Anthro 2050 final | ANTH 2050 - WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY, Quizzes of Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

Download Anthro 2050 final | ANTH 2050 - WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY and more Quizzes Introduction to Cultural Anthropology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Orangutan; Gorilla; Human; Chimpanzees DEFINITION 1 1. The evolution from humans to great apes goes from the _____ 12-15 million years ago, to the _____ 6-8 million years ago, to the ____ 4-6 million years ago, and then to the ____ in present day. TERM 2 Grasping thumbs; brain cavities; eyes; smell; shoulder joints; five digits; fingernails; canine DEFINITION 2 1. Humans and other primates share ___ ____, larger ____ ____, frontal ____, reduced sense of ____, Flexible ___ ____, hand and feet with ___ ____, flat _____, and no ____ teeth. TERM 3 a. Sooner; slower; maternal-offspring; socialization DEFINITION 3 Humans and other primates also give birth ____ and grow ____ having a strong ____ ____ bond and a high degree of ____. TERM 4 facial symmetry DEFINITION 4 1. ___ ____ is attractive because it is a sign that someone has better genes. TERM 5 Bipedal; faces; canine teeth; brains; body hair; agility; chromosomes DEFINITION 5 1. Differences between humans and primates include that humans are _____, we have flat ____ and smaller ____ ____, larger ____, reduced ___ ____, reduced physical _____, and a difference in number of ____. TERM 6 Hominin DEFINITION 6 1. ____ is the term referring to members of the human lineage after the split with chimpanzees. TERM 7 Hominid DEFINITION 7 ____ is the term that refers to all the Great Apes and their ancestors. TERM 8 culture DEFINITION 8 ___ is our non-biological means of adaptation to our natural and social environment. TERM 9 tools, clothing, language, writing DEFINITION 9 1. ____, ____, ___, and ____ are learned through socialization. TERM 10 Africa DEFINITION 10 the cradle of humanity TERM 21 A. afarensis, Donald Johanson DEFINITION 21 Lucy was an __ _____ and found by ___ ___ at Hadar, Ethiopia. TERM 22 Laetoli Footprints DEFINITION 22 The ____ ___ were found by Mary Leakey, in volcanic ash dating back 3.8 million years; these footprints indicated people were walking upright. TERM 23 Pelvic; femur DEFINITION 23 It was difficult for early primates to walk upright because of differences in the ___ and ____ bones, compared to humans. TERM 24 Protection; body temperature; hands DEFINITION 24 Advantages of bipedalism are ____ from predators, control of ____ -____, and free _____. TERM 25 Great Ape from Africa DEFINITION 25 1. A. Africanus was known as the ____ ____ __ ____ TERM 26 Raymond Dart DEFINITION 26 A. Africanus was discovered by ___ ___ in South Africa. TERM 27 Australopithecines DEFINITION 27 _____ were a side branch that co-existed with the branch leading to modern humans. TERM 28 Acheulean DEFINITION 28 1. About 1 million years ago, _____ tools were found at a site made by Homo erectus. TERM 29 Handy man DEFINITION 29 1. Homo habilis was known as the ___ ___. TERM 30 Oldowan DEFINITION 30 1. The first recognizable tool Industry was the _____ in lower Paleolithic culture. TERM 31 Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania DEFINITION 31 1. Oldowan was first discovered in ____ ____, ____. TERM 32 Hammerstones; cores; choppers; flakes DEFINITION 32 The Oldowan tool kit consisted of _____, ____ or _____, and ____. TERM 33 Flaking; cobbles; stone DEFINITION 33 1. Early stone tools consisted of ____ patterns, broken _____ near butchery sites, and animal bones with cut marks from ____. TERM 34 Chimpanzees DEFINITION 34 1. ____ also produced stone tools. TERM 35 2.5 million years ago DEFINITION 35 1. The oldest known stone tools date to ____. TERM 46 1.4 million years ago; Chesowanja DEFINITION 46 1. The use of fire began around _____ in Kenya at the site of _____. TERM 47 France; 300,000 years ago DEFINITION 47 1. The first solid evidence of fire use was in ____ around _____. TERM 48 Dmanisi, Georgia DEFINITION 48 1. The site of ____ ____ is the oldest known archeological site outside of Africa. a. Dmanisi, Georgia TERM 49 A. Africanus; H. habilis; H. erectus DEFINITION 49 1. During the lower Paleolithic there were the species _____, _____ and ____. TERM 50 Middle Paleolithic; homo erectus; homo sapiens, Neanderthals DEFINITION 50 1. The ____ ____ saw the development of new stone technologies of ____, ____, and ____. TERM 51 Neanderthals; modern humans DEFINITION 51 1. The Upper Paleolithic was stone technologies of ____ and ____. TERM 52 11.6 million years ago. DEFINITION 52 1. The Pleistocene began around ____. TERM 53 Glaciations DEFINITION 53 1. ____ were periods were the precipitation was greater than the melting rate. TERM 54 Neanderthals DEFINITION 54 1. The birth of Paleontology is characterized by the ____. TERM 55 Neander Valley DEFINITION 55 1. Neanderthals were found in __ ____ in Western Germany. TERM 56 William King DEFINITION 56 1. The Neanderthal was named by ___ ____. TERM 57 Arthritis DEFINITION 57 1. The first Neanderthal found had _____ so it was believed that they all walked crippled. TERM 58 Europe; Near East; Central Asia DEFINITION 58 1. The Neanderthals were limited to _____, the ____ and ____. TERM 59 Mousterian DEFINITION 59 1. The Neanderthals tool Industry was called _____. TERM 60 Hyoid; larynx DEFINITION 60 1. Neanderthals had a floating bone called a ____; humans also have this this bone may be linked with the descending of the ____. TERM 71 Recent out-of-Africa DEFINITION 71 1. The _____ model is the most likely scenario of Homo sapiens development. TERM 72 Atlatl; bow; arrow; DEFINITION 72 1. First came the _____ spear thrower in Europe about 30,000 years ago, and in America about 12,000 years ago; this was replaced by the ____ and _____. TERM 73 Upper Paleolithic DEFINITION 73 1. The bow and arrow replaced the spear in the ____ ____ time period. TERM 74 Solutrean DEFINITION 74 1. _____ is an Upper Paleolithic Tool Style. TERM 75 La Solutre DEFINITION 75 1. The Solutrean Tool Industry was named after the __ ____ Site. TERM 76 22; 18 DEFINITION 76 1. Solutrean Blades were first produced between ___ and ___ thousand years ago. TERM 77 Lascaux DEFINITION 77 The ____ Cave in France showed cave art dating back 17,000 years. TERM 78 Cosquer DEFINITION 78 1. The ____ Cave in France showed handprints dating back 19,000 years. TERM 79 Venus figurines; women; fertility DEFINITION 79 Dolni Vestonice in the Czech Republic has ___ _____ which are figures of _____ that date back 25 thousand years; this could have been linked to a ____ cult. TERM 80 Sinodonty DEFINITION 80 1. _____ is a pattern of teeth common among people in North America and people in Asia. TERM 81 Meadowcroft DEFINITION 81 1. ____ is a site that shows people were in America as early as 14,000 BP. TERM 82 Chile DEFINITION 82 There is evidence that people were in ____ by 12,500 BP. TERM 83 Clovis Points DEFINITION 83 ____ were found in America but not Asia or even Beringia. TERM 84 a. Cactus Hill; Virginia DEFINITION 84 ____ ____ is the site in Virginia that is dated between Clovis and Solutrean and could be the missing link. TERM 85 Paleo-Indians DEFINITION 85 1. _____ are hunters specializing in big game. TERM 96 Complexity; agriculture DEFINITION 96 The Holocene transition led to increased social _____ and ____. TERM 97 10,000 years DEFINITION 97 The Holocene started _____ years ago. TERM 98 Mobile DEFINITION 98 1. Egalitarian societies were highly ____. TERM 99 Keatley Creek; 3,000 DEFINITION 99 ____ Creek is a site in British Columbia dating back ____ years ago; a village with pit houses; the pit had some sort of structure on top; these people were socially differentiated with