APCO EMD Certification Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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Questions With Answers.

The objective of EMD is _________, and NOT __________. - Answer - Understanding the role of EMD obtaining information through vital points questions and giving appropriate pre-arrival instructions.

• Give training in the use of handling center equipment. What does EMD stand for? - Answer Emergency Medical Dispatch What is a prerequisite for EMD class? - Answer Must have a current CPR certification. EMD was designed to provide enough material to ensure you are able to: - Answer - State & identify the roles & responsibilities of an EMD.
• Obtain sufficient & accurate information from callers to dispatch resources properly & efficiently.
• Give appropriate pre-arrival instructions to callers as locally approved medical interrogation guidecards indicate. NOTE: Do NOT diagnose medical/traumatic issues for responders What are responsibilities of an EMD? - Answer - Vitally important role in the EMS system.
• Coordinating & dispatching appropriate resources. What are characteristics of a successful EMD? - Answer - Maintains confidentiality
• Helpful, compassionate & polite (not anxious) Fire personnel often are part of the __________ EMS system because they have received specialized medical training. - Answer local What is resource allocation? - Answer One of the most important functions of an EMD. What does "hot" mean in reference to response mode? - Answer "going lights and sirens"

1. "BLS Cold"
2. "BLS Hot"
3. "ALS Hot"
4. "FULL Response" - Answer 1. Resource w/ basic life support capability dispatched & told to respond in a NORMAL response mode.
5. Resource w/ basic life support capability dispatched & told to respond in an EMERGENCY response mode.
6. Resource w/ advanced life support capability dispatched & told to respond in an EMERGENCY response mode.
7. When "everything rolls" using the EMERGENCY response mode. Utilizing resources effectively means making the best use of what you have available. This includes: - Answer - Be familiar w/ their capabilities.

• Follow your EMD Guidecards.

Questions With Answers.

• Recognize the importance of conserving higher level resources. What does liability mean? - Answer That you are ultimately responsible for your actions. What is negligence? - Answer Defined ad failure to act or perform in a particular situation as any other reasonable, prudent TC (w/ the same or similar training) would under the same or similar circumstances. What is simple negligence? - Answer Defined as negligent conduct that was not purposeful or caused by "malicious intent." May be a result of human error - you didn't mean to do it. What are damages in reference to negligence? - Answer Anything awarded to winning plaintiffs. Can be both "compensatory" & "punitive." An EMD's job requires ___________ in accordance w/ the agency's standard. - Answer confidentiality To reduce liability, it must be approached at two levels: - Answer - Agency Risk Management
• Personal (individual) Risk Management What is a policy/procedure of Agency Risk Management? - Answer Use of a well- organized written orientation & training program for new employees. What is a common source of litigation? - Answer Argumentative / combative attitude on the part of the EMD. Because EMDs operate in a __________ & have to rely on the caller to give them information. - Answer "blind environment" What are the 3 Guidecard Types? - Answer - All callers Interrogation
• Individual Chief Complaint Guidecards
• Scripted Medical Instructions Can the All Callers Interrogation guidecard be used on ALL types of 9-1-1 calls? - Answer Yes! What call type would a patient experiencing chest pains fall under? - Answer Individual Chief Complaints What call type would a person involved in a motor vehicle accident fall under? - Answer Traumatic Incidents What call type would a person experiencing cardiac arrest or obstructed airways fall under? - Answer Time/Life Critical Events

Questions With Answers.

What phase of dispatch goes through the "All Callers Interrogations" sequence? - Answer Phase 1 What phase of dispatch does EMD prioritize the incident & dispatches EMS personnel? - Answer Phase 2 What phase of dispatch does the EMD provide the caller or patient with pre-arrival instructions? - Answer Phase 3 What are the syndromes of hysteria? - Answer - Recurrent Hysteria

• It's not working
• Telescoping of time
• Secondary Patient What is something children sometimes do when they call 9-1-1? - Answer Appear very calm ASTM standard suggests __________ of calls be reviewed for QA/QI. - Answer 7 - 10% Dispatch feedback should include: - Answer - EMS field personnel
• Law enforcement
• Hospitals
• Dispatchers An EMD should receive ____________ continuing education. - Answer monthly A continuing education program must be well designed & address topics based upon __________. - Answer QA/QI findings Dispatchers should receive more training on the ________________. - Answer medical emergencies & terminology _______ hours over _______ years of CDE credit (_______ hours annually) - Answer 24 hours over 2 years of CDE credit (12 hours annually) Note: will be asked 2 different questions on this subject Continuing education should be focused on: - Answer - Understanding medical conditions
• Improve skills in providing pre-arrival instructions
• EMD Guidecard familiarization
• Maintain knowledge of seldom used technical aspects
• Provide opportunities for discussions, skill practice & critique of skill performance
• Review & understand issues & findings identified by the dispatch quality assurance process. CDE objectives can be accomplished in the following ways: - Answer - APCO Institute Courses

Questions With Answers.

