited on either of the sex chromosomes - Correct Answer-sex-linked a population characteristic associated with quantitative traints - Correct Answer-continuous variation class of genes that each control a relatively small proportion of quantitative trait variation - Correct Answer-polygenes term used to describe the proportion of phenotypic variance contributed by genetics - Correct Answer-heritability pg. 16 professoraxe l the difference between the mean of a population and the mean of the individuals selected from the population for breeding (Ps-P0) - Correct Answer-selection differential difference between the mean of the population and the mean of the offspring from selected individuals of the population (P1-Po) - Correct Answer-genetic gain term used to describe the relationship between the genetic gain and the selection differential - Correct Answer-realized heritability Any and all interactions going on in each body cell and complex body organs - Correct Answer-physiology physical, chemical, and biological factors that surround an animals body - Correct Answer-enviroment any functional, structural, or behavioral trait that favors animals survival or reproduction in any environment - Correct Answer-adaptation pg. 17 professoraxe l which are sensible heat flow? - Correct Answer-conduction, convection, radiation latent heat flow? - Correct Answer-evaporation, sweating (heat loss is hidden, can't be measured) which is the thermal comfort zone? - Correct Answer- environmental temperature ranges is where thermal regulatory effort is minimal, VERY SMALL RANGE what is the thermal neutral zone? - Correct Answer- environmental temperature range where metabolism is minimal (include comfort zone, cool zone, warm zone) what is decreasing body temperature? - Correct Answer- Hypothermy, animals die from cold stress what is the summit metabolism? - Correct Answer-highest metabolic rate upper environmental temperature prior to increasing metabolic rate? - Correct Answer-upper critical temperature pg. 20 professoraxe l metabolic rate at its lowest level? - Correct Answer-basal metabolic rate which region of the thermograph has the largest range of temperatures? - Correct Answer-cold zone what happens when animals are in the cold zone? - Correct Answer-metabolism goes up when the body temperature goes up? - Correct Answer- hyperthermy why is the cold zone larger than the heat zone? - Correct Answer-heat stress is more difficult for animals to manage True/False the thermoneutral zone is constant - Correct Answer-false, can shift with acclimation, varies with species and age pg. 21 professoraxe l how do animal thermal regulate in cool zone? - Correct Answer-physical + behavioral, increase insulation (chicken fluff out feathers), animals seek warm places how do animal thermal regulate in cold zone? - Correct Answer-increase metabolic rate, zone of chemical thermogenesis, increase shivering, increase muscle movement how to animals thermal regulate in warm zone? - Correct Answer-decrease feed intake, behavioral thermal regulation, increase passive heat loss- behaviorally, increased peripheral circulation how do animals thermal regulate in heat zone? - Correct Answer-greatest use of evaporation, voluntarily reduce body movement, increase metabolic rate because panting and sweating needs energy an increase in animal size or weight beginning in blastocyst stage where cell differentiation begins - Correct Answer- growth what shape is the growth curve? - Correct Answer-sigmoidal pg. 22 professoraxe l