very recognized distinct social classes. TERM 100 Complexity; social ranking DEFINITION 100 1. ______________is characterized by high Populationdensities in small areas, food storage, sedentism, social _____, trade, ritual life, and power/authority. TERM 101 Middle stone ages DEFINITION 101 Mesolithic is known as the ____ ____ ____. TERM 102 5,000 BP DEFINITION 102 Farming was introduced in Europe in _____ BP. TERM 103 Star Carr; Mesolithic; Antler Headgear; DEFINITION 103 Star Carr is a ______site in England dating back to 10,770- 10,460 BP; this site is known for having ___ ____ which symbolized social power, ritual office and shamanism. TERM 104 Shamanism DEFINITION 104 _____ is the animistic religion of northern Asia, embracing a belief in powerful spirits. TERM 105 Red ochre DEFINITION 105 ___ ___ was used in Mesolithic funerary practices. TERM 106 Bear DEFINITION 106 During the Mesolithic Period in Europe, there were ____ burials. TERM 107 Movement; breeding; feeding DEFINITION 107 The three important factors of domesticating animals were constraint on _____, regulation of _____, and control of _____. TERM 108 Hunted DEFINITION 108 ____ animals are found at sites characterized by a random sample of ages and sexes of animals. TERM 109 Herded DEFINITION 109 _______animals are found at sites characterized by an over- representation of young males. TERM 110 Lower; middle DEFINITION 110 1. Pleistocene is characterized by the ____ and ____ Paleolithic. TERM 121 Potatoes; beans; tomatoes DEFINITION 121 1. Crops of South America include ____, ____, and ____. TERM 122 Gordon Childe; Marxism; New stone age; city life DEFINITION 122 1. ___ ____ came up with the Neolithic/Urban Revolution theories; He used the ideas of Marxism; He characterized the Neolithic as the ___ ___ ___ and the Urban Revolution with the emergence of city life. TERM 123 Chile Pepper DEFINITION 123 1. One crop that was probably used more as display and social promotion rather than important for eating was the ___ ___. TERM 124 Mesopotamia DEFINITION 124 1. ___ was the land between two rivers. TERM 125 Levant DEFINITION 125 ____ was the place where the sun rose. TERM 126 Irrigation DEFINITION 126 Mesopotamia needed to use ____ to farm. TERM 127 Fertile Crescent DEFINITION 127 In the ____ ____ rainfall was sufficient; this is where the earliest farmers developed. TERM 128 Levant Corridor DEFINITION 128 1. Some of the first evidence of agriculture was in the ____ ____ in the Euphrates Valley about 10,000 years ago. TERM 129 Abu Hureyra; DEFINITION 129 1. ___ ____ was a Natufian village dated back to about 13,000 BP; there are signs of agriculture and domestication of gazelle, sheep, and goats. TERM 130 Jericho DEFINITION 130 1. One of the oldest continually occupied places on Earth is ____ in Palestine; A Natufian settlement dating back to 12,000 BP; TERM 131 Catal Huyuk; Turkey DEFINITION 131 1. ___ ____ is in modern day Turkey; this town was rebuilt more than 10 times; houses were built sharing walls with the doors on the ceilings. TERM 132 James Mellaart DEFINITION 132 1. ____ ____ excavated Catal Huyuk in the 1960s. TERM 133 Ian Hodder DEFINITION 133 1. ___ ____ is known as the father of the Post-modern movement in archeology. TERM 134 a. Women; birth scenes; DEFINITION 134 1. In Catal Huyuk, there was a focus on ___, bulls, ____ scenes, dancesand ancestors. TERM 135 Fertility DEFINITION 135 1. There was an emphasis on ____ and a Mother goddess at Catal Huyuk. TERM 146 Gallery graves DEFINITION 146 ____ Graves were megalith burial chambers arranged axially; they were much larger and consisted of multiple chambers with a main entrance. TERM 147 Liminal phase DEFINITION 147 1. These gallery graves or megalith burial chambers may act as a ____ ____ between dying and going into the afterlife. TERM 148 Menhirs DEFINITION 148 1. Another example of a megalith are ___. Which are