APEA PREDICTOR EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY A+ GRADED BY, Exams of Nursing

Download APEA PREDICTOR EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY A+ GRADED BY and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! l l O O M M o oA A R Rc cP PS S D D | |3 32 26 63 3 5 51 18 83 3 lOMoAR cPSD|32635183 APEA PREDICTOR EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY A+ GRADED BY EXPERTS| NEWEST JULY UPDATE!!! What is another name for fifth disease? - ANSWERS -parvovirus aka slapped cheek disease aka erythema infectiosum Which type of prevention are vaccinations? - ANSWERS -primary When should patients begin antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection? - ANSWERS -as soon as it is detected, even if in the acute phase What are the first generation antihistamines? - ANSWERS -diphenhydramine (benadryl) and chlorpeniramine (actifed) What are s/s of the secondary stage of syphilis? - ANSWERS -rash on hands and feet, lymphadenopathy, fever What is the recommended treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis? - ANSWERS -a fluoroquinolone (cipro or levo) + bactrim What is the recommended treatment for acute prostatitis? - ANSWERS -cipro (if not STI related) or ceftriaxone What are s/s of an intraductal breast papilloma? - ANSWERS -clear to bloody unilateral nipple discharge (bilateral is usually benign), and also a wart like lump palpated in the nipple area If a patient has GABHS but has an allergy to penicillins, what is the second line option? - ANSWERS -first generation cephalosporins, unless the allergy is severe, then you would consider macrolides like a -mycin PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil) are contraindicated in which patient populations? - ANSWERS -in those who are on any type of nitrate or triptan because it could result in hypotension What class of drug is sildenafil (viagra)? - ANSWERS -a PDE5 inhibitor which can cause hypotension so you should do a full cardiac assessment before starting a patient on this and maybe do an EKG l l O O M M o oA A R Rc cP PS S D D | |3 32 26 63 3 5 51 18 83 3 What are the symptoms of peripheral artery disease? - ANSWERS -think P meaning pain, A meaning absent or weak pulses, eschar or shiny legs, intermittent claudication What is first line treatment for PAD? - ANSWERS -walking and physical activity to improve circulation. second line is an aspirin or anti-platelet What should we tell our patients with PAD NOT to do? - ANSWERS -do not elevate the feet; keep them down What is the biggest side effect of colchicine? - ANSWERS -diarrhea How would you describe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum? - ANSWERS - papules that are umbilicated and contain a caseous plug How do we treat a broken clavicle in an infant? - ANSWERS -no treatment; it should heal on it's own At what week of pregnancy is the uterus palpable just above the pubic symphysis? - ANSWERS -week 12 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus palpable halfway between the pubic symphysis and umbilicus? - ANSWERS -week 16 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus at the umbilicus? - ANSWERS - week 20 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus of the uterus halfway between the xiphoid process and umbilicus? - ANSWERS -week 28 At what week of pregnancy is the fundus just below the xiphoid process? - ANSWERS -week 34 Increased sweat production is a sign of what endocrine disorder? - ANSWERS - hyperthyroidism What is Paget's disease? - ANSWERS -there is localized increased bone turnover and blood flow resulting in the breakdown of bone and replacing it with weakened and highly vascular bone putting the indiv at increased risk of fractures How do we treat Paget's diseease? - ANSWERS -bisphosphonates How should pregnant women wear their seatbelt? - ANSWERS -with the shoulder strap like a normal person and then the groin strap below the belly and across the hips l l O O M M o oA A R Rc cP PS S D D | |3 32 26 63 3 5 51 18 83 3 If a patient is on birth control and they miss two pills, what should they do? - ANSWERS -double up for 2 days If any woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding between periods (esp if she is postmenopausal), what should you do? - ANSWERS -do a pregnancy test and then refer for endometrial biopsy to rule out endometrial cancer In terms of the breasts, is used for screening and is used for diagnosis. - ANSWERS -mammogram; ultrasound When do we screen for group B strep in pregnancy? - ANSWERS -weeks 35-37 When do we perform alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy? - ANSWERS -15-20 weeks Alpha