• Group Training
• Teaching Classes
• Scenario Training
• Ride-along
• CDE articles
• Confrences
• Attending a local ambulance in service training focusing on airway management, patient assessment, or use of equipment.******** EMD certification or recertification may be revoked or suspended by the agency or APCO for any of the following causes in compliance with ASTM standards: - Answer
• Habitual or excessive use of non-prescribed narcotics.
• Conviction of driving while intoxicated or driving impaired.
• Conviction of a felony.
• Performing procedures or skills beyond the level of certification or not allowed by rules. Having a successful QA/QI program can: - Answer - Reduce Risk Management
• Identify poor performance / behavior
• Identify good performance / behavior What is a stressor? - Answer A stimulus that causes, evokes or is otherwise highly associated w/ the stress response. What is burnout? - Answer A cummulative state of mental & physical exhaustion. What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? - Answer A term applied as the official diagnosis when individuals experience very intense arousal subsequent to the traumatic stressor. Tips for reducing stress: - Answer - Eat a good meal before going to work.
• Take a healthy meal to work w/ you.
• As schedule or workload permit, get away from the stressful environment for a few minutes.
• Leave work problems behind you when you go home.
• Exercise.
• Leave your personal problems behind you when you go to work.
• Focus on understanding rather than on being understood.
• Shift your physical position often.
• Develop a sense of humor.
• Shun the Super Hero inclination.
• Talk it out.
• Understand the "tertiary patient syndrome" and how to deal with it. Critical incidents come in many forms and _______________________________. - Answer it is wrong for TCs to assume that a critical incident has to be seen to have an effect on them.

Questions With Answers.

What is a Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)? - Answer A comprehensive, systematic & multi component approach for the reduction & control of harmful aspects of stress. How long is a Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)? - Answer 1 1/2 - 3 hours NOTE: Test will say 1 - 3 hours but it's still true. The AHA recommends that defibrillation be accomplished in ___________ from the time the call for service is received in the communications center. - Answer less than 5 minutes What are the caution notes on the AED Reference Guidecard on where to not operate the AED in or around? - Answer - Water, snow or ice

• Bathtubs, pools or Jacuzzis
• Metal street ventilation grates
• Hazardous materials
• Any type of conductive medium For Ventricular Assist Devices (VAD's) when a patient's heart is not strong enough to sustain life on its own, some information needed from the caller is: - Answer - Is there a good power source?
• Are there any alarms going off?
• If so what are they? What is the respiratory system? - Answer Takes in the oxygen we need and is responsible for removing carbon dioxide. What is the musculo-system? - Answer It supports the body & provides movement through the actions of muscles & joints. Vital organs like your lungs & heart are protected by bones. What is the digestive system? - Answer Responsible for eating, digesting food & liquids & eliminating waste. What is the genito-urinary system? - Answer Made up of the organs of waste elimination & reproduction. What is considered normal breathing for a newborn? - Answer 30-50 breaths per minute What is a symptom? - Answer An indication of a patient's condition that cannot be observed by another person but rather is subjective, or felt and reported by the patient. (Patient not feeling well is considered symptom) What is the second highest level of consciousness? - Answer Verbal. These patients are awake only when you talk to or yell at them (verbal stimulus).

Questions With Answers.

What can cause a feeling of "impending doom?' - Answer - Cardiac arrest

• Shock
• Respiratory distress
• Bleeding What is hemorrhagic shock? - Answer Occurs when the body loses large amounts of blood through INTERNAL or EXTERNAL bleeding. What is the protocol for tourniquets? - Answer If a caller says that a tourniquet has already been applied, leave it on & ask for time of application. Never instruct a caller to apply a tourniquet. What third critical cause is indicated by lower abdominal pain & signs of shock? - Answer ectopic pregnancy What is anaphylactic shock? - Answer The most critical allergic reaction, and manifests suddenly. When do you access Individual Guidecards? - Answer For chest pain. Which of the following is not one of the 3 categories of chief complaint types presented in module 5? a. Medical b. Trauma c. Time/Life Critical d. All Callers - Answer d. All Callers When should you access child chest pain cards? - Answer When a caller complains of pleurisy, pneumonia, hiatal hernias, viral illnesses, rib injuries, muscle strains & "shingles." Diabetes is a disorder where the body does not produce insulin or does not use it efficiently. What are the types of diabetes? - Answer - Type 1
• Type 2
• Gestational What is not a common cause of headaches? a. Sudden or acute onset b. Associated w/ fever or neck pain c. Repetitive head movement d. Migraine - Answer c. Repetitive head movement What are instructions commonly given to an overdose/poisoning patient? - Answer Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink except in cases of the caustic ingestion of an acid or lye. What are common signs of stroke? - Answer - Speech & motor problems, motor functions may diminish on one side of the body.

Questions With Answers.

• Complaining of numbness & tingling.
• Possible history of stroke.
• Possible altered level of consciousness (lower levels of consciousness indicate the event is more severe). A ___________________ to animals makes it likely that they will suffer serious facial injuries. - Answer child's smaller size & uncontrolled reaction In reference to assault/sexual assault, what is key? - Answer Preservation of evidence For burns, what usually determines the level of emergency represented by a particular incident? - Answer The size & severity of the burn What is heat/cold exposure classified as? - Answer Traumatic Enclosed spaces present grave danger _____________________. - Answer where chemicals or gases may be present. What is the nervous system? - Answer Controls all of your body functions & allows for interaction w/ the outside world through sensation.