standing stones that go for miles; avenues of standing stones in a row. TERM 149 Stone circles (megaliths) DEFINITION 149 1. Avebury and Stonehenge are examples of ___ ___. TERM 150 a. Astronomical; summer solstice DEFINITION 150 1. Stone circles may have ____ significance, and Stonehenge may be linked to the ___ ____. TERM 151 a. Boundary; burial; ritual; DEFINITION 151 1. Megaliths could have been used as ___ or territory markers, ____ sites of ancestors, or other forms of ritual life such as ways to measure time and seasons. TERM 152 Salisbury Plain DEFINITION 152 1. Stonehenge is found in the ____ ___ in Southwest England. TERM 153 Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age DEFINITION 153 1. Stonehengeis dated back to 2,900-1,600 BC in the late ____, ____ through the early ____ ___. TERM 154 Celtic priests, druids DEFINITION 154 1. It was first thought that Roman ___ ____ ordruids occupied the Stonehenge, but this is not accurate. TERM 155 burial ground DEFINITION 155 1. Phase one of the Stonehenge was just a circular ditch and Aubreyholes with wooden posts. At this time, it was used as a ____ ____. TERM 156 a. Timber DEFINITION 156 1. Phase two of the Stonehenge had new ___ structures that were alligned_ in meaningful ways. TERM 157 80; U shape DEFINITION 157 1. Phase three of the Stonehenge had a number of ___ megaliths in the center of the ditch; the center is built in a __ Shape. TERM 158 a. Ritual; religious DEFINITION 158 1. It is most likely that the Stonehenge was used as a multipurpose ____ and ____ center. TERM 159 Avebury DEFINITION 159 1. ___ is found in Wiltshire, and was used as a burial site. TERM 160 defense DEFINITION 160 1. It is possible that Avebury was used for _____. TERM 171 Ohio River Valley DEFINITION 171 1. The Interaction Sphere was centered in the ___ ___ ____. TERM 172 a. Mississippian; chiefdoms; complexity DEFINITION 172 1. The last period was the chiefdomswhich was characterized by having _____ and increased social _____. TERM 173 Archaic DEFINITION 173 1. The ____ period in North America is equivalent to the Mesolithic period in Europe. TERM 174 Intensive foraging DEFINITION 174 1. Archaic was a period of ____ ____. TERM 175 Woodland DEFINITION 175 1. The ____ period is when farming began. TERM 176 a. Maize; beans; squash DEFINITION 176 1. The Three sisters of farming were ____, ____, and ___. TERM 177 Exchange DEFINITION 177 1. Societies that build mounds had ____ networks. a. TERM 178 Lithics DEFINITION 178 1. ____ were stones exchanged in trade. TERM 179 Serpent Mound DEFINITION 179 1. ___ ____ is in Illinois; a carving of a landscape that looks like a snake. TERM 180 Eastern DEFINITION 180 1. Mound builders were in the ____ region of North America. TERM 181 3,000 BC; Colonial DEFINITION 181 1. Mound builders began as early as _____ and lasted up until the Colonial period. TERM 182 a. Archaic DEFINITION 182 1. Earth works happened during the late ____. TERM 183 Poverty Point DEFINITION 183 _________ ________ is characterized by six concentric ridges, and used hearths and pits in the center. TERM 184 . Heating balls DEFINITION 184 1. In poverty point, there was a use of ___ ____ to cook liquid. TERM 185 Great Lakes DEFINITION 185 1. There is evidence of long-distance trade at Poverty Point, and contact as far as the ___ ___. a. TERM 196 a. Cahokia; Moundville; Etowah DEFINITION 196 1. Some important Mississippian centers were ____, ____, and ____. TERM 197 Cahokia, St Louis DEFINITION 197 ____ was the largest and earliest Mississippian settlement along the Mississippi River near ___,____. TERM 198 a. 30,000-40,000 DEFINITION 198 1. At its peak from AD 1050-1250, Cahokia had _____ to ____ people TERM 199 Deer DEFINITION 199 1. Some mounds in Cahokia were burial mounds, sometimes animals; at one site they found the remains of 9,000 ____. TERM 200 Moundville DEFINITION 200 1. As Cahokia