APEA Predictor EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

Download APEA Predictor EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! APEA Predictor EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS When should colorectal cancer screening stop? - answer>>age 85 Who qualifies for a low dose CT scan for lung cancer screening purposes? - answer>>age 50-80 years anyone who currently smokes or has stopped smoking within the last 5 years What does an ASC-US (atypical squamos cells of undetermined significance) pap smear result necessitate? - answer>>Do HPV testing with this. If positive, repeat in one year if age 21-24 or send for colposcopy if older than 25. If negative, repeat pap in 3 years. What is the biggest side effect of colchicine? - answer>>diarrhea How do we treat lupus flares? - answer>>steroids What are common sequelae of fibromyalgia? - answer>>insomnia and depression What is a great treatment option for fibromyalgia? - answer>>amitriptyline (a TCA) because it helps with chronic pain, sleep, and depression How is fibromyalgia diagnosed? - answer>>when at least 8 out of 11 points bilaterally are tender to touch and the symptoms have lasted longer than 3 months What is slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - answer>>when the femoral head of the hip is out of place What is the trendelenburg sign and when is it positive? - answer>>when the patient is standing straight and the pelvis on the unaffected side drops; this is a sign of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis What is the main characteristic of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - answer>>walking with a limp SCFE is most common in which patient population? - answer>>adolescents What is legg-calve-perthe disease? - answer>>avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to a lack of blood supply Legg-calve-perthes disease is most common in which patient population? - answer>>young children What is the radiographic study of choice for the knee? - answer>>MRI What is the radiographic study of choice for the back? - answer>>x ray What is bursitis? - answer>>a fluid collection in the bursa of a joint How is bursitis treated? - answer>>a needle to instill intraarticular steroids and then pull off fluid Bursitis can be a issue - answer>>recurrent The medical term for knock knees - answer>>genu valgum The medical term for bow legs - answer>>genu varum What is myasthenia gravis? - answer>>an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness of the voluntary muscles What are the preventative treatment options for migraines? - answer>>beta blockers, amitriptyline, venlafaxine, topamax, valproate What is Addison's disease? - answer>>adrenal insufficiency; the patient will be low in cortisol and sodium but their potassium will be high What are s/s of Addison's disease? - answer>>bronze or discolored skin, salt cravings a rare complication of pregnancy characterized by the abnormal growth of trophoblasts, the cells that normally develop into the placenta - answer>>molar pregnancy What bacteria is the leading cause of urethritis? - answer>>neisseria gonorrhea What is the most common cause of hypercortisolism? - answer>>excessive ACTH production How do we treat developmental hip dysplasia in a child under 6 months? - answer>>Pavlik harness; if older than 6 months may need surgery It is recommended that all children younger than with sickle cell anemia take daily prophylactic antibiotics. What antibiotic is this? - answer>>5 years old; penicillin When can cervical cancer screening stop if no abnormal screening history is present? - answer>>age 65 When should breast cancer screening begin and end with a biannual mammogram? - answer>>age 50- 74 How would you describe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum? - answer>>papules that are umbilicated and contain a caseous plug How do we treat a broken clavicle in an infant? - answer>>no treatment; it should heal on it's own At what week of pregnancy is the uterus palpable just above the pubic symphysis? - answer>>week 12 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus palpable halfway between the pubic symphysis and umbilicus? - answer>>week 16 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus at the umbilicus? - answer>>week 20 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus halfway between the xiphoid process and umbilicus? - answer>>week 28 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus just below the xiphoid process? - answer>>week 34 Increased sweat production is a sign of what endocrine disorder? - answer>>hyperthyroidism What is Paget's disease? - answer>>there is localized increased bone turnover and blood flow resulting in the breakdown of bone and replacing it with weakened and highly vascular bone putting the indiv at increased risk of fractures How do we treat Paget's diseease? - answer>>bisphosphonates How should pregnant women wear their seatbelt? - answer>>with the shoulder strap like a normal person and then the groin strap below the belly and across the hips What is another name for fifth