APHR Exam: Comprehensive Questions and Answers - Latest Updated 2024/2025, Exams of Human Resource Management

Download APHR Exam: Comprehensive Questions and Answers - Latest Updated 2024/2025 and more Exams Human Resource Management in PDF only on Docsity! APHR Exam | Comprehensive Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 With 100% Verified Solutions industrial relations - ✔✔the relationship between an employer and its employees. (the relationship between the management of an industrial enterprise and its employees, as guided by specific laws and regulations) staff units - ✔✔people who support line management (work groups that support the major business of an organization with activities such as accounting, customer service, maintenance, and personnel) line management - ✔✔people who create revenue for the organizations (work groups that conduct the major business of an organization, such as manufacturing or sales) compliance - ✔✔obedience, conforming (following established laws, guidelines, or rules) human capital strategy - ✔✔employment tactics, plan for managing employees (methods and tools for recruiting, managing, and keeping important employees) organizational development - ✔✔planned process to improve an organization (planned process that uses the principles of behavioral science to improve the way an organization functions) human resources - ✔✔function within an organization that focuses on implementing organizational strategy, as well as recruiting, managing performance, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization psychological conflict - ✔✔beliefs that influence the employee-employer relationship (an unwritten agreement of the mutual beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations between an employer and an employee, which influence how the interact) stakeholder - ✔✔an interest holder in an organization (ex- owners, investors, employees, suppliers, unions, or the community) competencies - ✔✔the abilities needed to do well in a specific job global organization - ✔✔an organization that views the world as one market (an organization that views the whole world as one market, and does not divide it into separate markets by country) certification - ✔✔a procedure to grant an official designation career management - ✔✔planning and controlling the professional development of an employee (preparing, implementing, and monitoring the career path of employees, with a focus on the goals and needs of the organization) gap analysis - ✔✔a technique used to compare the current state with the future desired state (compare their actual performance with their potential performance) hr partner - ✔✔an ally in providing hr services (a manager or department that has a relationship with hr in order to provide services to the organization) hr business partner - ✔✔strategic role for human resources (a role in which the human resources function works closely with an organization to develop strategies and achieve business results) dedicated hr - ✔✔person committed to human resources in an organization functional hr - ✔✔dedicated tasks of the human resources position in an organization human capital strategies - ✔✔employment tactics plan for managing employees supply chain management (SCM) - ✔✔the steps taken from initial planning through customer support (process of planning, implementing, and controlling operations, which begins with acquiring raw materials and continues to customer delivery and support) franchising - ✔✔a business model that involves licensing zero-based budgeting - ✔✔an approach to financial planning and decision making ( a budgeting process that requires that every budget item is approved instead of only budget changed being approved. no reference is made to previous budget expenditures) return on investment (ROI) - ✔✔a financial calculation to evaluate an investment (performance measure used to evaluate the financial outcome of an investment) value chain - ✔✔model of how businesses create value (model of how businesses receive raw materials, add value to the raw materials and sell finished products to customers) organizational structure - ✔✔the grouping of employees and processes (the way that employees and processes are grouped into departments or functions in an organization, along with a description of reporting relationships organizational chart - ✔✔diagram showing reporting relationships (a graphic representation of how authority and responsibility are distributed within a company; it includes all work processes of the company) chain of command - ✔✔order of authority span of control - ✔✔the number of employees a manager supervises functional area - ✔✔group of people performing similar tasks (a department in which people have similar specialties or skills --the accounting department or IT department in an organization) functional structure - ✔✔group of people performing similar tasks (a department or division where people have similar specialties or skills -accounting or IT department) front-back format - ✔✔an organizational design that separates customer service and production (an organization that has two parts - one part that focuses on the customers and the market (front) and one part that develops products and services (back)) product structure - ✔✔a way of organizing a company (a method of organizing a company in which the departments are grouped by product) geographic structure - ✔✔organizational model based on location (an organizational model in which divisions, functions, or departments are organized by location in a specific country or region) matrix structure - ✔✔a system