decreased, ____ increased; this was a center in Alabama around AD 1050. TERM 201 Southern cult DEFINITION 201 1. Moundville is characterized by the climax of ___ ___. TERM 202 18th; Adam Ferguson DEFINITION 202 1. The concept of the civilization was first used in the ____ century by ____. TERM 203 Cities; centralized economy; record keeping; public buildings; religions DEFINITION 203 1. A civilization is characterized by ____, a ____ ____, advances in ___ ___, elaborate ____ ____, and state ____. TERM 204 a. Size; population DEFINITION 204 1. A city is characterized by ___ and ____. TERM 205 city DEFINITION 205 1. A ____ has centralized institutions to regulate public affairs, and is embedded into a state system. TERM 206 a. State DEFINITION 206 1. A ____ is much larger than a city in terms of resources and population. TERM 207 a. Differentiation; social roles DEFINITION 207 1. In a state there is more ____ and ____ ___. TERM 208 Integration DEFINITION 208 1. ____ are ways to integrate large populations and large territories into single systems. TERM 209 chiefdom DEFINITION 209 1. A ____ is a political unit comprising a number of villages or communitites under the permanent control of a chief. TERM 210 Kinship DEFINITION 210 1. The power of ruling in chiefdom is rooted in ____. TERM 221 Ubaid DEFINITION 221 1. The Sumerians lived in the ____ period and before. TERM 222 Mesopotamia, Arid DEFINITION 222 1. Irrigation was necessary in ____ because the environment was extremely ___ with temperature fluctuations. TERM 223 Ubaid; Uruk; Early Dynastic Period. DEFINITION 223 1. The order of the Periods goes ___, ____, then the Early Dynastic Period which was the Sumerian civilization period. TERM 224 Alluvium DEFINITION 224 1. ___ was the deposits of sediment making farming easier. a. TERM 225 6,000-4,000 DEFINITION 225 1. The Ubaid period was from ____-____ and consisted of small rural communities clustered around larger towns. TERM 226 Eridu DEFINITION 226 1. ____ was the Ubaid ceremonial center that was rebuilt 13 times. TERM 227 a. 4,000-3,000; urban centers; city-states DEFINITION 227 1. The Uruk Period was from ____-____ and was the beginning of huge urban centers or city states. TERM 228 Cities; towns; villages; hamlets DEFINITION 228 1. The settlement hierarchy in Uruk was ____, ____, ____, then ____. a. TERM 229 Uruk DEFINITION 229 1. In the _____ period there were innovations such as the Plow; wheeled cart; potters wheel; early writing; and the formation of city-states TERM 230 a. Uruk; ziggurats; rulership DEFINITION 230 the city of ____ was the largest city in Mesopotamia with several _____ which served as a legitimation of rulership. TERM 231 a. Accounting DEFINITION 231 1. Writing developed based on an ____ system. TERM 232 Denise Schmandt DEFINITION 232 1. ___ ____ developed the Besserats token model. TERM 233 Impressions on clay DEFINITION 233 _____ replaced tokens. TERM 234 Ur; Nippur; Kish; Eridu DEFINITION 234 1. Some major city states were ____, ____, ____ and ____. TERM 235 Palace DEFINITION 235 1. During the Early Dynastic Period there was the appearance of the ____. TERM 246 a. Social and economic inequality DEFINITION 246 1. The Gerzean Period saw ____ and ____ inequality. TERM 247 Hierakonpolis DEFINITION 247 1. _____ was known as the City of the Hawk. TERM 248 10,000 DEFINITION 248 1. By the Gerzean period, there were ____ people in Hierakonpolis. TERM 249 Narmer DEFINITION 249 1. ____ was the king of Hierakonpolis in Upper Egypt, and the first king of Unified Egypt. TERM 250 a. Narmers Palette DEFINITION 250 1. _____ is artwork showing Narmer wearing the unified crown of upper and lower Egypt. TERM 251 a. King Horus Aha DEFINITION 251 1. The first Pharaoh was ____. TERM 252 Astronomy; geometry; accounting; architecture; surgery DEFINITION 252 1. Egyptians specialized in astoronomy, ___, ____, ___, and even surgery. TERM 253 