disease? - answer>>parvovirus aka slapped cheek disease aka erythema infectiosum Which type of prevention are vaccinations? - answer>>primary When should patients begin antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection? - answer>>as soon as it is detected, even if in the acute phase What are the first generation antihistamines? - answer>>diphenhydramine (benadryl) and chlorpeniramine (actifed) What are s/s of the secondary stage of syphilis? - answer>>rash on hands and feet, lymphadenopathy, fever What is the recommended treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis? - answer>>a fluoroquinolone (cipro or levo) + bactrim What is the recommended treatment for acute prostatitis? - answer>>cipro (if not STI related) or ceftriaxone What are s/s of an intraductal breast papilloma? - answer>>clear to bloody unilateral nipple discharge (bilateral is usually benign), and also a wart like lump palpated in the nipple area If a patient has GABHS but has an allergy to penicillins, what is the second line option? - answer>>first generation cephalosporins, unless the allergy is severe, then you would consider macrolides like a - mycin PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) are contraindicated in which patient populations? - answer>>in those who are on any type of nitrate or triptan because it could result in hypotension What is the first line treatment for mastitis? - answer>>keflex (a cephalosporin). If that doesn't work, then try another antibiotic. If that STILL doesn't work, then refer for an ultrasound What is one of the biggest risk factors for cervical cancer? - answer>>numerous sexual partners Preeclampsia most commonly shows up at what time in pregnancy? - answer>>around week 20 How do we treat UTIs in a pregnant woman? - answer>>can either do penicillin, cephalosporin, or a macrolide (can NOT do doxy or a fluoroquinolone) When do fibrocystic breasts tend to flare up and cause tenderness and lumps? - answer>>about 10 days before menses What can be a sequelae of an ectopic pregnancy? - answer>>pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility due to scarring of the fallopian tube (salpingitis) What is the Coomb's test and when is this completed? - answer>>test given 8 weeks in to pregnancy to determine a woman's RH compatibility If a patient's Coomb's test is positive, what do we do? - answer>>nothing, she is RH positive so we do not need to treat If a patient's Coomb's test is negative, what do we do? - answer>>give rhogam at 28 weeks and 72 hours after birth What is the only form of non-hormonal contraception other than barrier methods such as condoms? - answer>>IUD The vaginal ring for contraception must be taken out how often? - answer>>every 3 weeks If a patient is on birth control and is currently having breakthrough bleeding, then what do we do? - answer>>increase the progesterone How do we treat temporal arteritis? - answer>>steroids If a patient is on birth control and they miss one pill, what should they do? - answer>>double up If a patient is on birth control and they miss two pills, what should they do? - answer>>double up for 2 days If any woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding between periods (esp if she is postmenopausal), what should you do? - answer>>do a pregnancy test and then refer for endometrial biopsy to rule out endometrial cancer In terms of the breasts, is used for screening and is used for diagnosis. - answer>>mammogram; ultrasound When do we screen for group B strep in pregnancy? - answer>>weeks 35-37 When do we perform alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy? - answer>>15-20 weeks Alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy can help determine the presence of what in pregnancy? - answer>>spina bifida and anencephaly What is placenta previa? - answer>>when the placenta blocks the cervical opening of the uterus What is placenta abruptio? - answer>>when the placenta either fully or partially detaches from the uterine wall When does placental abruption most commonly occur? - answer>>in the third trimester What is the major difference in symptomalogy between placenta abruptio and placenta previa? - answer>>a placental abruption is painful whereas placenta previa is painless If a pregnant woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding, what should we be considering? - answer>>placenta previa What is the recommended treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica? - answer>>steroids Patients with SLE are going to have what abnormal labwork? - answer>>elevated ESR and CRP Which pap smear result is considered to be HPV positive? - answer>>LSIL If a patient has LSIL with a negative HPV test, what would you do? - answer>>repeat in 1 year If a patient has LSIL with no HPV test or a positive HPV test, what should you do? - answer>>refer for colposcopy If a patient's pap results show NILM, what should you do? - answer>>repeat in 3 years If a patient's pap results show ASC-H or HSIL what should you do? - answer>>refer for colposcopy The valgus stress test assesses what? - answer>>the medial collateral ligament