fetoprotein screening in pregnancy can help determine the presence of what in pregnancy? - ANSWERS -spina bifida and anencephaly What is placenta previa? - ANSWERS -when the placenta blocks the cervical opening of the uterus What is placenta abruptio? - ANSWERS -when the placenta either fully or partially detaches from the uterine wall When does placental abruption most commonly occur? - ANSWERS -in the third trimester What is the major difference in symptomalogy between placenta abruptio and placenta previa? - ANSWERS -a placental abruption is painful whereas placenta previa is painless If a pregnant woman comes in with painless vaginal bleeding, what should we be considering? - ANSWERS -placenta previa What is the recommended treatment for polymyalgia rheumatica? - ANSWERS - steroids Patients with SLE are going to have what abnormal labwork? - ANSWERS -elevated ESR and CRP How do we treat lupus flares? - ANSWERS -steroids What are common sequelae of fibromyalgia? - ANSWERS -insomnia and depression l l O O M M o oA A R Rc cP PS S D D | |3 32 26 63 3 5 51 18 83 3 What is a great treatment option for fibromyalgia? - ANSWERS -amitriptyline (a TCA) because it helps with chronic pain, sleep, and depression How is fibromyalgia diagnosed? - ANSWERS -when at least 8 out of 11 points bilaterally are tender to touch and the symptoms have lasted longer than 3 months What is slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - ANSWERS -when the femoral head of the hip is out of place What is the trendelenburg sign and when is it positive? - ANSWERS -when the patient is standing straight and the pelvis on the unaffected side drops; this is a sign of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis What is the main characteristic of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - ANSWERS - walking with a limp SCFE is most common in which patient population? - ANSWERS -adolescents What is legg-calve-perthe disease? - ANSWERS -avascular necrosis of the femoral head due to a lack of blood supply Legg-calve-perthes disease is most common in which patient population? - ANSWERS -young children What is the radiographic study of choice for the knee? - ANSWERS -MRI What is the radiographic study of choice for the back? - ANSWERS -x ray What is bursitis? - ANSWERS -a fluid collection in the bursa of a joint How is bursitis treated? - ANSWERS -a needle to instill intraarticular steroids and then pull off fluid Bursitis can be a issue - ANSWERS -recurrent The medical term for knock knees - ANSWERS -genu valgum The medical term for bow legs - ANSWERS -genu varum What is myasthenia gravis? - ANSWERS -an autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness of the voluntary muscles Genu valgum is caused by a problem with what? - ANSWERS -the medial collateral ligament; think valgum as in gum makes your knees stick together l l O O M M o oA A R Rc cP PS S D D | |3 32 26 63 3 5 51 18 83 3 Genu varum is caused by a problem with what? - ANSWERS -the lateral collateral ligament What are shin splints? - ANSWERS -a medial tibial syndrome caused by overuse of the muscles How do we treat shin splints? - ANSWERS -rest and avoidance of exercise until the pain resolves What is the tell-tale difference between a herniated disc and sciatica? - ANSWERS - sciatica feels better when you stand, a herniated disc feels better when you sit down When will spinal or lumbar stenosis feel better? - ANSWERS -when the patient sits down What is Korsakoff syndrome? - ANSWERS -a deficiency in thiamine and folate caused by alcoholism What changes to the vagina occur with aging? - ANSWERS -dryness, loss of rugae, less pubic hair What is a navicular fracture? - ANSWERS -also known as a scaphoid fracture; this impacts the snuff box and causes tenderness there. This will have to be casted to stabilize the fracture Heberden and bouchard's nodes are indicative of what disease process? What about swan neck deformities? - ANSWERS -osteoarthritis; rheumatoid arthritis What is Morton's neuroma? - ANSWERS -a mass between the 3rd and 4th toes that feels like a pebble; most common in women who wear high heels or tight shoes How is Morton's neuroma diagnosed? - ANSWERS -via a positive Muddler's or squeeze test causing pain What is the hook test? - ANSWERS -used to assess for a bicep tendon issue How do we treat any rotator cuff injuries? - ANSWERS -wear a sling to stabilize the arm and refer to ortho How long do migraine headaches last? - ANSWERS -4-72 hours How can we abort cluster headaches? - ANSWERS -calcium or 100% oxygen application Which type of headaches come with lacrimation and sinus symptoms? - ANSWERS - cluster headaches