Hieroglyphics DEFINITION 253 1. ____ is the Greek word for Sacred Writing. TERM 254 Jean-Francois Champollion DEFINITION 254 1. _____ first looked at the Rosetta stone and found three texts: hieroglyphics; Egyptian demotic and ancient Greek. TERM 255 Hieratic DEFINITION 255 1. ____ Cursive scripts were the sacred form of writing, compared to Demotic. TERM 256 Mastabas DEFINITION 256 1. ____ were above ground coffins. TERM 257 Pharaohs; pyramids DEFINITION 257 1. The Old Kingdom was the age of ____ and _____. TERM 258 Step Pyramid of Djoser DEFINITION 258 1. The first Pyramid was in the third dynasty, and was built atSaqqaraand called the ____. TERM 259 Medium DEFINITION 259 1. The ____ pyramid built by King Sneferu collapsed because it was too steep. TERM 260 Bent DEFINITION 260 1. The ____ Pyramid was very steep, but the top became less steep, shaped like a house. TERM 271 a. Aqueducts; sanitation systems DEFINITION 271 1. In Harappa there is the first evidence of ____ and ____. TERM 272 Rivers going dry. DEFINITION 272 1. Harappa decline is linked to the ____. TERM 273 Indus DEFINITION 273 1. TheSaraswatiRiver was parallel to the ____ River. TERM 274 Eustatic DEFINITION 274 1. ____ are changes due to sea level. TERM 275 a. Isostatic DEFINITION 275 1. _____ are changes due to the removal of glaciers. TERM 276 Mehgarth DEFINITION 276 1. A developed Harappa civilization was ____. TERM 277 Ravi DEFINITION 277 1. Early Harappa is called the ___ Period. TERM 278 Kot Diji DEFINITION 278 1. The site of ___ ____ dates back to 3,000 BC showing a defensive fortified wall. TERM 279 City states DEFINITION 279 1. Mayan civilizations were composed of _____ that were not unified. TERM 280 Tikal DEFINITION 280 1. Classic Maya had four major city states:Tikal, Calakmul, Copan, Palenque;____ was the largest with a population over 50,000 TERM 281 slaves and prisoners DEFINITION 281 1. Mayans practiced the sacrifice of ____ and ____. TERM 282 Throat cutting; Heart extraction; decapitation; being thrown into wells alive DEFINITION 282 1. Types of sacrifice included _____, _____, ____, and even _____. TERM 283 Blood-Letting DEFINITION 283 1. There were many ____ rituals of the Elites. TERM 284 warrior hood; prestige DEFINITION 284 1. Warfare among the city states was based on _____ and _____. TERM 285 Rulers DEFINITION 285 1. Warriors were also the ____; the main goal was to Capture other warriors. TERM 296 Humboldt Current; rich sea biomass; dry desert DEFINITION 296 1. The Humboldt Current in the tropical environment has two main effects: ___ in the Western Hemisphere, and a ____ ____ coast. TERM 297 cold DEFINITION 297 1. The coast also remained dry because of ____ masses of air that are very humid and carried over the coast by the Humboldt Current. TERM 298 Preceramic DEFINITION 298 1. The ____ period between 4,000 and 3,000 BC is characterized by the use of cultigens. TERM 299 Initial DEFINITION 299 1. The ___ period was the beginning of Ceramic technology, or pottery. TERM 300 Chavin DEFINITION 300 1. ____ took place during the Early Horizon Period. TERM 301 Junius Bird DEFINITION 301 1. ___ ___ was an archeologist who worked in the Andes; the basis of the character Indiana Jones. TERM 302 Monumental architecture DEFINITION 302 1. The Preceramic period was mostly small fishing villages, but had some sites with ____ ____. TERM 303 cotton DEFINITION 303 1. ____ was eventually domesticated to be used for fishing nets. TERM 304 Chinchorro Mummies; DEFINITION 304 1. ____ ____ were burial practices of this time, from the northern part of the Chilca coast; these mummies were extremely well preserved and characterize ancestor worship. well-preserved; ancestor TERM 305 dry DEFINITION 305 1. The Chilean coast is extremely ___ allowing for good preservation. TERM 306 State societies DEFINITION 306 1. The Chinchorro Mummies happened between 5,000-3,000 BC, before the