or reporting where employees have both vertical and horizontal relationships (a system of managing staff where employees have more than one reporting relationship) hybrid structure - ✔✔a vertical and horizontal organizational model (an organizational model that combines different operational, functional, product, and geographic structures) work unit - ✔✔smallest work group in a company (a business function that produces one product or focuses on a single area) virtual team - ✔✔people who work together in different locations or time zones company culture - ✔✔the beliefs and behaviors of an organization (the values, language, rules, procedures, expectations, and processes that affect how employees of an organization think, act, and view the world) mission statement - ✔✔a description of the purpose of an organization (a short description of the main purpose of an organization, which does not change) vision statement - ✔✔declaration of what an organization wants to become cascading goals - ✔✔goals that flow from the top to the bottom of an organization strategic planning - ✔✔process of defining the organization's future direction SMART goal setting - ✔✔process used to help achieve business success (applying specific, measurable, action-orientated, realistic, and time-based goals to help a company achieve business success) stretch objectives - ✔✔goals that require max effort process-flow analysis - ✔✔method of assessing critical business functions (a diagram used to assess business processes, sometimes called process mapping) forecasting - ✔✔a planning tool that helps with future decisions (analyzing the probability of future outcomes to help lessen uncertainty) quantification - ✔✔counting and measuring - giving a number to a measurement of something norms - ✔✔standards, averages environmental scanning - ✔✔gathering internal and external information for strategic purposes (acquiring and using information about the internal and external business environments that influence an organizations strategy SWOT audit - ✔✔strategic planning method used to assess the internal and external environment in which a company operates, it strengths and weaknesses(internal) and opportunities and threats (external) PEST analysis - ✔✔method of gathering external data for organizational analysis - political, economic, sociopolitical, and technological data that is gathered and reviewed by organizations for planning purposes political unrest - ✔✔disturbance or turmoil about government issues lagging economic indicators - ✔✔signs that confirm change in the economy- unemployment rates change agent - ✔✔something or someone that causes change deductive - ✔✔reasoning from the general to the specific (forms a conclusion from general information) buy-in - ✔✔obtaining support (acquiring backing or sponsorship from a person or group) delphi technique - ✔✔a forecasting technique where a group of experts provide individual opinions, which are later shared in order to reach a more objective decision divestiture - ✔✔the sale of a company's assets offshoring - ✔✔relocation of a business process to another country outsourcing - ✔✔contracting or subcontracting noncore business activities shared services - ✔✔business strategy to centralize administrative functions cost sharing - ✔✔expenses for a project being divided among those involved center of excellence - ✔✔an area where high standards produce the best results contract manufacturing - ✔✔producing private-label goods (one company hires another to manufacture parts or goods under its label and according to its specifications) management contract - ✔✔an agreement to oversee a project or operations due diligence - ✔✔an investigation economic valuation - ✔✔value given to non financial factors (monetary values to environmental factors) sarbanes-oxley act - ✔✔a US law that sets specific standards for public companies (a broad range of legal regulations that strengthen corporate accounting controls in the US) corporate citizenship - ✔✔responsibility to employees and to the community corporate social responsibility - ✔✔an organizations commitment to improving the community and the environment global ethics policy - ✔✔company behavioral guidelines (how employees to behave around the world, often intended to prevent bribery and corruption) workforce planning - ✔✔analyzing the type and number of employees (to achieve goals in terms of the size, type, and quality of its employees) head count - ✔✔number of employees an organization has on its payroll manpower - ✔✔an organization's workforce (the total number of individuals who make up the workforce of an organization) redundancies - ✔✔elimination or reduction of jobs because of downsizing or outsourcing redeployment - ✔✔moving employees from one location or task to another (often to reduce layoffs or to make the best use of employees) reduction in force (RIF) - ✔✔temporary or permanent layoffs (due to lack of funding or change in work requirements) mobility - ✔✔the ability to move from one place to another (employees and families move from one location to another) staffing - ✔✔hiring and firing employees sourcing - ✔✔Identifying candidates who are qualified to do a job by using proactive recruiting techniques recruitment - ✔✔process of attracting, screening, and hiring qualifies people for a job talent pool - ✔✔group of available skilled workers (or a database of resumes that a company can se to recruit in a particular location) placement - ✔✔finding suitable jobs for applicants headhunter - ✔✔an informal name for an employment recruiter, sometimes referred to as an executive search firm