AP Gov Exam Required SCOTUS Cases 2023: Key Supreme Court Decisions and Their Implications, Exams of Nursing

Download AP Gov Exam Required SCOTUS Cases 2023: Key Supreme Court Decisions and Their Implications and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! AP Gov Exam Required SCOTUS Cases 2023 Marbury v. Madison (1803) - Answer Established the principle of judicial review empowering the Supreme Court to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - Answer In striking down Maryland's tax on the National Bank, the holding established supremacy of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws over state laws. Often referenced in regards to strengthening the implied powers of the federal government. Schenck v. United States (1919) - Answer Speech creating a "clear and present danger" to national security or public safety is not protected by the First Amendment Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - Answer Race-based school segregation violates the equal protection clause. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson Baker v. Carr (1961) - Answer Decided that redistricting issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene and to decide redistricting cases. The defendants unsuccessfully argued that redistricting of legislative districts is a "political question", and hence not a question that may be resolved by federal courts. "One person, one vote." Engel v. Vitale (1962) - Answer School sponsored prayer and bible readings violates the establishment clause because students feel compelled to participate even if they are not religious or Christian. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) - Answer Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent (and subsequently everyone) in a state felony case (Incorporation) Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) - Answer Preemptively banning students from wearing black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War was deemed unconstitutional New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) - Answer Bolstered the freedom of the press, establishing a "heavy presumption against prior restraint" even in cases involving national security. The ruling made it possible for newspapers to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) - Answer Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause Roe v. Wade (1973) - Answer Extended the right of privacy to a woman's decision to have an abortion and established the three trimester standard Shaw v. Reno (1993) - Answer Majority minority districts, created under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, may be constitutionally challenged by voters if race is the only factor used in creating the district. The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that redistricting