emergence of ____ ____. TERM 307 Maritime Subsistence; Michael Moseley DEFINITION 307 1. The Maritime Subsistence argument of ____ ____ argues that stable and productive resources were able to support dense populations and large-scale monuments. TERM 308 Terrestrial subsistence; David Wilson DEFINITION 308 1. The Terrestrial subsistence argument of ___ ___ argued that marine resources were unpredictable, and there was a need for agriculture to sustain large populations; farming was necessary. TERM 309 Robert Feldman DEFINITION 309 ___ ____ , colleague of Michael Moseley, at Aspero near Lima on the coast, found evidence of social differentiation and high status burials of infants TERM 310 Aspero DEFINITION 310 1. ___ is a site in the Lowlands during the pre-ceramic period. TERM 321 Kotosh DEFINITION 321 ____ was a pre-ceramic monument in the highlands that was rebuilt and renovated many times within Cardal TERM 322 a. Initial; Early Horizon DEFINITION 322 1. The two periods within the Formative were the ____ and ____. TERM 323 Irrigation agriculture DEFINITION 323 1. In the Initial Period, there was a heavy reliance on ____ ____. TERM 324 social complexity DEFINITION 324 1. In both the pre-ceramic and initial periods, there was no sign of ____ ____. TERM 325 rectangles DEFINITION 325 1. The U-shaped tradition of the North-Central coast of Peru was only found in this region and consisted of a central mound and two on the side shaped like _____. TERM 326 Mountains DEFINITION 326 1. The U-shaped structures always faced towards the ____. TERM 327 Garagay Rimac DEFINITION 327 1. ____ ___ is a spider structure, where the mouth is the mouth of an alligator, and it has the fangs of a spider. TERM 328 Epidy Shadows DEFINITION 328 1. Cardal in the Lurin Valley was also near Lima, and was 3 structures that were built on top of each other over time; characterized by ___ ____. TERM 329 Chavin DEFINITION 329 1. ____ is an Early Horizon site in the Highlands; it is also a phenomenon that included an interaction sphere and a cult. TERM 330 a. Feline; alligator; snake; reptilian birds DEFINITION 330 1. In this cult, there was a main Chavin deity who could transform into animals such as a feline, _____, ___, and reptilian birds. TERM 331 Homogenous DEFINITION 331 1. The Middle Horizon and Early Horizon were ____ periods. TERM 332 Cardal DEFINITION 332 1. The major site in the Initial Period within the Formative was ____. TERM 333 Chavin DEFINITION 333 1. The major site in the Early Horizon Period within the Formative was ____. TERM 334 Cupisnique DEFINITION 334 1. In the Moche Valley, there was ____, a regional culture. TERM 335 Dead Horse DEFINITION 335 1. A major Moche site was the ___ ___. TERM 346 art and burial rituals DEFINITION 346 1. The Moche are most famous for their extremely elaborate art and ___ ___. TERM 347 Urban Process DEFINITION 347 1. The ___ ____ took place between the Early Horizon and the Early Intermediate Period. TERM 348 a. Early Intermediate Period DEFINITION 348 1. The Moche were an ____ ____ ___ regional culture. TERM 349 The Lord of Sipan DEFINITION 349 1. _____ is a rich burial site that was found because looters were working there for a while and items started coming into the market; TERM 350 Multivalley DEFINITION 350 1. The Moche is the first ___ state in the Central Andes TERM 351 AD 1 to 800 DEFINITION 351 1. The Moche dates from ___ to ____. TERM 352 North vs. South DEFINITION 352 1. The two distinct polities were the ___ vs. ____ Moche state. TERM 353 Huacas de Moche DEFINITION 353 1. _____ was considered the capital in the Moche Valley. TERM 354 Ceramic vessel bottle DEFINITION 354 1. The Moche produced a ___ ____ ____. TERM 355 Seriation DEFINITION 355 1. ____ is the ordering of artifacts based on the changes in style. TERM 356 Cooking; fishing; farming. DEFINITION 356 1. In Moche, there is no evidence of ___, ___, or ____.